WordNet

a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides (同)cube
(computer science) a sector or group of sectors that function as the smallest data unit permitted; "since blocks are often defined as a single sector, the terms `block and `sector are sometimes used interchangeably"
support, secure, or raise with a block; "block a plate for printing"; "block the wheels of a car"
a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks"
housing in a large building that is divided into separate units; "there is a block of classrooms in the west wing"
a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings; "he lives in the next block" (同)city block
an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block" (同)mental_block
a number or quantity of related things dealt with as a unit; "he reserved a large block of seats"; "he held a large block of the companys stock"
interrupt the normal function of by means of anesthesia; "block a nerve"; "block a muscle"
run on a block system; "block trains"
shape by using a block; "Block a hat"; "block a garment"
shape into a block or blocks; "block the graphs so one can see the results clearly"
stamp or emboss a title or design on a book with a block; "block the book cover"
a class of drugs that inhibit (block) some biological process (同)blocking_agent
a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play
an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons

PrepTutorEJDIC

(木・石などの,通例平らな面のある)『かたまり』 / 《米》(四団を街路に囲まれた)『区画』,街区 / 街区の1辺の距離(一般に40メートル前後) / 《英》ブロック(アパート・事務所・商店などに区切られている大きな建物) / 『妨害物』,障害物(obstacle);(障害によって生じた)停滞,渋滞 / 台木,台(まないた・肉切り台・まき割り台・せり売り台・帽子の木型など);《the~》炭頭台 / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)ブロック(相手の選手の突進を阻止する) / 滑車(pulley) / (座席券・株券などの)一組《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈通路など〉'を'『ふさぐ』,〈通行・進行など〉'を'妨げる / 〈帽子など〉の型取りをする / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)〈相手選手の突進〉'を'ブロックする;(ボクシングで)〈相手のパンチ〉'を'ブロックする
神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/24 09:15:10」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A ganglionic blocker (or ganglioplegic) is a type of medication that inhibits postganglionic transmission, primarily by acting as a nicotinic antagonist.^[1]

Because ganglionic blockers block the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system, the effect of these drugs depends upon the dominant tone in the organ system.^[2]

Examples [edit]

The first ganglion-blocker to be used clinically was tetraethylammonium, although it was soon superseded by better drugs.^[3] Other examples include hexamethonium, pentolinium, mecamylamine, trimetaphan, and pempidine.

Others include:^[4]

benzohexonium
chlorisondamine
pentamine

Uses [edit]

Ganglionic blockers are used less frequently now than they were in the past, because more selective agents are now available. However, they are still used in some emergency situations, such as aortic dissection or autonomic dysreflexia.

Side-Effects [edit]

Cardiovascular: Orthostatic(postural) hypotension, Tachycardia
GIT: Dry-mouth, GIT atony,urine retention, digestive problems
Sexual Dysfunction: Failure of erection and ejaculation

References [edit]

^ Ganglionic blockers at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ "PHARMACOLOGY OF GANGLIONIC TRANSMISSION, 1998". Archived from the original on 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
^ Drill's Pharmacology in Medicine, 4th Ed. (1971). J. R. DiPalma (Ed.), pp. 723-724, New York: McGraw-Hill.
^ MeSH list of agents 82005730

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Role of spinal metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in pudendal inhibition of the nociceptive bladder reflex in cats.

Reese JN1, Rogers MJ1, Xiao Z2, Shen B1, Wang J1, Schwen Z1, Roppolo JR3, de Groat WC3, Tai C4.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2015 Apr 15;308(8):F832-8. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00623.2014. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
This study examined the role of spinal metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the nociceptive C-fiber afferent-mediated spinal bladder reflex and in the inhibtion of this reflex by pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS). In α-chloralose-anesthetized cats after spinal cord transection at the T9/T10
PMID 25673810

Mechanisms and environmental factors that underlying the intensification of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)-induced serotonin syndrome in rats.

Tao R1, Shokry IM, Callanan JJ, Adams HD, Ma Z.
Psychopharmacology.Psychopharmacology (Berl).2015 Apr;232(7):1245-60. doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3759-z. Epub 2014 Oct 11.
RATIONALE: Illicit use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) may cause a mild or severe form of the serotonin syndrome. The syndrome intensity is not just influenced by drug doses but also by environmental factors.OBJECTIVES: Warm environmental temperatures and physical activity are f
PMID 25300903

A non-human primate model for investigating drug-induced risk of orthostatic hypotension and sympathetic dysfunction: Preclinical correlate to a clinical test.

Bhatt S1, Foote S2, Smith A2, Butler P2, Steidl-Nichols J2.
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods.J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods.2015 Mar 31;73:49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.03.003. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: Drug induced orthostatic hypotension (OH) is an important clinical concern and can be an unexpected hurdle during drug development. OH is defined as an abnormal decrease in blood pressure (BP) triggered by a rapid postural change. The sympathetic nervous system is critical for controll
PMID 25837852

Japanese Journal

Nicotine Potentiates the Electrical Field Stimulation-Evoked Contraction of Non-Pregnant Rabbit Myometrium

, , , , ,
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 211(2), 187-193, 2007
… Indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker, inhibited nicotine-induced increase in EFS-evoked responses, whereas other chemicals produced no effect. …
NAID 130004459533

Is Compensatory Vasoconstrictor Tone in the Hindquarter Vascular Region Induced by Hemorrhage in Conscious Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats?

, , [他], ,
The Japanese journal of pharmacology 85(1), 109-113, 2001-01-01
… The decrease in HQR induced by the administration of a ganglionic blocker (C6; …
NAID 10007119696

Non-effect of Hexamethonium, a Ganglionic Blocker, on the Response of Ileal Apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA Following a Massive Small Bowel Resection in Rats

, ,
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 64(6), 1282-1284, 2000-06-23
… An intravenous infusion of hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker, did not affect the increase in the apolipoprotein A-IV mRNA level in the residual ileum following a massive small bowel resection in unrestrained conscious rats. …
NAID 110002680083

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「自律神経節遮断薬」「ganglion blocker」「ganglionic blocking agent」
拡張検索	「depolarizing ganglionic blocker」
関連記事	「block」「blocker」「ganglionic」