forebrain

前脳 　

WordNet

1. the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube (同)prosencephalon

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/21 23:24:02」(JST)

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Brain: Prosencephalon (Forebrain)
Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures.
Gray's	subject #189, p.741
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1509

In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the prosencephalon (or forebrain) is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain. The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain) are the three primary portions of the brain during early development of the central nervous system. It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions.

At the five-vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon (prethalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and pretectum) and the telencephalon (cerebrum). The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex, underlying white matter, and the basal ganglia.

By 5 weeks in utero, it is visible as a single portion toward the front of the fetus. At 8 weeks in utero, the prosencephalon splits into the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly.

Additional images

• Embryo between eighteen and twenty-one days.

• Head of chick embryo of about thirty-eight hours’ incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26

See also

• List of regions in the human brain

External links

• NIF Search - Forebrain via the Neuroscience Information Framework

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 無脳症 anencephaly
• 2. 顔面裂および全前脳胞症 facial clefts and holoprosencephaly
• 3. 先天性奇形に対するアプローチ approach to congenital malformations
• 4. 視床下部下垂体軸 hypothalamic pituitary axis
• 5. エストロゲンと認知機能 estrogen and cognitive function

English Journal

• General visceral and gustatory connections of the posterior thalamic nucleus of goldfish.

• Kato T, Yamada Y, Yamamoto N.SourceLaboratory of Fish Biology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
• The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2011 Oct 15;519(15):3102-23. doi: 10.1002/cne.22669.
• Fiber connections of the posterior thalamic nucleus were studied in goldfish. Tracer injections into the rostral part of posterior thalamic nucleus labeled somata and terminals in the medial subnucleus of commissural nucleus of Cajal, secondary general visceral nucleus, a nucleus tentatively identif
• PMID 21618226

• Erythropoietin prevents secondary brain injury induced by cortical lesion in mice: possible involvement of Nrf2 signaling pathway.

• Jin W, Kong J, Lu T, Wang H, Ni H, Wu J, Dai Y, Jiang J, Liang W.SourceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
• Annals of clinical and laboratory science.Ann Clin Lab Sci.2011 Fall;41(1):25-32.
• Erythropoietin (EPO) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects against traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The signaling pathway of an antioxidant transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been shown in our previous studies t
• PMID 21325251

Japanese Journal

• Continuous neurogenesis in the adult forebrain is required for innate olfactory responses.

• Sakamoto Masayuki,Imayoshi Itaru,Ohtsuka Toshiyuki,Yamaguchi Masahiro,Mori Kensaku,Kageyama Ryoichiro
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011-05-02
• … In these mice, tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase allows the NSE (Eno2) gene to drive DTA expression in differentiating neurons, leading to the efficient ablation of newly born neurons in the forebrain. …
• NAID 120003001324

• ラットがレバーを押し続ける行動にニコチンが及ぼす影響と衝動性について

• 室田 尚哉,宮田 久嗣,澤 幸祐
• 専修人間科学論集.心理学篇 = Bulletin of Senshu University School of Human Sciences. Psychology 1, 71-79, 2011-03-15
• … In this paradigm, rats were required to keep pressing a lever for 4 seconds to obtain electrical stimulation of medial forebrain bundle, and to release the lever to begin next trial once they obtained electrical stimulation. …
• NAID 120003043244

Related Links

• Brain Explorer - Brain Atlas - Forebrain

The forebrain forebrain is the largest part of the brain, most of which is made up of the cerebrum cerebrum . Other important structures found in the forebrain include the thalamus thalamus , the hypothalamus hypothalamus ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「脳」「大脳」「前脳」「菱脳」
拡張検索	「medial forebrain bundle」「median forebrain bundle」「basal forebrain」「magnocellular basal forebrain nuclei」

「脳」

　　[★]

英

brain

ラ

encephalon

関

大脳、ブロードマン野

発生学

前脳	prosencephalon forebrain	終脳	telencephalon	大脳半球	cerebral hemisphere
		間脳	diencephalon	間脳	diencephalon
中脳	mesencephalon midbrain	中脳	mesencephalon	中脳	midbrain
菱脳	rhombencephalon hindbrain	後脳	metencephalon	橋	pons
				小脳	cerebellum
		髄脳	myelencephalon	延髄	medulla oblongata

