関: VEGF-C

WordNet

cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system

PrepTutorEJDIC

『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行
carbonの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/13 11:27:41」(JST)

wiki en

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a protein that is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor / vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. It is encoded in humans by the VEGFC gene, which is located on chromosome 4q34.^[1]

Functions

It's main function is in lymphangiogenesis, where it acts on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) primarily via its receptor VEGFR-3 promoting survival, growth and migration. It was discovered in 1996 as a ligand for the orphan receptor VEGFR-3.^[2] Soon thereafter, it was shown to be a specific growth factor for lymphatic vessels in a variety of models.^[3]^[4] However, in addition to its effect on lymphatic vessels, it can also promote the growth of blood vessels and regulate their permeability. The effect on blood vessels can be mediated via its primary receptor VEGFR-3^[5] or its secondary receptor VEGFR-2. Apart from vascular targets, VEGF-C is also important for neural development^[6] and blood pressure regulation.^[7]

Biosynthesis

VEGF-C is a dimeric, secreted protein, which undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation resulting in multiple processed forms. After translation, VEGF-C consists of three domains: the central VEGF homology domain (VHD), the N-terminal domain (propeptide) and a C-terminal domain (propeptide).^[8] It is referred to as "uncleaved VEGF-C" and has a size of approximately 58 kDa. The first cleavage (which happens already before secretion) occurs between the VHD and the C-terminal domain and is mediated by proprotein convertases.^[9] However, the resulting protein is still held together by disulfide bonds and remains inactive (although it can bind already VEGFR-3).^[10] This form is referred to as "intermediate form" or pro-VEGF-C and it consists of two polypeptide chains of 29 and 31 kDa. In order to activate VEGF-C, a second cleavage has to occur between the N-terminal propeptide and the VHD. This cleavage can be performed either by ADAMTS3^[10] or plasmin.^[11] With progressing maturation, the affinity of VEGF-C for both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 increases and only the fully processed, mature forms of VEGF-C have a significant affinity for VEGFR-2.^[8]

Relationship to VEGF-D

The closest structural and functional relative of VEGF-C is VEGF-D.^[12] However, at least in mice, VEGF-C is absolutely essential for the development of the lymphatic system,^[13] whereas VEGF-D appears to be not necessary at all.^[14] Whether this holds true for humans is unknown, because there are major differences between human and mouse VEGF-D.^[15]

Disease relevance

In a minority of lymphedema patients, the condition is caused by mutations in the VEGFC gene^[16] and VEGF-C is a potential treatment for lymphedema,^[17]^[18] even though the underlying molecular cause appears more often in the VEGF-Receptor-3 instead of VEGF-C itself.^[19] Because in Milroy's disease (Hereditary lymphedema type I), only one allele is mutated, not all VEGFR-3 molecules are non-functional and it is thought, that high amounts of VEGF-C can compensate for the mutated, nonfunctional receptors by increasing the signaling levels of the remaining functional receptors.^[20] Therefore VEGF-C is developed as a lymphedema drug under the name of Lymfactin.^[21] Also indirectly VEGF-C can be responsible for hereditary lymphedema: The rare Hennekam syndrome can result from the inability of the mutated CCBE1 to assist the ADAMTS3 protease in activating VEGF-C.^[10] While a lack of VEGF-C results in lymphedema, too much VEGF-C is implicated in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. VEGF-C can act directly on blood vessels to promote tumor angiogenesis^[5]^[22] and it can promote lymphangiogenesis, which might result in increased metastasis.^[23]

Evolution

The PDGF family is so closely related to the VEGF family that the two are sometimes grouped together as the PDGF/VEGF family. In invertebrates, molecules from this families are not easily distinguished from each other and are collectively referred to as PVFs (PDGF/VEGF-like growth factors.^[24] The comparison of human VEGFs with these PVFs allows conclusions on the structure of the ancestral molecules, which appear more closely related to today's lymphangiogenic VEGF-C than to the other members of the VEGF family and despite their large evolutionary distance are still able to interact with human VEGF receptors. The PVFs in Drosophila melanogaster have functions for the migration of hemocytes^[25] and the PVFs in the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea for the development of the tentacles and the gastrovascular apparatus.^[26] However, the function of the PVF-1 of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is unknown^[24]

