helix-turn-helix

ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス

関

HTH

WordNet

1. to send or let go; "They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governors mansion"
2. (sports) a division during which one team is on the offensive (同)bout, round
3. pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become; "The weather turned nasty"; "She grew angry" (同)grow
4. become officially one year older; "She is turning 50 this year"
5. change color; "In Vermont, the leaves turn early"
6. a favor for someone; "he did me a good turn" (同)good turn
7. (game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; "it is my turn"; "it is still my play" (同)play
8. the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course; "he took a turn to the right" (同)turning
9. taking a short walk out and back; "we took a turn in the park"
10. the act of turning away or in the opposite direction; "he made an abrupt turn away from her"
11. an unforeseen development; "events suddenly took an awkward turn" (同)turn of events, twist
12. pass to the other side of; "turn the corner"; "move around the obstacle" (同)move around
13. let (something) fall or spill from a container; "turn the flour onto a plate" (同)release
14. cause to move around a center so as to show another side of; "turn a page of a book" (同)turn_over
15. accomplish by rotating; "turn a somersault"; "turn cartwheels"
16. alter the functioning or setting of; "turn the dial to 10"; "turn the heat down"
17. cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics; "The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him"; "The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold"
18. cause to move along an axis or into a new direction; "turn your face to the wall"; "turn the car around"; "turn your dance partner around"
19. cause to move around or rotate; "turn a key"; "turn your palm this way"
20. change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; "Turn towards me"; "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face"; "She turned from herself and learned to listen to others needs"
21. channel ones attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something; "The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction"; "people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium"
22. direct at someone; "She turned a smile on me"; "They turned their flashlights on the car"
23. get by buying and selling; "the company turned a good profit after a year"
24. move around an axis or a center; "The wheels are turning"
25. shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel; "turn the legs of the table"; "turn the clay on the wheel"
26. act of changing in practice or custom; "the law took many turnings over the years"
27. the activity of shaping something on a lathe
28. the end-product created by shaping something on a lathe
29. a movement in a new direction; "the turning of the wind" (同)turn
30. a shaving created when something is produced by turning it on a lathe
31. a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle (同)spiral
32. type genus of the family Helicidae (同)genus Helix
33. moved around an axis or center

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘を'『回す』,回転させる / 〈角など〉‘を'『曲がる』,迂回(うかい)する / …‘を'『ひっくり返す』,裏返す / …‘の'『向きを変える』,‘を'方向転換させる / …‘を'向ける / …‘を'『変化させる』,変質(変色)させる / ‥‘を'行かせる,追い払う / 〈ある年齢・時刻・数量など〉‘を'越す,過ぎる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》‥‘を'乱す,めちゃめちゃにする / 〈胃〉‘を'むかつかせる;〈心・頭など〉‘を'混乱させる,狂わせる / …‘を'折る,曲げる,ねじる;〈足首〉‘を'くじく / …‘に'丸みをつける;(旋盤・ろくろで)…‘を'作る / …‘を'きれいに形作る;〈文・曲など〉‘を'うまく作る / 〈商品・資金〉‘を'回転させる;〈利益〉‘を'あげる / 〈土・畑など〉‘を'掘り返す(plow) / (何かを軸・中心にして)『回る』,回転する / (…に)『進路を変える』;〈道路などが〉(…に)曲がる;折れる;〈風などが〉(…に)向きを変える《+to(toward)+名》 / 〈人が〉(…に向かって)ふり向く《+toward+名》,(…から)そらす《+from+名》 / 〈人が〉ころがる,寝込りを打つ / 〈物が〉さかさになる,裏返しになる / (…に)心(注意など)を向ける《+to+名》;(…から)心(注意など)をそらす《+from+名》 / 変わる,なる / 〈木の葉などが〉変色する;〈牛乳などが〉変質する,腐敗する / 〈胃が〉むかつく;〈心・頭が〉混乱する,変になる;〈頭が〉ふらつく / 〈パイプなどが〉曲がる,たわむ / 〈C〉『回転』,回ること / 〈C〉『方向転換』,曲がること,折り返し / 〈C〉曲がり目;曲がり角,折り返し点 / 〈C〉《a turn》(状況などの)変化,転機;《the turn》(…の)変り目,転換期《+of+名》 / 〈C〉『順番』,番 / 〈C〉《a turn》一回りの散歩(ドライブ);一仕事 / 〈C〉行い,行為 / 《a turn》言い回し,言葉遣い / 〈C〉(…の)性向,気質;素質,才能《+『for』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉形,格好 / 〈C〉《話》(めまい・吐き気などの)発作《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《話》ショック,はっとすること / 〈C〉必要,急場 / 〈C〉見方,解釈;くふう,ひねり(twist) / 〈C〉《おもに英》(寄席などの)出し物,演芸
2. (…への)曲がり角《+to+名》
3. らせん / らせん形のもの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/27 01:55:59」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The λ repressor of bacteriophage lambda employs a helix-turn-helix (left; green) to bind DNA (right; blue and red).

