CD138

同

Syndecan-1, Heparan sulfate pro- teoglycan

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/24 14:48:03」(JST)

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SDC1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4GVC, 4GVD
Identifiers
Aliases	SDC1, CD138, SDC, SYND1, syndecan, syndecan 1
External IDs	OMIM: 186355 MGI: 1349162 HomoloGene: 2252 GeneCards: 6382
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein C-terminus binding • glycoprotein binding • protein binding Cellular component • lysosomal lumen • extracellular exosome • extracellular region • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • Golgi lumen • integral component of plasma membrane • membrane • focal adhesion • cell surface • plasma membrane • protein complex • external side of plasma membrane Biological process • glycosaminoglycan catabolic process • canonical Wnt signaling pathway • wound healing • response to calcium ion • odontogenesis • glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process • ureteric bud development • response to cAMP • positive regulation of exosomal secretion • Sertoli cell development • striated muscle cell development • lipoprotein metabolic process • positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly • retinoid metabolic process • response to glucocorticoid • response to toxic substance • cell migration • response to organic substance • response to hydrogen peroxide • glycosaminoglycan metabolic process • inflammatory response • myoblast development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6382	20969
Ensembl	ENSG00000115884	ENSMUSG00000020592
UniProt	P18827	P18828
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001006946 NM_002997	NM_011519
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001006947.1 NP_002988.3	NP_035649.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 20.2 – 20.23 Mb	Chr 12: 8.77 – 8.79 Mb
PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human		View/Edit Mouse

Syndecan 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SDC1 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, and cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the HIV-1 tat protein. The syndecan-1 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Syndecan-1 is a sponge for growth factors, with binding largely via heparan sulfate chains.

An exception is the prosecretory mitogen lacritin that binds syndecan-1 only after heparanase modification. Binding utilizes an enzyme-regulated 'off-on' switch in which active epithelial heparanase (HPSE) cleaves off heparan sulfate to expose a binding site in the N-terminal region of syndecan-1's core protein. Three SDC1 elements are required. (1) The heparanase-exposed hydrophobic sequence GAGAL that promotes the alpha helicity of lacritin's C-terminal amphipathic alpha helix form and likely binds to the hydrophobic face. (2) Heparanase-cleaved heparan sulfate that is 3-O sulfated. This likely interacts with the cationic face of lacritin's C-terminal amphipathic alpha helix. (3) An N-terminal chondroitin sulfate chain that also likely binds to the cationic face. Point mutagenesis of lacritin has narrowed the ligation site.

While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length natures of only two have been described to date. These two represent the major variants of this gene and encode the same protein.

Clinical significance

Altered syndecan-1 expression has been detected in several different tumor types.

It is a specific antigen on multiple myeloma cells.

Indatuximab ravtansine targets this protein.

Application

It is a useful marker for plasma cells, but only if the cells tested are already known to be derived from blood.

