WordNet

have a conference in order to talk something over; "We conferred about a plan of action" (同)confabulate, confab, consult
present; "The university conferred a degree on its most famous former student, who never graduated"; "bestow an honor on someone" (同)bestow
support or promote; "His admiration fed her vanity"
introduce continuously; "feed carrots into a food processor" (同)feed in
food for domestic livestock (同)provender
take in food; used of animals only; "This dog doesnt eat certain kinds of meat"; "What do whales eat?" (同)eat
gratify; "feed ones eyes on a gorgeous view" (同)feast
give food to; "Feed the starving children in India"; "dont give the child this tough meat" (同)give
feed into; supply; "Her success feeds her vanity"
provide as food; "Feed the guests the nuts"
serve as food for; be the food for; "This dish feeds six"
coat with plastic or cement; "render the brick walls in the den"
a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls
cause to become; "The shot rendered her immobile"
pass down; "render a verdict"; "deliver a judgment" (同)deliver, return
give back; "render money" (同)return
make over as a return; "They had to render the estate" (同)submit
give or supply; "The cow brings in 5 liters of milk"; "This years crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn"; "The estate renders some revenue for the family" (同)yield, return, give, generate
take measures in preparation for; "provide for the proper care of the passengers on the cruise ship"
supply means of subsistence; earn a living; "He provides for his large family by working three jobs"; "Women nowadays not only take care of the household but also bring home the bacon" (同)bring home the bacon
give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance; "The hostess provided lunch for all the guests" (同)supply, ply, cater
determine (what is to happen in certain contingencies), especially by including a proviso condition or stipulation; "The will provides that each child should receive half of the money"; "The Constitution provides for the right to free speech"
get rid of; "he shed his image as a pushy boss"; "shed your clothes" (同)cast, cast_off, shake_off, throw, throw off, throw away, drop
cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; "our dog sheds every Spring" (同)molt, exuviate, moult, slough
an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage
impose something unpleasant; "The principal visited his rage on the students" (同)bring_down, visit, impose
a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic (同)group_discussion
a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
someone who converses or confers (as in a conference)

PrepTutorEJDIC

(同僚・弁護士などと…について)『相談する』,協議する《+『with』+『名』+『on』(『about, over』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (…に)〈爵位・勲章・恩恵など〉'を'与える,授ける《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 《廃》比較する(《略》『cf.』)
〈人・動物〉‘に'『食物を与える』,‘を'養う;《英》(…で)〈人・動物〉‘を'育てる,飼育する《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 《米》(人・動物に)〈食物〉‘を'与える《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / 〈食物ず〉…‘の'食事となる,‘を'まかなう / (必要なものを)…‘に'供給する《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…に)〈必要なもの〉‘を'供給する,送り込む《+『名』+『into』(『to』)+『名』》 / 〈動物が〉食へる,《話》〈人が〉食べる / 〈U〉『飼料』,えさ;〈C〉1回分の飼料 / 〈C〉《話》《単数形て》食事;ごちそう
《『render』+『名』〈目〉+『形』〈補〉》…‘を'(…の状態に)『する』)make) / …‘を'行う,果たす / (…に対して)…‘を'返す《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / '‘を'公式に宣言する,言い渡す / (…に)〈計算書など〉‘を'提出する,送付する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / (文章や絵画で)…‘を'表現する / (…に)…‘を'翻訳する(translate)《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / ‘を'演奏する,演ずる(perform) / 〈脂肪など〉‘を'溶かす,溶かして精製する《+『名』+『down,』+『down』+『名』》
…‘を'『供給する』,提供する,与える / 《『provide』+『that』『節』》(法律などで)…‘と'『規定する』 / (将来の安全・災害などに)『備える』,用意する / (家族などを)扶養する《+『for』+『名』》
〈血・液など〉‘を'『流す』,こぼす / 〈葉・毛・外皮など〉‘を'『自然に落とす』;〈衣服〉‘を'脱ぐ / 〈光・香りなど〉‘を'放つ / 〈布などが〉〈水〉‘を'はじく,通さない / 〈動物などが〉脱毛する,脱皮する / 〈葉が〉落ちる
(物をしまうための)『納屋』,物置;(風雨よけの)…置き場,小屋
〈苦痛・打撃・罰など〉‘を'『与える』,加える
〈C〉『会議』,協議会 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…との)相談,協議《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(学校,スポーツクラブなどの)連盟
=press conference
授与,叙勲

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/29 17:45:02」(JST)

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The abbreviation cf. derives from the Latin verb conferre, to bring together (from which confer is the conjugation of the imperative form), while in English it is commonly read as "compare". The abbreviation advises readers to consult other material, usually for the purpose of drawing a contrast. Many usage guides recommend against the common use of cf. to mean "see also".