References

^ Paavonen K, Horelli-Kuitunen N, Chilov D, Kukk E, Pennanen S, Kallioniemi OP et al. (Mar 1996). "Novel human vascular endothelial growth factor genes VEGF-B and VEGF-C localize to chromosomes 11q13 and 4q34, respectively". Circulation 93 (6): 1079–1082. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.93.6.1079. PMID 8653826.
^ Joukov V, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A, Chilov D, Lahtinen I, Kukk E et al. (Jan 1996). "A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases". The EMBO Journal 15 (2): 290–298. PMC 449944. PMID 8617204.
^ Oh SJ, Jeltsch MM, Birkenhäger R, McCarthy JE, Weich HA, Christ B et al. (Aug 1997). "VEGF and VEGF-C: specific induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the differentiated avian chorioallantoic membrane". Developmental Biology 188 (1): 96–109. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.863. PMID 9245515.
^ Jeltsch M, Kaipainen A, Joukov V, Meng X, Lakso M, Rauvala H et al. (May 1997). "Hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels in VEGF-C transgenic mice". Science 276 (5317): 1423–1425. doi:10.1126/science.276.5317.1423. PMID 9162011.
^ ^a ^b Tammela T, Zarkada G, Wallgard E, Murtomäki A, Suchting S, Wirzenius M et al. (Jul 2008). "Blocking VEGFR-3 suppresses angiogenic sprouting and vascular network formation". Nature 454 (7204): 656–660. doi:10.1038/nature07083. PMID 18594512.
^ Le Bras B, Barallobre MJ, Homman-Ludiye J, Ny A, Wyns S, Tammela T et al. (Mar 2006). "VEGF-C is a trophic factor for neural progenitors in the vertebrate embryonic brain". Nature Neuroscience 9 (3): 340–348. doi:10.1038/nn1646. PMID 16462734.
^ Machnik A, Neuhofer W, Jantsch J, Dahlmann A, Tammela T, Machura K et al. (May 2009). "Macrophages regulate salt-dependent volume and blood pressure by a vascular endothelial growth factor-C-dependent buffering mechanism". Nature Medicine 15 (5): 545–552. doi:10.1038/nm.1960. PMID 19412173.
^ ^a ^b Joukov V, Sorsa T, Kumar V, Jeltsch M, Claesson-Welsh L, Cao Y et al. (Jul 1997). "Proteolytic processing regulates receptor specificity and activity of VEGF-C". The EMBO Journal 16 (13): 3898–3911. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.13.3898. PMID 9233800.
^ Siegfried G, Basak A, Cromlish JA, Benjannet S, Marcinkiewicz J, Chrétien M et al. (Jun 2003). "The secretory proprotein convertases furin, PC5, and PC7 activate VEGF-C to induce tumorigenesis". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 111 (11): 1723–1732. doi:10.1172/JCI17220. PMID 12782675.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jeltsch M, Jha SK, Tvorogov D, Anisimov A, Leppänen VM, Holopainen T et al. (May 2014). "CCBE1 enhances lymphangiogenesis via A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-3-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-C activation". Circulation 129 (19): 1962–1971. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002779. PMID 24552833.
^ McColl BK, Baldwin ME, Roufail S, Freeman C, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ et al. (Sep 2003). "Plasmin activates the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 198 (6): 863–868. doi:10.1084/jem.20030361. PMC 2194198. PMID 12963694.
^ Achen MG, Jeltsch M, Kukk E, Mäkinen T, Vitali A, Wilks AF et al. (Jan 1998). "Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (2): 548–553. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.548. PMID 9435229.
^ Karkkainen MJ, Haiko P, Sainio K, Partanen J, Taipale J, Petrova TV et al. (Jan 2004). "Vascular endothelial growth factor C is required for sprouting of the first lymphatic vessels from embryonic veins". Nature Immunology 5 (1): 74–80. doi:10.1038/ni1013. PMID 14634646.
