refined

• 微細な

関

fine

　 　 　

WordNet

1. (used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel; "she was delicate and refined and unused to hardship"; "refined people with refined taste"
2. freed from impurities by processing; "refined sugar"; "refined oil"; "to gild refined gold"- Shakespeare (同)processed
3. thin in thickness or diameter; "a fine film of oil"; "fine hairs"; "read the fine print"
4. money extracted as a penalty (同)mulct, amercement
5. characterized by elegance or refinement or accomplishment; "fine wine"; "looking fine in her Easter suit"; "a fine gentleman"; "fine china and crystal"; "a fine violinist"; "the fine hand of a master"
6. free from impurities; having a high or specified degree of purity; "gold 21 carats fine"
7. minutely precise especially in differences in meaning; "a fine distinction"
8. of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles; "wood with a fine grain"; "fine powdery snow"; "fine rain"; "batiste is a cotton fabric with a fine weave"; "covered with a fine film of dust"
9. (used of persons and their behavior) not refined; uncouth; "how can a refined girl be drawn to such an unrefined man?"
10. not refined or processed; "unrefined ore"; "crude oil" (同)unprocessed, crude
11. excessively delicate or refined (同)superfine
12. treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition; "refine paper stock"; "refine pig iron"; "refine oil"
13. attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or validity by polishing or purifying; "many valuable nutrients are refined out of the foods in our modern diet"
14. make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of; "refine a method of analysis"; "refine the constant in the equation"
15. reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities; "refine sugar" (同)rectify

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『精製した』,精錬された・優雅な・微妙な・『洗練された』,上品な,優雅な(elegant);《時に軽べつして》お上品な,手の込んだ
2. 罰金 / 〈人〉‘に'罰金を科する:
3. (物・事が)『りっぱな』,みごとな;けっこうな.満足できる / (人が)『優れた』,りっぱな / (天気が)『晴れた』,気持ちのよい / 《補語にのみ用いて》《話》『元気な』,健康な(well) / (人・衣服・態度などが)『洗練された』,いきな,上品な(refined) / (粒・きめなどの)細かい;細い(thin) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》微妙な(delicate) / 精巧な / (物が)混じりけのない,(金・銀などが)純度…の / (言葉が)華美な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《皮肉に》けっこうな,ごりっぱな / 細かく / 《話》りっぱに,うまく
4. …‘を'『精製する』,精錬する / 〈言葉・態度など〉‘を'『洗練する』,上品にする,優雅にする

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/21 21:19:10」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Refining (also perhaps called by the mathematical term affining) is the process of purification of a (1) substance or a (2) form. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and by-products. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of ore to metal (for which see Refining (metallurgy)).

The refining of liquids is often accomplished by distillation or fractionation. Gases can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by extraction with a selective solvent that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities.

Many solids can be refined by growing crystals in a solution of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles.

Chemical reactions are often used to remove impurities of particular types.

The use of silicon and other semiconductors in electronics depends on precise control of impurities. The zone melting process developed by William Gardner Pfann was used to produce pure germanium, and subsequently float-zone silicon became available when Henry Theuerer of Bell Labs adapted Pfann's method to silicon.

Types of materials that are usually refined:

• metals - see Refining (metallurgy)
• petroleum
• silicon
• sugar
• table salt
• vegetable oil
• air

See also

• Continuous distillation
• Natural gas processing
• Oil refinery
• Refinery
• Refining (metallurgy)
• Wafer (electronics)
• Air separation

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Optimization of the canola oil based vitamin E nanoemulsions stabilized by food grade mixed surfactants using response surface methodology.

• Mehmood T1.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Sep 15;183:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.021. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
• The objective of the present study was to prepare canola oil based vitamin E nanoemulsions by using food grade mixed surfactants (Tween:80 and lecithin; 3:1) to replace some concentration of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80) with natural surfactant (soya lecithin) and to optimize their preparation con
• PMID 25863602

• A new method of applying randomised control study data to the individual patient: A novel quantitative patient-centred approach to interpreting composite end points.