References

Further reading

• David G (1992). "Structural and functional diversity of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 313: 69–78. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_7. PMID 1442271. 
• Jaakkola P, Jalkanen M (1999). "Transcriptional regulation of Syndecan-1 expression by growth factors". Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. 63: 109–38. doi:10.1016/S0079-6603(08)60721-7. ISBN 978-0-12-540063-3. PMID 10506830. 
• Wijdenes J, Dore JM, Clement C, Vermot-Desroches C (2003). "CD138". Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 16 (2): 152–5. PMID 12144130. 
• Lories V, Cassiman JJ, Van den Berghe H, David G (Jan 1992). "Differential expression of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans in human mammary epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (2): 1116–22. PMID 1339431. 
• Vainio S, Jalkanen M, Bernfield M, Saxén L (Aug 1992). "Transient expression of syndecan in mesenchymal cell aggregates of the embryonic kidney". Developmental Biology. 152 (2): 221–32. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(92)90130-9. PMID 1644217. 
• Kiefer MC, Ishihara M, Swiedler SJ, Crawford K, Stephans JC, Barr PJ (1992). "The molecular biology of heparan sulfate fibroblast growth factor receptors". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 638: 167–76. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb49027.x. PMID 1664683. 
• Ala-Kapee M, Nevanlinna H, Mali M, Jalkanen M, Schröder J (Sep 1990). "Localization of gene for human syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan and a matrix receptor, to chromosome 2". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics. 16 (5): 501–5. doi:10.1007/BF01233200. PMID 2173154. 
• Mali M, Jaakkola P, Arvilommi AM, Jalkanen M (Apr 1990). "Sequence of human syndecan indicates a novel gene family of integral membrane proteoglycans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (12): 6884–9. PMID 2324102. 
• Sanderson RD, Lalor P, Bernfield M (Nov 1989). "B lymphocytes express and lose syndecan at specific stages of differentiation". Cell Regulation. 1 (1): 27–35. PMC 361422. PMID 2519615. 
• Asundi VK, Carey DJ (Nov 1995). "Self-association of N-syndecan (syndecan-3) core protein is mediated by a novel structural motif in the transmembrane domain and ectodomain flanking region". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (44): 26404–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.44.26404. PMID 7592855. 
• Zhang L, David G, Esko JD (Nov 1995). "Repetitive Ser-Gly sequences enhance heparan sulfate assembly in proteoglycans". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (45): 27127–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.45.27127. PMID 7592967. 
• Barillari G, Gendelman R, Gallo RC, Ensoli B (Sep 1993). "The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, a growth factor for AIDS Kaposi sarcoma and cytokine-activated vascular cells, induces adhesion of the same cell types by using integrin receptors recognizing the RGD amino acid sequence". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (17): 7941–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.7941. PMC 47263. PMID 7690138. 
• Spring J, Goldberger OA, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Bernfield M (Jun 1994). "Mapping of the syndecan genes in the mouse: linkage with members of the myc gene family". Genomics. 21 (3): 597–601. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1319. PMID 7959737. 
• Sneed TB, Stanley DJ, Young LA, Sanderson RD (Feb 1994). "Interleukin-6 regulates expression of the syndecan-1 proteoglycan on B lymphoid cells". Cellular Immunology. 153 (2): 456–67. doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1042. PMID 8118875. 
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• Kokenyesi R, Bernfield M (Apr 1994). "Core protein structure and sequence determine the site and presence of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate on syndecan-1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (16): 12304–9. PMID 8163535. 
• Albini A, Benelli R, Presta M, Rusnati M, Ziche M, Rubartelli A, Paglialunga G, Bussolino F, Noonan D (Jan 1996). "HIV-tat protein is a heparin-binding angiogenic growth factor". Oncogene. 12 (2): 289–97. PMID 8570206. 
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548. 
• Kaukonen J, Alanen-Kurki L, Jalkanen M, Palotie A (Mar 1997). "The mapping and visual ordering of the human syndecan-1 and N-myc genes near the telomeric region of chromosome 2p". Human Genetics. 99 (3): 295–7. doi:10.1007/s004390050360. PMID 9050911. 

External links

• Syndecan-1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 多発性骨髄腫の臨床的特徴、検査所見、および診断 clinical features laboratory manifestations and diagnosis of multiple myeloma
• 2. リンパ形質細胞性リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
• 3. びまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫の疫学、臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of diffuse large b cell lymphoma
• 4. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development
• 5. AIDS関連リンパ腫：疫学、危険因子、および病理学 aids related lymphomas epidemiology risk factors and pathobiology

English Journal

• The prognostic relevance of tumour-infiltrating plasma cells and immunoglobulin kappa C indicates an important role of the humoral immune response in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Lohr M, Edlund K, Botling J, Hammad S, Hellwig B, Othman A, Berglund A, Lambe M, Holmberg L, Ekman S, Bergqvist M, Pontén F, Cadenas C, Marchan R, Hengstler JG, Rahnenführer J, Micke P.SourceDept. of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
• Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2013 Jun 10;333(2):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.01.036. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
• A prognostic impact of immunoglobulin kappa C (IGKC) expression has been described in cancer. We analysed the influence of B-cell and plasma cell markers, as well as IGKC expression, in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. IGKC protein expression was indep
• PMID 23370224

• Alteration of cell membrane proteoglycans impairs FSH receptor/Gs coupling and ERK activation through PP2A-dependent mechanisms in immature rat Sertoli cells.

• Levallet G, Bonnamy PJ, Levallet J.SourceUniversité de Caen Basse Normandie, EA 2608, Oestrogènes, Reproduction, Cancer (OeReCa), F-14032 Caen, France.
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Jun;1830(6):3466-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.027. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
• BACKGROUND: During the pre-pubertal life, the cessation of Sertoli cell proliferation and the onset of differentiation are associated with a shift in the FSH-mediated signaling leading to inhibition of the ERK-mitogenic pathway and to a concomitant sensitization of cAMP/PKA pathway.METHODS: To highl
• PMID 23500014

• IgE production in CD40/CD40L cross-talk of B and mast cells and mediator release via TGase 2 in mouse allergic asthma.