^ Baldwin ME, Halford MM, Roufail S, Williams RA, Hibbs ML, Grail D et al. (Mar 2005). "Vascular endothelial growth factor D is dispensable for development of the lymphatic system". Molecular and Cellular Biology 25 (6): 2441–2449. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.6.2441-2449.2005. PMID 15743836.
^ Baldwin ME, Catimel B, Nice EC, Roufail S, Hall NE, Stenvers KL et al. (Jun 2001). "The specificity of receptor binding by vascular endothelial growth factor-d is different in mouse and man". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (22): 19166–19171. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100097200. PMID 11279005.
^ Balboa-Beltran E, Fernández-Seara MJ, Pérez-Muñuzuri A, Lago R, García-Magán C, Couce ML et al. (Jul 2014). "A novel stop mutation in the vascular endothelial growth factor-C gene (VEGFC) results in Milroy-like disease". Journal of Medical Genetics 51 (7): –2013–102020. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102020. PMID 24744435.
^ Enholm B, Karpanen T, Jeltsch M, Kubo H, Stenback F, Prevo R et al. (Mar 2001). "Adenoviral expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C induces lymphangiogenesis in the skin". Circulation Research 88 (6): 623–629. doi:10.1161/01.RES.88.6.623. PMID 11282897.
^ Honkonen KM, Visuri MT, Tervala TV, Halonen PJ, Koivisto M, Lähteenvuo MT et al. (May 2013). "Lymph node transfer and perinodal lymphatic growth factor treatment for lymphedema". Annals of Surgery 257 (5): 961–967. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826ed043. PMID 23013803.
^ Brouillard P, Boon L, Vikkula M (Mar 2014). "Genetics of lymphatic anomalies". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124 (3): 898–904. doi:10.1172/JCI71614. PMID 24590274.
^ Karkkainen MJ, Saaristo A, Jussila L, Karila KA, Lawrence EC, Pajusola K et al. (Oct 2001). "A model for gene therapy of human hereditary lymphedema". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (22): 12677–12682. doi:10.1073/pnas.221449198. PMID 11592985.
^ Herantis Pharma (2014-07-21). "Lymfactin® for lymphedema". Missing or empty |url= (help)
^ Tvorogov D, Anisimov A, Zheng W, Leppänen VM, Tammela T, Laurinavicius S et al. (Dec 2010). "Effective suppression of vascular network formation by combination of antibodies blocking VEGFR ligand binding and receptor dimerization". Cancer Cell 18 (6): 630–640. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.001. PMID 21130043.
^ Mandriota SJ, Jussila L, Jeltsch M, Compagni A, Baetens D, Prevo R et al. (Feb 2001). "Vascular endothelial growth factor-C-mediated lymphangiogenesis promotes tumour metastasis". The EMBO Journal 20 (4): 672–682. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.4.672. PMID 11179212.
^ ^a ^b Tarsitano M, De Falco S, Colonna V, McGhee JD, Persico MG (Feb 2006). "The C. elegans pvf-1 gene encodes a PDGF/VEGF-like factor able to bind mammalian VEGF receptors and to induce angiogenesis". FASEB Journal 20 (2): 227–233. doi:10.1096/fj.05-4147com. PMID 16449794.
^ Heino TI, Kärpänen T, Wahlström G, Pulkkinen M, Eriksson U, Alitalo K et al. (Nov 2001). "The Drosophila VEGF receptor homolog is expressed in hemocytes". Mechanisms of Development 109 (1): 69–77. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00510-X. PMID 11677054.
^ Seipel K, Eberhardt M, Müller P, Pescia E, Yanze N, Schmid V (Oct 2004). "Homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor, VEGF and VEGFR, in the jellyfish Podocoryne carnea". Developmental Dynamics 231 (2): 303–312. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20139. PMID 15366007.