Such abbreviations appear most frequently in scholarly contexts, such as in academic articles in humanities, physics, chemistry, geology, open nomenclature biology, theology, philology,^[1] or in economic^[2]^[3] or legal writing.^[4]

Use

The abbreviation cf. is used in essays,^[5] theses,^[6] technical books,^[7] law review articles,^[8] legal opinions,^[9] and scientific nomenclature.^[10] Its purpose is to compare the immediately preceding statement with another statement in the same work or more commonly, a statement in another work.^[6] The following legal fabrication provides an example:

While cars are required by law to stop at all stop signs (Vehicle Code section 1234 ["Cars must stop at stop signs"]), pedestrians are not (cf. Vehicle Code section 4321 ["Pedestrians need not stop at stop signs"]).

While the cf. abbreviation has widespread use as a shorthand for "see", particularly in citations, The Chicago Manual of Style recommends against its use in this sense and prefers instead that cf. be used only to mean "compare" or "see, by way of comparison".^[11]

In biological naming conventions, cf. is variously used; commonly it is placed between the generic name and the specific name to describe a specimen whose designation is uncertain because of practical difficulties such as poor preservation of the specimen. For example: Barbus cf. holotaenia implies that the specimen is believed to be Barbus holotaenia but the actual identification cannot be certain. The use of cf. in biological nomenclature expresses a possible identity, or at least a significant resemblance, such as between a newly observed specimen and a known species or taxon.^[10] Such a usage might suggest a specimen's membership of the same genus or possibly of a shared higher taxon, such as in "Diptera: Tabanidae, cf. Tabanus" where the author is confident of the order Diptera and family Tabanidae, but can offer the genus Tabanus only as a suggestion, and has no information favouring a particular species.^[12]

Formatting

Formatted properly, the abbreviation ends in a single period ("cf.", not "c.f.") because it represents a shortening of "confer" as a single word, not a shortening of two words (cf. "q.v.").

Use of italics for abbreviations of foreign words and phrases has become less common in modern usage, especially for such common abbreviations as cf., e.g., etc., i.e., q.v., and viz.

References

^ William Walker (1730). Some improvements to the art of teaching, especially in the first grounding of a young scholar in grammar learning. pp. 229, 233–.
^ Joseph Shield Nicholson (1897). Principles of Political Economy. Adam and Charles Black.
^ Warren Benjamin Catlin (1 January 1962). The Progress of Economics: A History of Economic Thought. Ardent Media. pp. 503–. GGKEY:CYPGRWH8YYC.
^ Oliver Wendell Holmes (1881). The Common Law. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 316–. ISBN 978-1-58477-499-0.
^ Peter Redman, Good Essay Writing: A Social Sciences Guide, p. 114.
^ ^a ^b William Giles Campbell, Form and style in thesis writing, p. 41.
^ Dan Richard Jones, Technical Writing Style, p. 101.
^ The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, p. 55 (19th ed., 2010)
^ Joyce J. George, Judicial Opinion Writing Handbook, p. 358.
^ ^a ^b Bengtson, Peter. "Open Nomenclature" (PDF). Palaeontology. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
^ "Chicago Manual of Style 15th Ed. Style Sheet" (PDF). Michigan State University Press. p. 6, citing Chicago Manual of Style section 16.58. Retrieved 2016-07-07. There is a distinction between see and cf.; use cf. only to mean 'compare' or 'see, by way of comparison'.
^ FIELD KEY FOR SELECTED BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES. FROM THE HKH REGION. DRAFT VERSION FEBRUARY 2007 prepared by Anne Hartmann [www.assess-hkh.at/downloads/Field_Key_HKH_draft.pdf]

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