解剖

• 重量：成人の場合体重の2.2%。2-3%ともいわれる。

新生児：約400g、成人：男性約1,350g、女性：約1,250g

脳幹に着目した分類

• 大脳、小脳、脳幹(中脳・橋・延髄)

発生学

• 外胚葉

生理学

• 脳血流量：心拍出量の15%　(心拍出量が5Lとしたら、毎分750ml灌流している事になる)
• 脳の酸素消費量：全身の消費量の20%
• 脳のグルコース消費量：全身の消費量の25%。1日100-150g(SCN.3)
• 血流限界：3分　⇔心臓は10分(see:窒息)

神経内科プリント

	脳での需要量	割合
血液	700～900 ml/分	心拍出量の	約15%
酸素	40～46 ml/分	全身需要量の	約20%
グルコース	310 μmol/分	全身需要量の	約25%

「大脳」

　　[★]

英

cerebrum

関

脳、ブロードマン野

感覚野、運動野

• 身体各部局在　→

発生学

前脳	prosencephalon forebrain	終脳	telencephalon	大脳半球	cerebral hemisphere
		間脳	diencephalon	間脳	diencephalon
中脳	mesencephalon midbrain	中脳	mesencephalon	中脳	midbrain
菱脳	rhombencephalon hindbrain	後脳	metencephalon	橋	pons
				小脳	cerebellum
		髄脳	myelencephalon	延髄	medulla oblongata

機能障害

	優位半球	劣位半球
	左	右
側頭葉	感覚性失語、Wernicke失語、同名性上1/4半盲
頭頂葉	対側の感覚
	ゲルストマン症候群(手指失認、左右識別障害、失算、失書)	半側空間無視、病態失認、自己身体失認など
前頭葉	対側の運動麻痺、眼球運動(対側への追視)障害、運動性失語、知的及び精神的高次機能障害など
後頭葉	対側の同名半盲、両側後頭葉の障害ではアントン症候群
小脳	筋共同運動障害、運動・平衡障害に関係し、運動失調を呈する。測定異常、反復拮抗運動障害、筋緊張低下、運動過多、歩行異常、異常姿勢、発語障害、眼振など

「前脳」

　　[★]

pros 前方に

英

forebrain, prosencephalon

同

前脳胞

関

一次脳胞

• 図：B.3
• 前脳胞に由来する
• 終脳と間脳に分かれる

発生学

前脳	prosencephalon forebrain	終脳	telencephalon	大脳半球	cerebral hemisphere
		間脳	diencephalon	間脳	diencephalon
中脳	mesencephalon midbrain	中脳	mesencephalon	中脳	midbrain
菱脳	rhombencephalon hindbrain	後脳	metencephalon	橋	pons
				小脳	cerebellum
		髄脳	myelencephalon	延髄	medulla oblongata

「菱脳」

　　[★]

英

rhombencephalon (KL), hindbrain

関

一次脳胞, 脳、脳胞

• 発生過程における脳胞の呼称
• 分化して、後脳と髄脳となる。

発生学

前脳	prosencephalon forebrain	終脳	telencephalon	大脳半球	cerebral hemisphere
		間脳	diencephalon	間脳	diencephalon
中脳	mesencephalon midbrain	中脳	mesencephalon	中脳	midbrain
菱脳	rhombencephalon hindbrain	後脳	metencephalon	橋	pons
				小脳	cerebellum
		髄脳	myelencephalon	延髄	medulla oblongata

「medial forebrain bundle」

　　[★] 内側前脳束

• (解剖)内側前脳束

関

median forebrain bundle

「median forebrain bundle」

　　[★]

内側前脳束

関

medial forebrain bundle

「basal forebrain」

　　[★] 前脳基底核

• (解剖)前脳基底核

「magnocellular basal forebrain nuclei」

　　[★] 大細胞性基底前脳核群