WordNet

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of; "map the surface of Venus"
to establish a mapping (of mathematical elements or sets) (同)represent
a diagrammatic representation of the earths surface (or part of it)
plan, delineate, or arrange in detail; "map ones future" (同)map out
depict as if on a map; "sorrow was mapped on the mothers face"
explore or survey for the purpose of making a map; "We havent even begun to map the many galaxies that we know exist"
locate within a specific region of a chromosome in relation to known DNA or gene sequences; "map the genes"
the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m
an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

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(1枚1枚の)『地図』;天体図 / …‘の'地図を作る;…‘を'地図にかく
Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/08 12:15:56」(JST)

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For other uses, see MKK (disambiguation).

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (also known as MAP2K) is a kinase enzyme which phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).

MAP2K is classified as EC 2.7.12.2.

There are seven genes:

MAP2K1 (aka MEK1)
MAP2K2 (aka MEK2)
MAP2K3 (aka MKK3)
MAP2K4 (aka MKK4)
MAP2K5 (aka MKK5)
MAP2K6 (aka MKK6)
MAP2K7 (aka MKK7)

The activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK6), JNK (MKK4 and MKK7), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways.^[1]

Role in Melanoma

MEK is a member of the MAPK signaling cascade that is activated in melanoma.^[2] When MEK is inhibited, cell proliferation is blocked and apoptosis (controlled cell death) is induced.

References[edit]

^ Dérijard B, et al. (1995). "Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms". Science 267 (5198): 682–5. doi:10.1126/science.7839144. PMID 7839144.
^ Falchook, Gerald S, Karl D Lewis, Jeffrey R Infante, Michael S Gordon, Nicholas J Vogelzang, Douglas J DeMarini, and Leslie A Fecher, et al. 2012. "Activity of the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial." The Lancet Oncology 13, no. 8: 782-789.

External links[edit]

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心臓の虚血性再潅流障害 ischemic reperfusion injury of the heart
2. 進行皮膚黒色腫に対するマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of advanced cutaneous melanoma
3. 黒色腫（メラノーマ）の分子生物学 the molecular biology of melanoma
4. 前立腺癌の分子生物学 molecular biology of prostate cancer
5. 進行非小細胞肺癌に対する遺伝子型による個別治療 personalized genotype directed therapy for advanced non small cell lung cancer

English Journal

Activation and promotion of adipose stem cells by tumour necrosis factor-alpha preconditioning for bone regeneration.

Lu Z, Wang G, Dunstan CR, Chen Y, Yenn-Ru Lu W, Davies B, Zreiqat H.SourceBiomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2013 Aug;228(8):1737-44. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24330.
There is a major medical need for developing novel and effective approaches for repairing non-union and critical-sized bone defects. Although the mechanisms remain to be determined, it is known that inflammation plays a crucial role in initiating bone repair and regeneration. This study investigated
PMID 23359411

Truncated MEK1 is required for transient activation of MAPK signalling in G2 phase cells.

Pike T, Widberg C, Goodall A, Payne E, Giles N, Hancock J, Gabrielli B.SourceThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2013 Jun;25(6):1423-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.014. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
The primary endpoint of signalling through the canonical Raf-MEK-ERK MAP kinase cascade is ERK activation. Here we report a novel signalling outcome for this pathway. Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by growth factors or phorbol esters during G2 phase results in only transient activations of ERK
PMID 23524336

(-)-Epicatechin is associated with increased angiogenic and mitochondrial signalling in the hindlimb of rats selectively bred for innate low running capacity.

Hüttemann M, Lee I, Perkins GA, Britton SL, Koch LG, Malek MH.SourceCenter for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2013 Jun;124(11):663-74. doi: 10.1042/CS20120469.
Alternative approaches to reduce congenital muscle dysfunction are needed in cases where the ability to exercise is limited. (-)-Epicatechin is found in cocoa and may stimulate capillarity and mitochondrial proliferation in skeletal muscle. A total of 21 male rats bred for LCR (low running capacity)
PMID 23252598

Japanese Journal

TLR3-mediated apoptosis and activation of phosphorylated Akt in the salivary gland epithelial cells of primary Sjögren's syndrome patients

Nakamura Hideki,Horai Yoshiro,Suzuki Takahisa,Okada Akitomo,Ichinose Kunihiro,Yamasaki Satoshi,Koji Takehiko,Kawakami Atsushi
Rheumatology International 33(2), 441-450, 2013-02-00
… Poly (I:C) phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-terminal kinase and p44/42 MAP kinase as well as Akt. …
NAID 120005230844

Stimulatory effect of the sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan on the respiratory burst in RAW264.7 macrophages

Wang Yajun,Jiang Zedong,Kim Daekyung,Ueno Mikinori,Okimura Takasi,Yamaguchi Kenichi,Oda Tatsuya
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 52, 164-169, 2013-01-00
… Among mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors tested, JNK inhibitor showed the most potent inhibitory effect on ascophyllan-induced ROS production. … Consistently, significant level of phosphorylated JNK MAP kinase was detected in ascophyllan-treated RAW264.7 cells. …
NAID 120005230509

食用菊モッテノホカが含有するポリフェノールの生理活性について

仁科淳良,加藤守匡,木村博一,ニシナアツヨシ,カトウモリマサ,キムラヒロカズ,Nishina Atsuyoshi,Kato Morimasa,Kimura Hirokazu
山形県立米沢女子短期大学紀要 = Bulletin of Yonezawa Women's Junior College 48, 91-101, 2012-12-26
… 'Mottenohoka' which activate MAP kinase in PC12 cells were studied. … By molecular sieve chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, four components which promote phosphorylation of MAP kinase and exhibited UV absorption were isolated from Mottenohoka methanol extract. … Isolated compounds (A, B and D) promoted phosphorylation of MAP kinases in PC12 cells. …
NAID 120005263133

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase」「MAPK kinase」「マイトジェン活性化プロテインキナーゼキナーゼ」「MAPK-ERK kinase」
拡張検索	「MAP kinase kinase 1」「MAP kinase kinase kinase 1」「MAP kinase kinase kinase 2」「MAP kinase kinase kinase 5」「MAP kinase kinase kinase」
関連記事	「map」「MAP」「MA」「kinase」「M」

「mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase」

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
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EC number	2.7.12.2
Databases
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BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
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MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
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