- (pref.)met, meta 後続、後位
後脳
WordNet
- the part of the hindbrain that develops into the pons and the cerebellum
PrepTutorEJDIC
- meetの過去・過去分詞
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/06 02:23:40」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
|
|
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
| Brain: Metencephalon |
|
| Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. |
|
| Pons and cerebellum. |
| Latin |
Metencephalon |
| Gray's |
subject #187 785 |
| NeuroNames |
hier-534 |
| MeSH |
Metencephalon |
| NeuroLex ID |
birnlex_965 |
The metencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system. The metencephalon is composed of the pons and the cerebellum; contains a portion of the fourth ventricle; and the trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).
Embryology
The metencephalon develops from the higher/rostral half of the embryonic rhombencephalon, and is differentiated from the myelencephalon in the embryo by approximately 5 weeks of age. By the third month, the metencephalon differentiates into its two main structures, the pons and the cerebellum.
Functions
The pons regulates breathing through particular nuclei that regulate the breathing center of the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum works to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and integrate sensory information from the inner ear and proprioceptors in the muscles and joints.
See also
- Mesencephalon
- Telencephalon
- Myelencephalon
- List of regions in the human brain
|
Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: pons (TA A14.1.05.101–604, GA 9.785)
|
|
Dorsal/
(tegmentum) |
|
Surface
|
Cerebellopontine angle · Superior medullary velum · Sulcus limitans · Medial eminence · Facial colliculus
|
|
|
White: Sensory/ascending
|
Trapezoid body/VIII · Trigeminal lemniscus (Dorsal trigeminal tract, Ventral trigeminal tract) · Medial lemniscus · Lateral lemniscus
MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Central tegmental tract
|
|
|
White: Motor/descending
|
ICP (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
|
|
|
Grey: Cranial nuclei
|
afferent: GSA: Principal V/Spinal V · VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Superior)
efferent: SVE: Motor V · VII · GSE: VI · GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus
|
|
|
Other grey
|
Apneustic center · Pneumotaxic center (Medial parabrachial nucleus) · Lateral parabrachial nucleus · Superior olivary nucleus · Caerulean nucleus
|
|
|
Ventral/
(base) |
|
Grey
|
Pontine nuclei
|
|
|
White: Motor/descending
|
Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine fibers
MCP (Pontocerebellar fibers)
|
|
|
Surface
|
Basilar sulcus
|
|
|
Other grey: Raphe/
reticular |
Reticular formation (Caudal, Oral, Tegmental, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Median)
|
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
|
Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: cerebellum (TA 14.1.07, GA 9.788)
|
|
| Surface anatomy |
| Lobes |
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe
|
|
| Medial/lateral |
- Vermis: anterior
- Central lobule
- Culmen
- Lingula
- posterior
- Vallecula of cerebellum
- Hemisphere: anterior
- posterior
- Biventer lobule
- Cerebellar tonsil
|
|
|
| Grey matter |
| Deep cerebellar nuclei |
- Dentate
- interposed
- Fastigial
|
|
| Cerebellar cortex |
- Molecular layer
- Stellate cell
- Basket cell
- Purkinje cell layer
- Purkinje cell
- Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell
- Granule cell layer
- Golgi cell
- Granule cell
- Unipolar brush cell
- Fibers: Mossy fibers
- Climbing fiber
- Parallel fiber
|
|
|
| White matter |
| Internal |
|
|
| Peduncles |
- Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Cuneocerebellar tract
- Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
- Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers
- Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Trigeminocerebellar fibers
|
|
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
|
Ventricular system, rhombencephalon, met- and myel-: fourth ventricle (TA A14.1.05.701–726, GA 9.797)
|
|
| Roof (dorsal) |
rostral: Superior medullary velum (Frenulum)
caudal: Inferior medullary velum · Taenia of fourth ventricle
|
|
| Floor/rhomboid fossa (ventral) |
rostral (pons): Facial colliculus · Locus coeruleus
caudal (medulla}: Vagal trigone · Hypoglossal trigone · Area postrema · Obex
Medial eminence · Sulcus limitans
|
|
| Apertures |
Median/Magendie · Lateral recess to Lateral/Luschka
|
|
| Other |
Tela chorioidea of fourth ventricle · Fastigium
|
|
|
|
anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
English Journal
- Radial access for cerebrovascular procedures: Case report and technical note.
- Satti SR1, Vance AZ2, Sivapatham T3.
- Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences.Interv Neuroradiol.2016 Apr;22(2):227-35. doi: 10.1177/1591019915617314. Epub 2015 Dec 11.
