main effect

• 主作用

関

main action

WordNet

1. act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change"
2. a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic"
3. (of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect" (同)force
4. the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (同)essence, burden, core, gist
5. an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
6. produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave" (同)effectuate, set_up
7. of force; of the greatest possible intensity; "by main strength"
8. a principal pipe in a system that distributes water or gas or electricity or that collects sewage
9. any very large body of (salt) water (同)briny
10. informal terms for a mother (同)mama, mamma, mom, momma, mommy, mammy, mum, mummy
11. property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until they returned" (同)personal_effects

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉〈U〉『結果』 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…への)『効果』,効きめ,影響《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(色・音・形などの)印象,感銘 / 《複数形で》品物;身の回り品;動産,財産 / (結果として)…‘を'『もたらす』;〈目的など〉‘を'果たす,遂行する
2. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『おもな,主要な』 / 〈C〉《通例複数形で》(水道・ガスなどの)本管;主電線;(鉄道の)本線,幹線 / 〈U〉《the~》《詩》大海,大海原(おおうなばら)
3. 《M-》《話》おかあちゃん(mamma)
4. (水道・ガスなどが)本管から送られた,主電線からの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/24 20:05:24」(JST)

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In the design of experiments and analysis of variance, a main effect is the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable averaging across the levels of any other independent variables. The term is frequently used in the context of factorial designs and regression models to distinguish main effects from interaction effects.

Relative to a factorial design, under an analysis of variance, a main effect test will test the hypotheses expected such as H0, the null hypothesis. Running a hypothesis for a main effect will test whether there is evidence of an effect of different treatments. However a main effect test is nonspecific and will not allow for a localization of specific mean pairwise comparisons (simple effects). A main effect test will merely look at whether overall there is something about a particular factor that is making a difference. In other words a test examining differences amongst the levels of a single factor (averaging over the other factor and/or factors). Main effects are essentially the overall effect of a factor.

References

• McBurney, D.M., White, T.L. (2004). Research Methods. CA: Wadsworth Learning.
• Mook, Douglas G. (2001). Psychological Research: The Ideas Behind the Methods. NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• The cellulolytic system of Thermobifida fusca.

• Gomez Del Pulgar EM, Saadeddin A.Author information Abengoa Research , Abengoa, Campus Palmas Altas, Seville , Spain.AbstractAbstract The process of bioethanol production from biomass comprises pretreatments and enzyme-mediated hydrolysis to convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Because of the recalcitrant character of cellulose, the enzymatic hydrolysis is considered the major challenge in this process to be economically competitive. These technical difficulties highlight the need for the discovery of new enzymes to optimize and lower the cost of current technologies. Microorganisms have developed efficient systems for cellulose degradation. Among cellulolytic microbes, Thermobifida fusca possesses great physiological and cellulolytic characteristics (thermostability, high activity and tolerance to a broad pH range) making it an interesting organism to be studied from an applied perspective. In this review we describe the main enzymes/proteins produced by T.fusca (cellulases, xylanases, mannanase, manosidase, CBM33 and CelR), the effect of substrate on T. fusca proteome, enzyme improvement approaches, synergism between enzymes/proteins and artificial cellulosomes.
• Critical reviews in microbiology.Crit Rev Microbiol.2014 Aug;40(3):236-47. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.776512. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
• Abstract The process of bioethanol production from biomass comprises pretreatments and enzyme-mediated hydrolysis to convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. Because of the recalcitrant character of cellulose, the enzymatic hydrolysis is considered the major challenge in this process to be ec
• PMID 23537325

• Using principal component analysis in studying the transdermal delivery of a lipophilic drug from soft nano-colloidal carriers to develop a quantitative composition effect permeability relationship.