In proteins, the helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA. It is composed of two α helices joined by a short strand of amino acids and is found in many proteins that regulate gene expression. It should not be confused with the helix-loop-helix domain.

Discovery

The discovery of the helix-turn-helix motif was based on similarities between several genes encoding transcription regulatory proteins from bacteriophage lambda and Escherichia coli: Cro, CAP, and λ repressor, which were found to share a common 20-25 amino acid sequence that facilitates DNA recognition.

Function

The helix-turn-helix motif is a DNA-binding motif. The recognition and binding to DNA by helix-turn-helix proteins is done by the two α helices, one occupying the N-terminal end of the motif, the other at the C-terminus. In most cases, such as in the Cro repressor, the second helix contributes most to DNA recognition, and hence it is often called the "recognition helix". It binds to the major groove of DNA through a series of hydrogen bonds and various Van der Waals interactions with exposed bases. The other α helix stabilizes the interaction between protein and DNA, but does not play a particularly strong role in its recognition. The recognition helix and its preceding helix always have the same relative orientation.

Classification of helix-turn-helix motifs

Several attempts have been made to classify the helix-turn-helix motifs based on their structure and the spatial arrangement of their helices. Some of the main types are described below.

Di-helical

The di-helical helix-turn-helix motif is the simplest helix-turn-helix motif. A fragment of Engrailed homeodomain encompassing only the two helices and the turn was found to be an ultrafast independently folding protein domain.

Tri-helical

An example of this motif is found in the Transcriptional activator Myb.

Tetra-helical

The tetra-helical helix-turn-helix motif has an additional C-terminal helix compared to the tri-helical motifs. These include the LuxR-type DNA-binding HTH domain found in bacterial transcription factors and the helix-turn-helix motif found in the TetR repressors. Multihelical versions with additional helices also occur.

Winged helix-turn-helix

The winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) motif is formed by a 3-helical bundle and a 3- or 4-strand beta-sheet (wing). The topology of helices and strands in the wHTH motifs may vary. In the transcription factor ETS wHTH folds into a helix-turn-helix motif on a four-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet scaffold arranged in the order α1-β1-β2-α2-α3-β3-β4 where the third helix is the DNA recognition helix.

Other modified helix-turn-helix motifs

Other derivatives of the helix-turn-helix motif include the DNA-binding domain found in MarR, a regulator of multiple antibiotic resistance, which forms a winged helix-turn-helix with an additional C-terminal alpha helix.

See also

• DNA-binding domain
• DNA-binding protein
• Secondary structure
• Zinc finger

References

Further reading

• Struhl K (1989). "Helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger, and leucine-zipper motifs for eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins.". Trends Biochem Sci 14 (4): 137–40. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90145-X. PMID 2499084. 
• Gajiwala KS, Burley SK (2000). "Winged helix proteins.". Curr Opin Struct Biol 10 (1): 110–6. PMID 10679470. 
• Santos CL, Tavares F, Thioulouse J, Normand P (2009). "A phylogenomic analysis of bacterial helix-turn-helix transcription factors.". FEMS Microbiol Rev 33 (2): 411–29. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00154.x. PMID 19076237. 
• Hoskisson PA, Rigali S (2009). "Chapter 1: Variation in form and function the helix-turn-helix regulators of the GntR superfamily.". Adv Appl Microbiol 69: 1–22. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(09)69001-8. PMID 19729089. 
• Brennan RG (1993). "The winged-helix DNA-binding motif: another helix-turn-helix takeoff.". Cell 74 (5): 773–6. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90456-Z. PMID 8374950. 
• Huffman JL, Brennan RG (2002). "Prokaryotic transcription regulators: more than just the helix-turn-helix motif.". Curr Opin Struct Biol 12 (1): 98–106. doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00295-6. PMID 11839496. 

