WordNet

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection (同)febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness
intense nervous anticipation; "in a fever of resentment"
highly excited; "a fevered imagination"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉《しばしばa fever》(身体の異常な)『熱』,発熱 / 〈U〉『熱病』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に対する)『興奮』,熱狂《+『for』+『名』》
(比較変化なし)《名詞の前にのみ用いて》熱のある,熱病にかかった / 熱にうかされたような,興奮した / (憎しみなどが)異常に強い

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/18 17:43:31」(JST)

wiki en

Adenovirus infections most commonly cause illness of the respiratory system; however, depending on the infecting serotype, they may also cause various other illnesses and presentations.

Resultant illnesses and presentations[edit]

Apart from respiratory involvement, illnesses and presentations of adenovirus include gastroenteritis,^[1] conjunctivitis, cystitis, and rash illness. Symptoms of respiratory illness caused by adenovirus infection range from the common cold syndrome to pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis. Patients with compromised immune systems are especially susceptible to severe complications of adenovirus infection. Acute respiratory disease (ARD), first recognized among military recruits during World War II, can be caused by adenovirus infections during conditions of crowding and stress.

Pharyngoconjunctival fever[edit]

Pharyngoconjunctival fever is a specific presentation of adenovirus infection, manifested as:

high fever that lasts 4-5 days
pharyngitis (sore throat)
conjunctivitis (inflamed eyes, usually without pus formation like pink eye)
enlargement of the lymph nodes of the neck
headache, malaise, and weakness
Incubation period of 5-9 days

It usually occurs in the age group 5-18. It is often found in summer camps and during the spring and fall in schools. In Japan, the illness is commonly referred to as "pool fever" as it is often spread via public swimming pools.

Serotype-specific features[edit]

Although epidemiologic characteristics of the adenoviruses vary by type, all are transmitted by direct contact, fecal-oral transmission, and occasionally waterborne transmission. Some types are capable of establishing persistent asymptomatic infections in tonsils, adenoids, and intestines of infected hosts, and shedding can occur for months or years. Some adenoviruses (e.g., serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 6) have been shown to be endemic in parts of the world where they have been studied, and infection is usually acquired during childhood. Other types cause sporadic infection and occasional outbreaks; for example, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is associated with adenovirus serotypes 8, 19, and 37. Epidemics of febrile disease with conjunctivitis are associated with waterborne transmission of some adenovirus types, often centering around inadequately chlorinated swimming pools and small lakes. ARD is most often associated with adenovirus types 4 and 7 in the United States. Enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 cause gastroenteritis, usually in children. For some adenovirus serotypes, the clinical spectrum of disease associated with infection varies depending on the site of infection; for example, infection with adenovirus 7 acquired by inhalation is associated with severe lower respiratory tract disease, whereas oral transmission of the virus typically causes no or mild disease. Outbreaks of adenovirus-associated respiratory disease have been more common in the late winter, spring, and early summer; however, adenovirus infections can occur throughout the year.^[2]

"Ad14 (for adenovirus serotype 14), has caused at least 140 illnesses in New York, Oregon, Texas and Washington, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The illness made headlines in Texas in September, when a so-called "boot camp flu" sickened hundreds at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio. A 19-year-old trainee died."^[3]

Several adenoviruses, especially adenovirus serotype 36 (Adv36), have been shown to cause obesity in animals, and are associated with human obesity.^[4]^[5]

Diagnosis[edit]

Antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation, and serology can be used to identify adenovirus infections. Adenovirus typing is usually accomplished by hemagglutination-inhibition and/or neutralization with type-specific antisera. Since adenovirus can be excreted for prolonged periods, the presence of virus does not necessarily mean it is associated with disease.

Treatment[edit]

Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment. Because there is no virus-specific therapy, serious adenovirus illness can be managed only by treating symptoms and complications of the infection. Deaths are exceedingly rare but have been reported.^[6]

Prevention[edit]

Safe and effective adenovirus vaccines were developed for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7, but were available only for preventing ARD among US military recruits,^[7] and production stopped in 1996.^[8] Strict attention to good infection-control practices is effective for stopping nosocomial outbreaks of adenovirus-associated disease, such as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Maintaining adequate levels of chlorination is necessary for preventing swimming pool-associated outbreaks of adenovirus conjunctivitis.