- BACKGROUND: Advantages of radial access over brachial/axillary or femoral access have been well described for several decades and include decreased cost, patient preference, and decreased major access site complications. Despite these advantages, radial access is rarely employed or even considered f
- PMID 26659807
- Neurons diversify astrocytes in the adult brain through sonic hedgehog signaling.
- Farmer WT1, Abrahamsson T1, Chierzi S1, Lui C1, Zaelzer C1, Jones EV1, Bally BP1, Chen GG2, Théroux JF2, Peng J3, Bourque CW1, Charron F3, Ernst C4, Sjöström PJ1, Murai KK5.
- Science (New York, N.Y.).Science.2016 Feb 19;351(6275):849-54. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3103.
- Astrocytes are specialized and heterogeneous cells that contribute to central nervous system function and homeostasis. However, the mechanisms that create and maintain differences among astrocytes and allow them to fulfill particular physiological roles remain poorly defined. We reveal that neurons
- PMID 26912893
- Cellular neuroscience. Differences among astrocytes.
- Stevens B1, Muthukumar AK2.
- Science (New York, N.Y.).Science.2016 Feb 19;351(6275):813. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2849.
- PMID 26912878
Japanese Journal
- Effect of Methotrexate on Neuroepithelium in the Rat Fetal Brain
- Isthmus organizer for mesencephalon and metencephalon
- Development, growth & differentiation 50, S113-S118, 2008-06-01
- NAID 10024399510
- Investigation of mRNA Expression for Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 (sFRP2) in Chick Embryos
- The Journal of reproduction and development 53(4), 801-810, 2007-08-01
- NAID 10020003842
Related Links
- metencephalon met·en·ceph·a·lon (mět'ěn-sěf'ə-lŏn') n. The anterior part of the embryonic hindbrain, which gives rise to the cerebellum and pons. met'en·ce·phal'ic (-sə-fāl'ĭk) adj. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical ...
- 1件 の用語解説（metencephalon の意味・用語解説を検索） プログレッシブ英和中辞典(第4版) の解説 met・en・ceph・a・lon /mètenséf l n | -l n/ [名]《解剖学》後脳. met・en・ce・phal・ic /mètens [形] 出典｜小学館 この辞書の凡例を ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- brain
- ラ
- encephalon
- 関
- 大脳、ブロードマン野
発生学
解剖
- 重量：成人の場合体重の2.2%。2-3%ともいわれる。
- 新生児：約400g、成人：男性約1,350g、女性：約1,250g
脳幹に着目した分類
発生学
生理学
- 脳血流量：心拍出量の15% (心拍出量が5Lとしたら、毎分750ml灌流している事になる)
- 脳の酸素消費量：全身の消費量の20%
- 脳のグルコース消費量：全身の消費量の25%。1日100-150g(SCN.3)
- 血流限界：3分 ⇔心臓は10分(see:窒息)
神経内科プリント
|
|
脳での需要量
|
割合
|
| 血液
|
700～900 ml/分
|
心拍出量の
|
約15%
|
| 酸素
|
40～46 ml/分
|
全身需要量の
|
約20%
|
| グルコース
|
310 μmol/分
|
全身需要量の
|
約25%
|
[★]
- 英
- cerebrum
- 関
- 脳、ブロードマン野
感覚野、運動野
発生学
機能障害
|
|
優位半球
|
劣位半球
|
| 左
|
右
|
| 側頭葉
|
感覚性失語、Wernicke失語、同名性上1/4半盲
|
| 頭頂葉
|
対側の感覚
|
| ゲルストマン症候群(手指失認、左右識別障害、失算、失書)
|
半側空間無視、病態失認、自己身体失認など
|
| 前頭葉
|
対側の運動麻痺、眼球運動(対側への追視)障害、運動性失語、知的及び精神的高次機能障害など
|
| 後頭葉
|
対側の同名半盲、両側後頭葉の障害ではアントン症候群
|
| 小脳
|
筋共同運動障害、運動・平衡障害に関係し、運動失調を呈する。測定異常、反復拮抗運動障害、筋緊張低下、運動過多、歩行異常、異常姿勢、発語障害、眼振など
|
[★]
- pros 前方に
- 英
- forebrain, prosencephalon
- 同
- 前脳胞
- 関
- 一次脳胞
発生学
[★]
- 英
- rhombencephalon (KL), hindbrain
- 関
- 一次脳胞, 脳、脳胞
発生学
[★]
- (pref.)met, meta 後続、後位
- 英
- metencephalon, hind brain
- 関
- 一次脳胞, 脳