External links

• Helix-turn-helix motif, lambda-like repressor, from EMBL
• Full PDB entry for PDB ID 1LMB
• Cro/C1-type HTH domain, more HTHs in PROSITE

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

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English Journal

• Effects of ultrasound pre-treatment on the structure of β-conglycinin and glycinin and the antioxidant activity of their hydrolysates.

• Wang Y1, Wang Z2, Handa CL3, Xu J4.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Mar 1;218:165-172. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.069. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
• The effect of power, time and temperature of ultrasound on the structure of β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S), and on the antioxidant activity of their hydrolysates were investigated. All ultrasound treated 7S and 11S fractions showed an increase in the α-helix and β-turn proportions, and a d
• PMID 27719894

• Effects of high pressure modification on conformation and gelation properties of myofibrillar protein.

• Zhang Z1, Yang Y2, Zhou P3, Zhang X4, Wang J4.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Feb 15;217:678-86. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.040. Epub 2016 Sep 7.
• The effects of high pressure (HP) treatment (100-500MPa) on conformation and gelation properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) were investigated. As pressure increased (0.1-500MPa), α-helix and β-sheet changed into random coil and β-turn, proteins unfolded to expose interior hydrophobic and sulfhy
• PMID 27664686

• Effect of trypsin treatments on the structure and binding capacity of volatile compounds of myosin.

• Lv T1, Wang Y1, Pan D1, Cao J2, Zhang X1, Sun Y1, Chen Y3, Liu Y4.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Jan 1;214:710-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.115. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
• In order to investigate the mechanism between flavor binding and proteins degradation during meat processing, the influence of different trypsin contents on the structure of myosin and the adsorption capacity on aldehydes and ketones was determined. The 1% treatment produced subfragment 2 (S2), ligh
• PMID 27507529

Japanese Journal

• X-Ray Crystal Structure of the DNA-Binding Domain of Response Regulator WalR Essential to the Cell Viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Interaction with Target DNA

• , , [他], ,
• Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(9), 1901-1907, 2010-09-23
• … The structure contains a winged helix-turn-helix motif and closely resembles those of WalRs of <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> …
• NAID 10027559722

• ピリドキサール5'-リン酸依存性フェニルセリンアルドラーゼの発現を制御するタンパク質Reg-psaldの同定とその利用

• 村松 久司,上島 左久子,山本 浩明 [他],加藤 伸一郎,味園 春雄,永田 信治
• ビタミン 84(2), 37-45, 2010-02-25
• … The Pfam database indicated that Reg-psald contained an AraC-like ligand binding domain in the N-terminal region and two bacterial regulatory helix-turn-helix domains in the C-terminal region. …
• NAID 110007575034

• 8-14 茎粒形成に必須なAzorhizobium caulinodansのhelix-turn-helixモチーフ遺伝子の解析(8.共生,2007年度東京大会)

• 青野 俊裕,鈴木 志野,李 慶範,小柳津 広志
• 日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (53), 56, 2007-08-22
• NAID 110006598245

Related Links

• Helix-Turn-Helix - Welcome to Web Books Publishing

The Helix-Turn-Helix motif consists of two a helices and a short extended amino acid chain between them. The more carboxyl-terminal helix can fit into the major groove of DNA. This motif is found in hundreds of DNA-binding proteins ...

• Helix Turn Helix - Dom Lee and K.(Keunhee Kim) Lee's ...

HELIX TURN HELIX demaris tribbett Divergent types of regulatorswe report a range of different sources . Crystal structure reveals a sugar phosphate. Bindingthe image shows a information from biology-online biochemistry and family ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「HTH」「ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス」
拡張検索	「helix-turn-helix motif」
関連記事	「turn」「turning」「helix」

「HTH」

　　[★]

• ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス

関

helix-turn-helix

「ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス」

　　[★]

英

helix-turn-helix、HTH

同

HTHモチーフ

「helix-turn-helix motif」

　　[★] ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス・モチーフ

「turn」

　　[★]

• n.

• 回転、ターン、順番、変化

• v.

• 回転する、なる

関

alter、alteration、become、change、come、convolution、get、go、in turn、order、rank order、revolution、revolve、roll、rolling、rotate、rotation、rotatory、round、shift、turn to、turning、variation、variational

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「turning」

　　[★]

• 回転

関

convolution、revolution、revolve、roll、rolling、rotate、rotation、rotatory、round、turn

　 　 　 　 　 　

「helix」

　　[★]

• n.

• らせん体、らせん、ヘリックス、(軟体動物)カタツムリ

関

helical、helices、snail、spiral