setting sun sign

落陽現象

WordNet

1. place signs, as along a road; "sign an intersection"; "This road has been signed"
2. (medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease; "there were no signs of asphyxiation"
3. a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); "he showed signs of strain"; "they welcomed the signs of spring" (同)mark
4. a character indicating a relation between quantities; "dont forget the minus sign"
5. a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; "The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary"--de Saussure
6. a gesture that is part of a sign language
7. a public display of a message; "he posted signs in all the shop windows"
8. engage by written agreement; "They signed two new pitchers for the next season" (同)contract, sign on, sign_up
9. approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation; "All parties ratified the peace treaty"; "Have you signed your contract yet?" (同)ratify
10. communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs; "He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture"; "The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu" (同)signal, signalize, signalise
11. mark with ones signature; write ones name (on); "She signed the letter and sent it off"; "Please sign here" (同)subscribe
12. be engaged by a written agreement; "He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18"; "The soprano signed to sing the new opera"
13. communicate in sign language; "I dont know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin"
14. the state of the environment in which a situation exists; "you cant do that in a university setting" (同)background, scope
15. the context and environment in which something is set; "the perfect setting for a ghost story" (同)scene
16. the physical position of something; "he changed the setting on the thermostat"
17. expose to the rays of the sun or affect by exposure to the sun; "insolated paper may turn yellow and crumble"; "These herbs suffer when sunned" (同)insolate, solarize, solarise
18. expose ones body to the sun (同)sunbathe
19. the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system; "the sun contains 99.85% of the mass in the solar system"; "the Earth revolves around the Sun" (同)Sun
20. a person considered as a source of warmth or energy or glory etc
21. any star around which a planetary system revolves
22. having a handwritten signature; "a signed letter"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (ある事実・状態・感情などの)『表れ』,印,気配,徴侯(indication);(…の)こん跡,計跡《+『of』+『名』》・『身ぶり』,手まね,合図 / 『標識』,看板 / (数学・音楽などの)記号 / (…の)『象徴』,シンボル(symbol)《+『of』+『名』》・《文》(…の)『前兆』,きざし《+『of』+『名』》・宮(きゅう)(黄道12区分の一つ) ・〈手紙・書類・作品など〉‘に'『署名する』・(…に)〈名前など〉‘を'書く《+『名』+『on』(『to』)+『名』》 / …‘を'雇う契約に署名する・…‘を'合図する,知らせる;…に合図する・署名する・契約書に署名して雇われる
2. 〈C〉(宝石などの)はめこみ台 / 〈C〉(劇・文学作品り)背景・舞台 / 〈C〉(劇の)舞台装置,道真立て / 〈C〉(一般に)環境,境遇 / 〈U〉〈C〉(物語・詩などにつけられた)曲 / 〈C〉(卵の)一かえり,一抱き / 〈U〉すえつけること,置くこと;(日・月の)入り / 〈C〉一分の食器類
3. 《the~》『太陽』,日 / 〈U〉《the~》『日光』 / 〈C〉恒星 / 〈自分〉‘を'日光にさらす / 日光浴をする
4. =ti

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/10 14:42:56」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Not to be confused with Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome.

Parinaud's syndrome
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G46.3
ICD-9-CM	378.81
DiseasesDB	32982
MeSH	D015835

Parinaud's Syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome and vertical gaze palsy, is an inability to move the eyes up. It is caused by a tumor of the pineal gland which compresses the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF). The eyes lose the ability to move upward.

It is a group of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction. It is caused by lesions of the upper brain stem and is named for Henri Parinaud (1844–1905), considered to be the father of French ophthalmology.

Signs and symptoms

Parinaud's Syndrome is a cluster of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction, characterized by:

1. Paralysis of upgaze: Downward gaze is usually preserved. This vertical palsy is supranuclear, so doll's head maneuver should elevate the eyes, but eventually all upward gaze mechanisms fail.
2. Pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils: Accommodative paresis ensues, and pupils become mid-dilated and show light-near dissociation.
3. Convergence-Retraction nystagmus: Attempts at upward gaze often produce this phenomenon. On fast up-gaze, the eyes pull in and the globes retract. The easiest way to bring out this reaction is to ask the patient to follow down-going stripes on an optokinetic drum.
4. Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
5. Conjugate down gaze in the primary position: "setting-sun sign". Neurosurgeons will often see this sign most commonly in patients with failed ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

It is also commonly associated with bilateral papilledema. It has less commonly been associated with spasm of accommodation on attempted upward gaze, pseudoabducens palsy (also known as thalamic esotropia) or slower movements of the abducting eye than the adducting eye during horizontal saccades, see-saw nystagmus and associated ocular motility deficits including skew deviation, oculomotor nerve palsy, trochlear nerve palsy and internuclear ophthalmoplegia.

Causes

cross section of midbrain showing lesion

Parinaud's Syndrome results from injury, either direct or compressive, to the dorsal midbrain. Specifically, compression or ischemic damage of the mesencephalic tectum, including the superior colliculus adjacent oculomotor (origin of cranial nerve III) and Edinger-Westphal nuclei, causing dysfunction to the motor function of the eye.

Classically, it has been associated with three major groups:

1. Young patients with brain tumors in the pineal gland or midbrain: pinealoma (intracranial germinomas) are the most common lesion producing this syndrome.
2. Women in their 20s-30s with multiple sclerosis
3. Older patients following stroke of the upper brainstem

However, any other compression, ischemia or damage to this region can produce these phenomena: obstructive hydrocephalus, midbrain hemorrhage, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, trauma and brainstem toxoplasmosis infection. Neoplasms and giant aneurysms of the posterior fossa have also been associated with the midbrain syndrome.

Vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia has also been associated with metabolic disorders, such as Niemann-Pick disease, Wilson's disease, kernicterus, and barbiturate overdose.

Prognosis and treatment

The eye findings of Parinaud's Syndrome generally improve slowly over months, especially with resolution of the causative factor; continued resolution after the first 3–6 months of onset is uncommon. However, rapid resolution after normalization of intracranial pressure following placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt has been reported.

Treatment is primarily directed towards etiology of the dorsal midbrain syndrome. A thorough workup, including neuroimaging is essential to rule out anatomic lesions or other causes of this syndrome. Visually significant upgaze palsy can be relieved with bilateral inferior rectus recessions. Retraction nystagmus and convergence movement are usually improved with this procedure as well.

References

Further reading

• Aguilar-Rebolledo F, Zárate-Moysén A, Quintana-Roldán G (1998). "Parinaud's syndrome in children". Rev. Invest. Clin. (in Spanish) 50 (3): 217–20. PMID 9763886. 
• Waga S, Okada M, Yamamoto Y (1979). "Reversibility of Parinaud syndrome in thalamic hemorrhage". Neurology 29 (3): 407–9. doi:10.1212/wnl.29.3.407. PMID 571990. 
• -1268056053 at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Setting sun eye in normal healthy infants.

• Nejat F, Yazdani S, El Khashab M.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. nejat@sina.tums.ac.ir
• Pediatric neurosurgery.Pediatr Neurosurg.2008;44(3):190-2. Epub 2008 Mar 11.
• BACKGROUND: The setting sun eye is a common sign associated with severe disorders signifying intracranial hypertension. Rarely it can be observed in a healthy infant. We conducted this study to evaluate and follow setting sun eye in normal infants without any obvious intracranial diseases.METHODS: A
• PMID 18334841

• The setting sun sign: visualizing the margins of a basal cell carcinoma on serial frozen sections stained with toluidine blue.

• Goldberg LH, Wang SQ, Kimyai-Asadi A.SourceDermSurgery Associates, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. goldb1@dermsurgery.org
• Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.].Dermatol Surg.2007 Jun;33(6):761-3.
• PMID 17550460

• New photochromic foldable intraocular lens: preliminary study of feasibility and biocompatibility.

• Werner L, Mamalis N, Romaniv N, Haymore J, Haugen B, Hunter B, Stevens S.SourceJohn A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. liliana.werner@hsc.utah.edu
• Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.J Cataract Refract Surg.2006 Jul;32(7):1214-21.
• PURPOSE: To evaluate a new hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with photochromic properties in vitro and in vivo in a rabbit model.SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.METHODS: The photochromic optic change of 5 study IOLs was evaluated in vitro on
• PMID 16857512

Japanese Journal

• 脳室腹腔シャント術を行った犬の水頭症の1例

• 日本獣医師会雑誌 50(2), 106-109, 1997
• NAID 130003848162

• 続伊勢神宮考--祭りと星座

• 民族学研究 40(1), p1-15, 1975-06
• NAID 110001100946

Related Links

• setting-sun sign - Medical Dictionary - The Free Dictionary

sign (sīn) an indication of the existence of something; any objective evidence of a disease, i.e., such evidence as is perceptible to the examining physician, as opposed to the subjective sensations (symptoms) of the patient.

• Setting Sun Sign - Medical Dictionary - The Free Dictionary

Inferior ocular deviation, typical of severe infantile hydrocephaly, less often associated with subdural haematomas. It is often accompanied by the 'cracked- pot' sign, prominent scalp veins, thinned and shiny skin, a high-pitched cry, and optic ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「落陽現象」
関連記事	「setting」「sign」「sun」「SUN」

「落陽現象」

　　[★]

英

setting sun phenomenon, sunset phenomenon, sun-down phenomenon

同

落陽徴候 sunset sign, setting-sun sign setting sun sign、落日現象、日没現象

関

水頭症、核黄疸

概念

• 地平線に太陽が沈んでいくように、両側眼球が下転して瞳の虹彩下部が下眼瞼に隠れて、10～20秒くらいの間そのまま固定する現象
• 核黄疸、水頭症で見られる
• 誘発方法：

• 1. 仰臥位の乳児を抱きかかえて頭部を急に背屈させる
• 2. 眼に光を当てておき、急にその光を除く

参考

• 1.

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wucT0D1HsbQ/TfyB8pewcZI/AAAAAAAACmA/iI8KutwMvHo/s320/2460.1.jpg

• 2.

右端

http://www.pumch.net/downaton502/prof/ebook/duanes/pages/v2/ch003/012f.html

• 3. Sunset Sign in Hydrocephalus

誘発方法が・・・いいの？カメラ目線のような気が。

<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NayovHTTcOA</youtube>

「setting」

　　[★]

• n.

• 設定、据え付け/据え付けること。(日・月の)沈むこと。(計器などの)調節、調節点。(宝石などの)はめ込み。(自然の/小説・劇・映画などの)環境、背景。道具立て、舞台装置。(詩・歌詞などの)節付け、作曲。(作曲された)曲。1 人分の食器類

関

set

　 　 　 　

「sign」

　　[★]

• n.

• 徴候、兆候、サイン、(数学)符号

関

indication、manifestation、signature、stigma、stigmata、symptom、symptomatic

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「sun」

　　[★]

• n.

• 太陽

関

solar、solar system

　 　 　 　 　 　

「SUN」

　　[★] 血清尿素窒素 serum urea nitrogen