Prognosis[edit]

Adenovirus can cause severe necrotizing pneumonia in which all or part of a lung has increased translucency radiographically, which is called Swyer-James Syndrome.^[9] Severe adenovirus pneumonia also may result in bronchiolitis obliterans, a subacute inflammatory process in which the small airways are replaced by scar tissue, resulting in a reduction in lung volume and lung compliance.^[9]

References[edit]

^ Wadell G. et al. (1987). Whelan, Julie; Bock, Gregory, ed. Novel diarrhoea viruses. New York: Wiley. p. 63. ISBN 0-471-91094-5.
^ This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/eadfeat.htm".
^ nytimes article New Form of Virus Has Caused 10 Deaths in 18 Months published November 16, 2007
^ Obesity Research
^ jn.nutrition.org
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). "Two fatal cases of adenovirus-related illness in previously healthy young adults—Illinois, 2000". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 (26): 553–5. PMID 11456329.
^ Gray GC. (2006). "Adenovirus transmission—worthy of our attention". J Infect Dis 194 (7): 871–3. doi:10.1086/507435. PMC 1673215. PMID 16960772.
^ Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD, et al. (2000). "Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics". Clin Infect Dis 31 (3): 663–70. doi:10.1086/313999. PMID 11017812.
^ ^a ^b Kliegman, Robert; Richard M Kliegman (2006). Nelson essentials of pediatrics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-8089-2325-0.

External links[edit]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention--National Center for Infectious Diseases--Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. アデノウイルス感染の疫学および臨床症状 epidemiology and clinical manifestations of adenovirus infection
2. アデノウイルス感染の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of adenovirus infection
3. 小児および思春期における急性感染性咽頭炎の診断へのアプローチ approach to diagnosis of acute infectious pharyngitis in children and adolescents
4. 小児における咽喉痛の評価 evaluation of sore throat in children
5. 小児における感冒：臨床的特徴および診断 the common cold in children clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

Recent advances in the development of vaccines for Ebola virus disease.

Ohimain EI1.
Virus research.Virus Res.2016 Jan 4;211:174-85. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.021. Epub 2015 Oct 24.
Ebola virus is one of the most dangerous microorganisms in the world causing hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic infection, which emerges and re-emerges in human populations. The 2014 outbreak was caused by the Zaire strain, which has a kill rate of
PMID 26596227

Human bocavirus in acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil.

Campos GS1, Silva Sampaio ML1, Menezes AD1, Tigre DM1, Moura Costa LF1, Chinalia FA1, Sardi SI1.
Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2016 Jan;88(1):166-70. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24293. Epub 2015 Jun 25.
Epidemiological surveillance for Human Bocavirus (HBoV) was conducted on 105 fecal specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis in Bahia, Brazil. Among of a total 105 stool samples, 44 samples were positive for HBoV as detected by nested-PCR. Of the 44 positive samples, co-infections with othe
PMID 26059266

Breakthrough Virus Neutralization Resistance as a Correlate of Protection in a Nonhuman Primate Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Challenge Study.

Lee FH1, Mason R2, Welles H2, Learn GH1, Keele BF3, Roederer M2, Bar KJ4.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2015 Dec 15;89(24):12388-400. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01531-15. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Comprehensive assessments of immune correlates of protection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trials are essential to vaccine design. Neutralization sieve analysis compares the neutralization sensitivity of the breakthrough transmitted/founder (TF) viruses from vaccinated and control an
PMID 26423953

Japanese Journal

Isolation of an Intertypic Recombinant Human Adenovirus (Candidate Type 56) from the Pharyngeal Swab of a Patient with Pharyngoconjunctival Fever

Enomoto Miki,Okafuji Teruo,Okafuji Takao [他],Chikahira Masatsugu,Konagaya Masami,Hanaoka Nozomu,Adhikary Arun Kumar,Takai Denshi,Sugawara Tamie,Hayashi Yoshitake,Oishi Kazunori,Fujimoto Tsuguto
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 65(5), 457-459, 2012
NAID 130001931863

青森県における咽頭結膜熱及びその他の定点把握疾患の発生状況について (2008年度青森県保健医療福祉研究発表会抄録--テーマ「青森から発信する保健・医療・福祉実践のためのエビデンス」)

武沼浩子,三上稔之
青森県立保健大学雑誌 10(1), 83-85, 2009-06
NAID 120002208607

青森県における咽頭結膜熱の発生状況

武沼浩子,三上稔之
青森県環境保健センター研究報告 (19), 27-30, 2008
NAID 40016556510

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「結膜炎」「咽頭結膜熱」「PCF」

「結膜炎」

Adenovirus infection
	Classification and external resources
ICD-10	B97.0
MeSH	D000257

　　[★]

英: conjunctivitis
関: 結膜

see. マイナーエマージェンシー第1版 p.65 SOP.174

概念

結膜に起こる炎症疾患の総称。

病原体と特徴

ウイルス性結膜炎

病原体：アデノウイルス、エンテロウイルス、単純ヘルペスウイルス、インフルエンザウイルス、水痘・帯状疱疹ウイルス、風疹ウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、EBウイルス。
治療法：対症療法。単純ヘルペスに対してはアシクロビル眼軟膏。
症状：透明な滲出液、耳介前リンパ節腫脹、結膜濾胞

