間脳
WordNet
- the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon (同)interbrain, betweenbrain, thalmencephalon
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/01/28 16:17:02」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Brain: Diencephalon |
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Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. |
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Reconstruction of peripheral nerves of a human embryo of 10.2 mm. (Label for Diencephalon is at left.) |
Latin |
diencephalon |
Gray's |
subject #189 807 |
NeuroNames |
hier-271 |
MeSH |
Diencephalon |
Code |
TH H3.11.03.5.00001 |
NeuroLex ID |
birnlex_1503 |
The diencephalon ("interbrain") is the region of the vertebrate neural tube which gives rise to posterior forebrain structures. In development, the forebrain develops from the prosencephalon, the most anterior vesicle of the neural tube which later forms both the diencephalon and the telencephalon. In adults, the Diencephalon appears at the upper end of the brain stem, situated between the cerebrum and the brain stem. It is made up of four distinct components: the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus and the epithalamus.[1]
Contents
- 1 Organization
- 2 Roles
- 3 Three-dimensional representation
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
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Organization
- diencephalon
- mid-diencephalic territory
- prethalamus
- zona limitans intrathalamica
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamus
- pineal gland
- metathalamus
Roles
The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to posterior forebrain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and pineal gland. The hypothalamus performs numerous vital functions, most of which relate directly or indirectly to the regulation of visceral activities by way of other brain regions and the autonomic nervous system.
Three-dimensional representation
See also
- List of regions in the human brain
References
- ^ Jacobson & Marcus (2008). Neuroanatomy for the Neuroscientist. Springer. pp. 147. ISBN 978-0-387-70970-3.
External links
- BrainMaps at UCDavis diencephalon
- NIF Search - Diencephalon via the Neuroscience Information Framework
Nervous system (TA A14, GA 9)
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Central nervous system |
- Meninges
- Spinal cord
- Brain
- Rhombencephalon
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Cerebellum
- Mesencephalon
- Prosencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Telencephalon
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Peripheral nervous system |
Somatic
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- Sensory nerve
- Motor nerve
- Cranial nerve
- Spinal nerve
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Autonomic
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- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Enteric nervous system
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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Human brain: diencephalon (TA A14.1.08, GA 9.807)
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Epithalamus |
Surface |
- Pineal body
- Habenula
- Habenular trigone
- Habenular commissure
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Grey matter |
- Pretectal area
- Habenular nuclei
- Subcommissural organ
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Thalamus |
Surface |
- Stria medullaris of thalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
- Taenia thalami
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Grey matter/
nuclei |
- paired: AN
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Metathalamus
- midline: MD
- Intralaminar
- Midline nuclear group
- Interthalamic adhesion
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White matter |
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Pallidothalamic tracts
- Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus
- Thalamic fasciculus
- PCML
- Medial lemniscus
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- Lateral lemniscus
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Acoustic radiation
- Optic radiation
- Subthalamic fasciculus
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
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Hypothalamus |
Surface |
- Median eminence/Tuber cinereum
- Mammillary body
- Infundibulum
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Grey matter |
Autonomic zones |
- Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
- Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
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Endocrine |
- posterior pituitary: Paraventricular
- magnocellular
- parvocellular
- Supraoptic
- other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
- Preoptic (GnRH)
- Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
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Emotion |
- Lateral
- Ventromedial
- Dorsomedial
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White matter |
- afferent
- SN → Medial forebrain bundle
- efferent
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus → AN, Stria terminalis → Amygdala, Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus → SC
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Pituitary |
- Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
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Subthalamus |
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
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Ventricular system:
Third ventricle |
- recesses:
- Optic recess
- Infundibular recess
- Suprapineal recess
- Pineal recess
- Hypothalamic sulcus
- Tela chorioidea of third ventricle
- Apertures: Interventricular/Monro
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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Related Links
- Sitting between the cerebral cortex and the brain stem is another segment of the brain, called the diencephalons, which combines the functions of the brain stem ... Origin of diencephalon Modern Latin ; from dia- + encephalon
- diencephalonとは。意味や和訳。[名](複 ~s, -la 〔-lə〕)《解剖》間脳(interbrain). - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- brain
- ラ
- encephalon
- 関
- 大脳、ブロードマン野
発生学
解剖
- 重量:成人の場合体重の2.2%。2-3%ともいわれる。
- 新生児:約400g、成人:男性約1,350g、女性:約1,250g
脳幹に着目した分類
発生学
生理学
- 脳血流量:心拍出量の15% (心拍出量が5Lとしたら、毎分750ml灌流している事になる)
- 脳の酸素消費量:全身の消費量の20%
- 脳のグルコース消費量:全身の消費量の25%。1日100-150g(SCN.3)
- 血流限界:3分 ⇔心臓は10分(see:窒息)
神経内科プリント
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脳での需要量
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割合
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血液
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700~900 ml/分
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心拍出量の
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約15%
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酸素
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40~46 ml/分
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全身需要量の
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約20%
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グルコース
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310 μmol/分
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全身需要量の
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約25%
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[★]
- 英
- cerebrum
- 関
- 脳、ブロードマン野
感覚野、運動野
発生学
機能障害
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優位半球
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劣位半球
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左
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右
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側頭葉
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感覚性失語、Wernicke失語、同名性上1/4半盲
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頭頂葉
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対側の感覚
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ゲルストマン症候群(手指失認、左右識別障害、失算、失書)
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半側空間無視、病態失認、自己身体失認など
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前頭葉
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対側の運動麻痺、眼球運動(対側への追視)障害、運動性失語、知的及び精神的高次機能障害など
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後頭葉
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対側の同名半盲、両側後頭葉の障害ではアントン症候群
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小脳
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筋共同運動障害、運動・平衡障害に関係し、運動失調を呈する。測定異常、反復拮抗運動障害、筋緊張低下、運動過多、歩行異常、異常姿勢、発語障害、眼振など
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[★]
- pros 前方に
- 英
- forebrain, prosencephalon
- 同
- 前脳胞
- 関
- 一次脳胞
発生学
[★]
- 英
- rhombencephalon (KL), hindbrain
- 関
- 一次脳胞, 脳、脳胞
発生学
[★]
- di 分離、二の、二重の
- 英
- interbrain
- ラ
- diencephalon (KH)
- 関
- 脳
発生過程
間脳より発生する構造
- thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, posterior lobe of the pituitary, and neural retina (KAPLAN STEP 1 Q BOOK p.54)
解剖学
- --視床下溝--