• Ahmad Y1, Nijjer S1, Cook CM1, El-Harasis M1, Graby J1, Petraco R1, Kotecha T1, Baker CS1, Malik IS1, Bellamy MF1, Sethi A1, Mikhail GW1, Al-Bustami M1, Khan M1, Kaprielian R1, Foale RA1, Mayet J1, Davies JE1, Francis DP1, Sen S2.
• International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Sep 15;195:216-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.109. Epub 2015 May 23.
• BACKGROUND: Modern randomised controlled trials typically use composite endpoints. This is only valid if each endpoint is equally important to patients but few trials document patient preference and seek the relative importance of components of combined endpoints. If patients weigh endpoints differe
• PMID 26048380

• Forty years of quality-of-life research in congenital heart disease: Temporal trends in conceptual and methodological rigor.

• Bratt EL1, Moons P2.
• International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Sep 15;195:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.070. Epub 2015 May 15.
• BACKGROUND: The first study on quality of life (QoL) in patients with congenital heart disease was published 40years ago. Since then, the number of QoL articles on these patients has grown exponentially. We conducted a systematic literature review of all empirical studies on QoL in patients with con
• PMID 26011404

• Numerical Methodology to Evaluate the Effects of Bone Density and Cement Augmentation on Fixation Stiffness of Bone-Anchoring Devices.

• Chevalier Y.
• Journal of biomechanical engineering.J Biomech Eng.2015 Sep 1;137(9). doi: 10.1115/1.4030943. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
• Bone quality is one of the reported factors influencing the success of bone anchors in arthroscopic repairs of torn rotator cuffs at the shoulder. This work was aimed at developing refined numerical methods to investigate how bone quality can influence the fixation stiffness of bone anchors. To do t
• PMID 26121601

Japanese Journal

• Reaction Parameters for the Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl Fatty Hydrazides from Oil

• Ahmad Norashikin,Azizul Hasan Zafarizal Aldrin,Hassan Hazimah Abu,Ahmad Mansor,Zin Wan Yunus Wan Md.
• Journal of Oleo Science, 2015
• … however, only a few publications described the synthesis of fatty hydrazide derivatives, particularly, when produced from refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein. … The fatty hydrazides used were synthesized from refined, bleached and deodorized palm olein with hydrazine monohydrate at pH 12 by enzymatic route. …
• NAID 130004704222

• 論理的なコミュニケーション能力に関する一考察 : アーギュメント理論を手がかりにして

• 岩下 嘉邦,河野 順子
• 熊本大学教育学部紀要 63, 9-16, 2014-12-12
• … Through such a process, the analysis of reasoning will be refined, and qualities of rationalizations will be increased based on experiences, resulting in integration of one's and others' opinions. …
• NAID 110009862669

• Evaluation of growth rate and semi-refined carrageenan properties of tissue-cultured Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales)

• Yong Wilson Thau Lym,Chin Jamie Yan Yung,Thien Vun Yee [他]
• Phycological research 62(4), 316-321, 2014-10
• NAID 40020253098

• Influence of Zn substitution for Mg on microwave dielectric properties of spinel-structured (Mg

• Kan Akinori,Takahashi Susumu,Moriyama Tohru,Ogawa Hirotaka
• Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53(9S), 09PB03, 2014-09-03
• … On the basis of the refined atomic coordinates, the variations in the volume of tetrahedron and octahedron were estimated and the expansion of the MO<inf>4</inf>(M = Mg, Zn, and Ga) tetrahedron was recognized. …
• NAID 150000109748

Related Links

• refinedの意味 - 英和辞書 - 英語辞書 - goo辞書

refinedとは。意味や和訳。[形]1 〈人・行為などが〉上品な，洗練された，あかぬけしたrefined manners優雅な態度.2 （ 比較変化なし）精製[精錬]した，純化された.3 緻密(ちみつ)な；正確な，厳密なrefined artifices手の込んだ ...

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• Refined | Define Refined at Dictionary.com

Relying on chemistry instead of torque and heat, the relaxer seemed more worldly, more civilized and refined. Many recipes were tested and refined in royal palaces. Today's best practices must continually be refined and re ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「fine」「微細」
関連記事	「refine」

「fine」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 微細な、細密な

関

refined

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「微細」

　　[★]

英

fine、refined

関

細密

「refine」

　　[★]

• v.

• 精製する、洗練させる、精巧にする

関

cleanup、exquisite、exquisitely、purification、purify、refinement、smart、sophisticated、sophistication