• Hathout RM.Author information Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt.AbstractThe aim of principal component analysis is to reduce the dimensionality of the data while retaining its variation. Obtaining a vector component representing the most important variation amongst the data and summarizing the factors are usually needed to achieve a new descriptor for the system. This can be used to elaborate certain properties related to the components used in formulating drug delivery systems. To this end, it is possible to develop what exclusively can be called quantitative composition effect permeability relationship. In this study, fundamental features of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy together with the degree of saturation of a model drug, testosterone hormone, were used as initial dimensions and their extent of change were utilized as original variables to generate a correlation matrix. The principal component (PC) with the largest eigen value was selected for regression analysis to provide a quantitative model relating the effects of different compositions with the enhanced penetration of the model lipophilic drug from microemulsions. A strong correlation (r = 0.90) was obtained between the main PC derived data and the observed permeability coefficient results which warrants the use of this analyzing method in optimizing different drug delivery systems.
• Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Aug;19(5):598-604. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.813544. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
• The aim of principal component analysis is to reduce the dimensionality of the data while retaining its variation. Obtaining a vector component representing the most important variation amongst the data and summarizing the factors are usually needed to achieve a new descriptor for the system. This c
• PMID 23879693

• Effect of ultra high pressure homogenization treatment on the bioactive compounds of soya milk.

• Toro-Funes N1, Bosch-Fusté J1, Veciana-Nogués MT1, Vidal-Carou MC2.Author information 1Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de l'Alimentació Torribera, University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain.2Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus de l'Alimentació Torribera, University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mcvidal@ub.edu.AbstractUltra high pressure homogenization (UHPH) is a useful novel technology to obtain safe and high-quality liquid foods. The effect of UHPH at 200 and 300MPa in combination with different inlet temperatures (Tin) (55, 65 and 75°C) on the bioactive compounds of soya milk was studied. Total phytosterols increased with the higher combination of pressure and temperature. The main phytosterol was β-sitosterol, followed by stigmasterol and campesterol. Total tocopherols in UHPH-treated soya milks decreased as the temperature and pressure increased. UHPH treatment also affected the different chemical forms of tocopherols. No biogenic amines were detected in any of the analyzed soya milks. Meanwhile, the polyamines SPD and SPM were found in all soya milks, being stable to the UHPH treatment. Total isoflavones increased with the higher combination of pressure and temperature. No differences in the isoflavone profile were found, with β-glucoside conjugates being the predominant form.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jun 1;152:597-602. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.015. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
• Ultra high pressure homogenization (UHPH) is a useful novel technology to obtain safe and high-quality liquid foods. The effect of UHPH at 200 and 300MPa in combination with different inlet temperatures (Tin) (55, 65 and 75°C) on the bioactive compounds of soya milk was studied. Total phytosterols
• PMID 24444981

Japanese Journal

• ゴルフ競技者のスポーツサングラスの使用実態

• 愛知工業大学研究報告 = Bulletin of Aichi Institute of Technology (52), 124-130, 2017-03-31
• NAID 120006304383

• 初代文部大臣森有礼におけるグローバリズムと国家主義

• 国際基督教大学学報. I-A 教育研究 = Educational Studies 59, 149-157, 2017-03-31
• NAID 120006029799

• グループ活動による絵本の情報共有が幼児の語りに及ぼす影響

• 広島大学心理学研究 (16), 81-90, 2017-03-31
• NAID 120005998199

Related Links

• Main effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In the design of experiments and analysis of variance, a main effect is the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable averaging across the levels of any other independent variables. The term is frequently used in the context of ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「主作用」
関連記事	「effect」「main」「effected」

「主作用」

　　[★]

英

main action, principal action

同

main effect？

主作用	main action	治療に有用な作用
副作用	side action	治療効果以外の作用(生体に有利・不利は不問)
有害反応	adverse reaction	常用量で発現する全ての好ましくいない反応

→副作用と有害反応は区別されるべきものであるが、日本では混用されている(SPC.6)

「effect」

　　[★]

• n.

• 結果。遂行、成就。
• 効果。効力。効き目、効能、影響。
• [美術・芸術]色彩、形の配合、光景、趣き、印象。外観、見え、体裁
• 趣旨、意図。本質、基本的意味

• vt.

• (変化などを)もたらす。(目的・計画など)果たす、遂げる。実施/施行する

関

act, action, affect, efficacy, impact, impinge, indication, influence, potency, effected

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「main」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 主な、主要な

関

cardinal、chief、chiefly、foremost、mainly、major、master、mostly、predominant、predominantly、primarily、primary、principal、principally

　 　 　 　

「effected」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 結果として生じる

関

effect