出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/11 14:20:29」(JST)
| Steatohepatitis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
Micrograph of steatohepatitis. Liver biopsy. Trichrome stain
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| ICD-10 | K70.1, K76.0 |
| ICD-9 | 571.0, 571.8 |
| DiseasesDB | 29786 |
| eMedicine | article/170539 |
| MeSH | C06.552.241 |
Steatohepatitis (also known as fatty liver disease) is a type of liver disease, characterized by inflammation of the liver with concurrent fat accumulation in liver ("steato", meaning fat, "hepatitis", meaning inflammation of the liver). More deposition of fat in the liver is termed steatosis, and together these constitute fatty liver changes.
Classically seen in alcoholics as part of alcoholic liver disease, steatohepatitis also is frequently found in people with diabetes and obesity and it is related to metabolic syndrome. When not associated with excessive alcohol intake, it is referred to as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH and is the progressive form of the relatively benign non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.[1] Steatohepatitis of either etiology may progress to cirrhosis, and NASH is now believed to be a frequent cause of unexplained cirrhosis (at least in Western societies). NASH is also associated with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.
Steatohepatitis is characterized microscopically by hepatic fat accumulation (steatosis), mixed lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes (sometimes with identifiable Mallory bodies), glycogenated hepatocyte nuclei, and pericellular fibrosis. The "chicken wire" pattern of the pericellular fibrosis, which affects portal areas only secondarily in later stages, is very characteristic and is identified on trichrome stains.
Recent studies suggest diet, exercise, and antiglycemic drugs may alter the course of the disease. A randomized controlled trial found, "pioglitazone led to metabolic and histologic improvement in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis".[2]
As of 2007, no treatment has yet emerged as the "gold standard". General recommendations include improving metabolic risk factors and reducing alcohol intake.[3] However, vitamin E can improve some symptoms of NASH and was superior to insulin sensitizer in one large study. In the Pioglitazone versus Vitamin E versus Placebo for the Treatment of Nondiabetic Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (PIVENS) trial, for patients with NASH but without diabetes mellitus, the use of very high dosages of vitamin E (800 IU/day) for four years was associated with a significantly higher rate of improvement than placebo (43% vs. 19%) in the primary outcome. The primary outcome was an improvement in certain histological features as measured by biopsy, but it did not improve fibrosis. Pioglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, improved some features of NASH, but not the primary outcome, and resulted in a significant weight gain (mean 4.7 kilograms) which persisted after pioglitazone was discontinued.[4]
A retrospective cohort study concluded, "liver failure is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in NASH-associated cirrhosis. The prognosis is either similar or less severe than HCV-cirrhosis."[5]
NASH was first described in 1980 in a series of patients of the Mayo Clinic.[6] Its relevance and high prevalence were recognized mainly in the 1990s. Some think NASH is a diagnosis of exclusion, and many cases may be in fact be due to other causes.[7]
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| リンク元 | 「非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎」「病理学」「NASH」 |
| 関連記事 | 「alcoholic」「alcoholics」「n」「alcoholic steatohepatitis」「alcohol」 |
非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎 : 約 28,100 件 非アルコール性脂肪肝炎 : 約 23,800 件
[★] 非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis nonalcoholic steatohepatitis