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「血管内皮増殖因子C」

Vascular endothelial growth factor C
	; Rendering based on PDB 2X1W.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2X1W, 2X1X, 4BSK
Identifiers
Symbols	VEGFC ; Flt4-L; VRP
External IDs	OMIM: 601528 MGI: 109124 HomoloGene: 3962 GeneCards: VEGFC Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• protein binding; • growth factor activity; • chemoattractant activity; • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space; • membrane; • platelet alpha granule lumen;
Biological process	• angiogenesis; • positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; • platelet degranulation; • substrate-dependent cell migration; • signal transduction; • blood coagulation; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • organ morphogenesis; • morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium; • platelet activation; • regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation; • response to drug; • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; • negative regulation of blood pressure; • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; • positive regulation of protein secretion; • positive chemotaxis; • induction of positive chemotaxis; • positive regulation of cell division; • positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis; • positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

英: vascular endothelial growth factor C、VEGF-C
関: 血管内皮細胞増殖因子C

「血管内皮細胞増殖因子C」

　　[★]

英: vascular endothelial growth factor C
関: 血管内皮増殖因子C

「VEGF-C」

　　[★]

血管内皮増殖因子C

関: vascular endothelial growth factor C

「C」

　　[★]

炭素 carbon
シトシン cytosine
システイン cysteine
シチジン
セルシウス度摂氏 degrees Celsius degree C
産婦人科領域で「子宮外頚子宮外頚部 exocervix」を表現するための略語

「grow」

　　[★]

v.

(過去: grew-過去分詞: grown)

成長する、生育する、伸びる

関: extend、growth、outgrow、outgrowth、stretch

「vascular」

　　[★]

adj.

(生物・解剖)導管の、脈管の、血管の

関: angio、blood vessel、fibrovascular bundle、vascular bundle、vasculogenic、vein、vessel

「fact」

　　[★]

n.

事実、現状、実際、実態

関: actual、actually、in fact、in practice、indeed、practically

「factor」

　　[★]

n.

因子、要因、要素、ファクター

関: element、elementary、factorial、parameter

[1] Paavonen K, Horelli-Kuitunen N, Chilov D, Kukk E, Pennanen S, Kallioniemi OP et al. (Mar 1996). "Novel human vascular endothelial growth factor genes VEGF-B and VEGF-C localize to chromosomes 11q13 and 4q34, respectively". Circulation 93 (6): 1079–1082. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.93.6.1079. PMID 8653826.

[2] Joukov V, Pajusola K, Kaipainen A, Chilov D, Lahtinen I, Kukk E et al. (Jan 1996). "A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases". The EMBO Journal 15 (2): 290–298. PMC 449944. PMID 8617204.

[3] Oh SJ, Jeltsch MM, Birkenhäger R, McCarthy JE, Weich HA, Christ B et al. (Aug 1997). "VEGF and VEGF-C: specific induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the differentiated avian chorioallantoic membrane". Developmental Biology 188 (1): 96–109. doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.863. PMID 9245515.

[4] Jeltsch M, Kaipainen A, Joukov V, Meng X, Lakso M, Rauvala H et al. (May 1997). "Hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels in VEGF-C transgenic mice". Science 276 (5317): 1423–1425. doi:10.1126/science.276.5317.1423. PMID 9162011.

[ReferenceA-5] Tammela T, Zarkada G, Wallgard E, Murtomäki A, Suchting S, Wirzenius M et al. (Jul 2008). "Blocking VEGFR-3 suppresses angiogenic sprouting and vascular network formation". Nature 454 (7204): 656–660. doi:10.1038/nature07083. PMID 18594512.

[6] Le Bras B, Barallobre MJ, Homman-Ludiye J, Ny A, Wyns S, Tammela T et al. (Mar 2006). "VEGF-C is a trophic factor for neural progenitors in the vertebrate embryonic brain". Nature Neuroscience 9 (3): 340–348. doi:10.1038/nn1646. PMID 16462734.