細菌性結膜炎

症状：黄白色の眼脂、軽度疼痛

結膜炎をきたす疾患

SOP.175

	疾患名			病原体	潜伏期	病型	症状、経過
感染性結膜炎	流行性角結膜炎	epidemic keratoconjunctivitis	はやりめ	アデノウイルス8,19,37型(ときに4型)	7-14日	急性濾胞性結膜炎	眼脂、流涙、羞明。眼瞼腫瘤、結膜充血、浮腫、結膜の小出血斑。耳前リンパ節の腫脹と圧痛。2-4週間で消退。発症後10日後に角膜に点状上皮化混濁。
	咽頭結膜熱	pharyngoconjunctival fever	プール熱	アデノウイルス3型(ときに4,7型)	5-6日	急性結膜炎	急性結膜炎、咽頭炎、発熱。点状上皮化混濁は少ない。
	急性出血性結膜炎	acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis		エンテロウイルス70型	1日	球結膜下出血。眼球は浮腫状、結膜充血、濾胞形成は軽度。耳前リンパ節腫脹軽度。発症より3-4日にびまん性の多発性びらん。眼痛、異物感、羞明。約1週間で治癒。罹患後2,3週間後に四肢の弛緩性の運動麻痺や脳神経麻痺があり得る。
	トラコーマ	trachoma
	封入体結膜炎	inclusion conjunctivitis
	新生児封入体結膜炎	neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis
	細菌性結膜炎	bacterial conjunctivitis
	淋菌性結膜炎	gonococcal conjunctivitis
	新生児膿漏眼	blennorrhea of the newborn
アレルギー性結膜疾患	アレルギー性結膜炎	allergic conjunctivitis
アレルギー性結膜疾患	春季カタル	vernal conjunctivitis
その他の結膜炎	フリクテン性結膜炎	phlyctenular conjunctivitis	束状結膜炎
	慢性濾胞性結膜炎	chronic follicular conjunctivitis
	Stevens-Johnson症候群	Stevens-Johnson syndrome
	眼類天疱瘡	ocular pemphigoid
	結膜弛緩症	conjunctivochalasis

「咽頭結膜熱」

　　[★]

英: pharyngoconjunctival fever, PCF
同: プール熱、プール性結膜炎, swimming-pool conjunctivitis, pool conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis piscinalis
関: 学校伝染病

病原体：アデノウイルス
疫学：通年。プールを介して流行するものは当然夏季が多い。
症状：発熱、咽頭炎、結膜炎
感染経路：飛沫感染？、接触感染、水を媒介して(プール)
学校保健安全法施行規則：第二種。出席停止は主要症状が消退した後二日を経過するまで
感染症法：五類感染症(小児科定点)　　⇔　　五類感染症眼科定点なのは急性出血性結膜炎と流行性角結膜炎

流行性角結膜炎、咽頭結膜熱、急性出血性結膜炎の比較

		俗称	病原体	好発年齢	季節性	潜伏期	症状	感染症法	学校保健安全法	出席停止
流行性角結膜炎	EKC	はやり目	アデノウイルス8型	なし	春～夏	1-2週間	漿液性の目脂、流涙、羞明。乳幼児では発熱、感冒様症状、下痢、眼瞼結膜に偽膜形成。眼瞼：腫脹。結膜：充血、浮腫、結膜の小出血斑。角膜：(発症約10日後)点状上皮下混濁。リンパ節：耳前リンパ節腫脹	五類感染症(眼科定点)	第三類	医師が感染のおそれがないと認めるまで
咽頭結膜熱	PCF	プール熱	アデノウイルス3,4,7型	小児	夏(基本的に通年)	1週間	発熱、咽頭炎、結膜炎	五類感染症(小児科定点)	第二種	出席停止は主要症状が消退した後二日を経過するまで
急性出血性結膜炎	AHC		コクサッキーウイルスA群24型、エンテロウイルス70型	成人	なし	1-2日	結膜下出血を伴う急性濾胞性結膜炎	五類感染症(眼科定点)	第三類	医師が感染のおそれがないと認めるまで

「PCF」

　　[★] 咽頭結膜熱 pharyngoconjunctival fever

[isbn0-471-91094-5-1] Wadell G. et al. (1987). Whelan, Julie; Bock, Gregory, ed. Novel diarrhoea viruses. New York: Wiley. p. 63. ISBN 0-471-91094-5.

[2] This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/eadfeat.htm".

[3] ytimes article New Form of Virus Has Caused 10 Deaths in 18 Months published November 16, 2007

[4] Obesity Research

[5] .nutrition.org

[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). "Two fatal cases of adenovirus-related illness in previously healthy young adults—Illinois, 2000". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 50 (26): 553–5. PMID 11456329.

[7] Gray GC. (2006). "Adenovirus transmission—worthy of our attention". J Infect Dis 194 (7): 871–3. doi:10.1086/507435. PMC 1673215. PMID 16960772.

[8] Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD, et al. (2000). "Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics". Clin Infect Dis 31 (3): 663–70. doi:10.1086/313999. PMID 11017812.

[isbn0-8089-2325-0-9] Kliegman, Robert; Richard M Kliegman (2006). Nelson essentials of pediatrics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-8089-2325-0.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

pharyngoconjunctival fever