WordNet

very bad in degree or extent; "a severe worldwide depression"; "the house suffered severe damage"
unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility"- H.G.Wells; "a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien"; "a strict disciplinarian"; "a Spartan upbringing" (同)spartan
intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality; "severe pain"; "a severe case of flu"; "a terrible cough"; "under wicked fire from the enemys guns"; "a wicked cough" (同)terrible, wicked
of critical importance and consequence; "an acute (or critical) lack of research funds"
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions; "an acute observer of politics and politicians"; "incisive comments"; "icy knifelike reasoning"; "as sharp and incisive as the stroke of a fang"; "penetrating insight"; "frequent penetrative observations" (同)discriminating, incisive, keen, knifelike, penetrating, penetrative, piercing, sharp
extremely sharp or intense; "acute pain"; "felt acute annoyance"; "intense itching and burning" (同)intense
having or experiencing a rapid onset and short but severe course; "acute appendicitis"; "the acute phase of the illness"; "acute patients"
of an angle; less than 90 degrees
set or keep apart; "sever a relationship" (同)break_up
detached by cutting; "cut flowers"; "a severed head"; "an old tale of Anne Bolyn walking the castle walls with her poor cut-off head under her arm" (同)cut_off
inflammation of the pancreas; usually marked by abdominal pain

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人・法律などが)『厳しい』,厳格な / (態度・表情が)厳粛な,いかめしい / (病気などが)『重い』,危険な / (様式・趣味などが)簡素な,じみな,飾りのない / (人の体に)厳しくこたえる,激しい / (試験などが)難しい,厳しい
(先の)『鋭い』,とがった / (痛み・感情などが)『激しい』,強い / (知力・感覚などが)『鋭い』,鋭敏な / (事態が)重大な / (病気が)急性の / (音が)高い,鋭い / 鋭角の
(全体から)…‘を'切断する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (いくつかの部分に)…‘を'分ける《+『名』+『in』(『into』)+『名』》 / 〈関係など〉‘を'断つ / 切れる,分かれる,分裂する

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 急性膵炎のマネージメントmanagement of acute pancreatitis [show details]
… refeeding in patients with acute pancreatitis . Enteral feeding rather than parenteral nutrition is recommended in patients with moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis who cannot tolerate oral …
2. 急性膵炎の重症度予測predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis [show details]
…divided into the following: Mild acute pancreatitis which is characterized by the absence of organ failure and local or systemic complications; Moderately severe acute pancreatitis which is characterized by …
3. 急性膵炎の臨床症状および診断clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute pancreatitis [show details]
…following: Mild acute pancreatitis, which is characterized by the absence of organ failure and local or systemic complications; Moderately severe acute pancreatitis, which is characterized by transient …
4. 高トリグリセリド血症による急性膵炎hypertriglyceridemia induced acute pancreatitis [show details]
…severity of acute pancreatitis . In a retrospective study of 1539 patients with acute pancreatitis in which 461 (30 percent) had elevated triglyceride levels, the rates of severe acute pancreatitis increased …
5. 急性膵炎の発症機序pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis [show details]
…the gut in acute pancreatitis can be lethal. Local bacterial infection of pancreatic and peripancreatic tissues occurs in approximately 30 percent of patients with severe acute pancreatitis, potentially …

English Journal

Effects and mechanisms of alveolar type II epithelial cell apoptosis in severe pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury.

Liu G1, Zhang J1, Chen H1, Wang C1, Qiu Y2, Liu Y2, Wan J2, Guo H2.Author information 1Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.2Central Laboratory, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.AbstractThis study aimed to examine the role of alveolar type II epithelial cell (AEC II) apoptosis in severe pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the intervening role of Qingyi decoction (QYT). An SAP model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to observe the pathological changes in the pancreas and lung tissue. AEC II apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the free Ca2+ concentration in AECs II was determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. A radioimmunoassay was performed to determine serum TNF-α content. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax and caspase-8 in the lung tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung tissue sections in the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group showed pathological changes from control tissue, consistent with acute lung injury (ALI). Flow cytometry showed that the level of AEC II apoptosis in the SAP group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that the free Ca2+ concentration in the AECs II of the SAP group was also significantly increased compared with that in the control (P<0.01). Radioimmunoassay demonstrated that the TNF-α levels were significantly increased in the SAP group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01), and qPCR results showed that the levels of Bax and caspase-8 apoptotic gene expression in the AECs II of the SAP group were significantly elevated (P<0.01). The aforementioned indicators were significantly lower following drug treatment compared with the levels observed in the SAP model group. These results suggest that AEC II apoptosis is involved in the ALI procedure associated with SAP. The mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway may have key regulatory roles in AEC II apoptosis. The use of QYT may significantly reduce the extent of lung injury.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine.Exp Ther Med.2014 Mar;7(3):565-572. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
This study aimed to examine the role of alveolar type II epithelial cell (AEC II) apoptosis in severe pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the intervening role of Qingyi decoction (QYT). An SAP model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted
PMID 24520246

Issues in hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: an update.

Scherer J, Singh VP, Pitchumoni CS, Yadav D.Author information *Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA †Division of Gastroenterology, St. Peters University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ.AbstractHypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-established but underestimated cause of acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis. The clinical presentation of HTG-induced pancreatitis (HTG pancreatitis) is similar to other causes. Pancreatitis secondary to HTG is typically seen in the presence of one or more secondary factors (uncontrolled diabetes, alcoholism, medications, pregnancy) in a patient with an underlying common genetic abnormality of lipoprotein metabolism (familial combined hyperlipidemia or familial HTG). Less commonly, a patient with rare genetic abnormality (familial chylomicronemic syndrome) with or without an additional secondary factor is encountered. The risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with serum triglycerides >1000 and >2000 mg/dL is ∼5% and 10% to 20%, respectively. It is not clear whether HTG pancreatitis is more severe than when it is due to other causes. Clinical management of HTG pancreatitis is similar to that of other causes. Insulin infusion in diabetic patients with HTG can rapidly reduce triglyceride (TG) levels. Use of apheresis is still experimental and better designed studies are needed to clarify its role in the management of HTG pancreatitis. Diet, lifestyle changes, and control of secondary factors are key to the treatment, and medications are useful adjuncts to the long-term management of TG levels. Control of TG levels to 500 mg/dL or less can effectively prevent recurrences of pancreatitis.
Journal of clinical gastroenterology.J Clin Gastroenterol.2014 Mar;48(3):195-203. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000436438.60145.5a.
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-established but underestimated cause of acute pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis. The clinical presentation of HTG-induced pancreatitis (HTG pancreatitis) is similar to other causes. Pancreatitis secondary to HTG is typically seen in the presence of on
PMID 24172179

Short-term continuous high-volume hemofiltration on clinical outcomes of severe acute pancreatitis.

Guo J, Huang W, Yang XN, Jin T, Altaf K, Javed MA, Lin ZQ, Huang ZW, Xue P, Johnstone M, Sutton R, Xia Q.Author information From the *Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Avenue, Chengdu, China; and †National Institute for Health Research Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.AbstractOBJECTIVES: This study aimed to conduct a single-center prospective trial of short-term continuous high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Pancreas.Pancreas.2014 Mar;43(2):250-4. doi: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000437321.06857.fc.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to conduct a single-center prospective trial of short-term continuous high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).METHODS: Patients with acute pancreatitis with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores of g
PMID 24518504