[7] Machnik A, Neuhofer W, Jantsch J, Dahlmann A, Tammela T, Machura K et al. (May 2009). "Macrophages regulate salt-dependent volume and blood pressure by a vascular endothelial growth factor-C-dependent buffering mechanism". Nature Medicine 15 (5): 545–552. doi:10.1038/nm.1960. PMID 19412173.

[Joukov_1997-8] Joukov V, Sorsa T, Kumar V, Jeltsch M, Claesson-Welsh L, Cao Y et al. (Jul 1997). "Proteolytic processing regulates receptor specificity and activity of VEGF-C". The EMBO Journal 16 (13): 3898–3911. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.13.3898. PMID 9233800.

[9] Siegfried G, Basak A, Cromlish JA, Benjannet S, Marcinkiewicz J, Chrétien M et al. (Jun 2003). "The secretory proprotein convertases furin, PC5, and PC7 activate VEGF-C to induce tumorigenesis". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 111 (11): 1723–1732. doi:10.1172/JCI17220. PMID 12782675.

[Jeltsch_2014-10] Jeltsch M, Jha SK, Tvorogov D, Anisimov A, Leppänen VM, Holopainen T et al. (May 2014). "CCBE1 enhances lymphangiogenesis via A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs-3-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-C activation". Circulation 129 (19): 1962–1971. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002779. PMID 24552833.

[11] McColl BK, Baldwin ME, Roufail S, Freeman C, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ et al. (Sep 2003). "Plasmin activates the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 198 (6): 863–868. doi:10.1084/jem.20030361. PMC 2194198. PMID 12963694.

[12] Achen MG, Jeltsch M, Kukk E, Mäkinen T, Vitali A, Wilks AF et al. (Jan 1998). "Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (Flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (2): 548–553. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.548. PMID 9435229.

[13] Karkkainen MJ, Haiko P, Sainio K, Partanen J, Taipale J, Petrova TV et al. (Jan 2004). "Vascular endothelial growth factor C is required for sprouting of the first lymphatic vessels from embryonic veins". Nature Immunology 5 (1): 74–80. doi:10.1038/ni1013. PMID 14634646.

[14] Baldwin ME, Halford MM, Roufail S, Williams RA, Hibbs ML, Grail D et al. (Mar 2005). "Vascular endothelial growth factor D is dispensable for development of the lymphatic system". Molecular and Cellular Biology 25 (6): 2441–2449. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.6.2441-2449.2005. PMID 15743836.

[15] Baldwin ME, Catimel B, Nice EC, Roufail S, Hall NE, Stenvers KL et al. (Jun 2001). "The specificity of receptor binding by vascular endothelial growth factor-d is different in mouse and man". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (22): 19166–19171. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100097200. PMID 11279005.

[16] Balboa-Beltran E, Fernández-Seara MJ, Pérez-Muñuzuri A, Lago R, García-Magán C, Couce ML et al. (Jul 2014). "A novel stop mutation in the vascular endothelial growth factor-C gene (VEGFC) results in Milroy-like disease". Journal of Medical Genetics 51 (7): –2013–102020. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102020. PMID 24744435.

[17] Enholm B, Karpanen T, Jeltsch M, Kubo H, Stenback F, Prevo R et al. (Mar 2001). "Adenoviral expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C induces lymphangiogenesis in the skin". Circulation Research 88 (6): 623–629. doi:10.1161/01.RES.88.6.623. PMID 11282897.

[18] Honkonen KM, Visuri MT, Tervala TV, Halonen PJ, Koivisto M, Lähteenvuo MT et al. (May 2013). "Lymph node transfer and perinodal lymphatic growth factor treatment for lymphedema". Annals of Surgery 257 (5): 961–967. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826ed043. PMID 23013803.

[19] Brouillard P, Boon L, Vikkula M (Mar 2014). "Genetics of lymphatic anomalies". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124 (3): 898–904. doi:10.1172/JCI71614. PMID 24590274.

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リンク元	「血管内皮増殖因子C」「血管内皮細胞増殖因子C」「VEGF-C」
関連記事	「C」「grow」「vascular」「fact」「factor」

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vascular endothelial growth factor C