• Hong GU, Park BS, Park JW, Kim SY, Ro JY.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
• Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2013 Jun;25(6):1514-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.010. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
• TGase 2 is over-expressed in a variety of inflammatory diseases including allergic asthma. This study aimed to investigate the role of TGase 2 on IgE production and signaling pathways in mast cell activation related to OVA-induced allergic asthma. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) isolated from
• PMID 23524335

Japanese Journal

• 異時性に両側精巣に発生した形質細胞腫の1例

• 高橋 正博,伊藤 敬一,佐藤 謙 [他]
• 泌尿器科紀要 57(11), 653-656, 2011-11
• … Reevaluating the pathologyof the previouslyresected right testicular tumor, we decided on the basis of positive immunostaining for CD38 and CD138 that the tumor in the right testis was also a plasmacytoma. …
• NAID 40019073059

• 肝機能異常を伴った多発性骨髄腫の1例

• 斎藤 広信,高橋 敦史,阿部 和道,物江 恭子,菅野 有紀子,横川 順子,大平 弘正
• 肝臓 52(1), 65-69, 2011-01-25
• … された．1カ月後から両膝・両手首の関節痛も出現し，肝機能異常と貧血も認めたため入院した．免疫グロブリンの低下およびカルシウム値の増加から血液疾患を疑い，骨髄穿刺検査を施行した．骨髄検査ではCD138陽性の異型形質細胞がびまん性に増生し，造血細胞巣の70％以上を占め，頭部レントゲン検査での打ち抜き像，尿中Bence Jones蛋白陽性，血清蛋白免疫電気泳動と併せ，Bence Jones型の多発性骨髄腫と診断した．肝 …
• NAID 10029284919

Related Links

• 抗CD138抗体 | サイトメトリードットコム/ベックマン・コールター

CD138抗原（syndecan-1としても知られている）は､4種類の膜貫通型ヘパラン硫酸化プロテオグリカン高分子（Syndecan-1､Syndecan-2またはfibroglycan､Syndecan-3またはN-syndecan､Syndecan-4またはamphiglycan）で構成される ...

• Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human CD138, Clone MI15

Dako CD138, MI15 抗体は、多発性骨髄腫などの形質細胞由来の腫瘍の鑑別に有用です。この抗体は、形質細胞由来の腫瘍に特異的に反応します。B 細胞性のその他の腫瘍である B-ALL や B-CLL では基本的に陰性を示しますが、B-CLL ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「マクログロブリン血症」
関連記事	「CD13」「CD1」

「マクログロブリン血症」

　　[★]

英

macroglobulinemia

同

ワルデンシュトレーム・マクログロブリン血症 Waldenström macroglobulinemia Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia WM、原発性マクログロブリン血症 primary macroglobulinemia、マクログロブリネミア

関

単クローン性免疫グロブリン血症。高γグロブリン血症

• first aid step1 2006 p.304

• Bence Jones protein：multiple myeloma(κ/λ Ig light chains in urine), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
• monoclonal antibody spike：multiple myeloma (M protein = IgG/IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM)

	ALL	ALL(バーキット型)	悪性リンパ腫、CLL	マクログロブリン血症	骨髄腫
分化段階	前駆B細胞	未熟B細胞	成熟B細胞		形質細胞
細胞表面免疫グロブリン	－	＋	＋	±	－
免疫グロブリン分泌	－	－	－	＋	＋

WCH.2669

pathologic feature	MCL	B-cell CLL	FL	MZL	WM	MM
paraprotein	None	Small IgG or IgM	Usually none	Small IgM	IgM (large)	IgA, IgG
morphology	Centrocyte-like; small-to-medium-sized lymphocytes	Small lymphocyte with clumped chromatin	Follicle center cells (follicular pattern)	Monocytoid B cells, heterogeneous	Plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells	Plasma cells
surface Ig	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋
cytoplasmic Ig	－	－	－	－	＋＋	＋＋＋
CD19	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋	＋
CD20	＋＋	＋	＋＋	＋	＋	15% CD20+
CD23	－	＋	±	－	－	－
CD22	＋	－	－	＋	＋	－
CD38	－	±	－	－	＋	＋＋
CD138	－	－	－	－	＋	＋＋
CD5	＋	＋	－	－	Usually CD5-	－
CDlO	±	－	＋	－	－	－
cytogenetic aberrations	t(11;14)(q13;q32), cyclin Dl+	13q-, 6q-, +12, 11q23-	t(14;18)(q32; q21), bcl-2+	t(11;18)(q21; q21), +3	6q-	t(4;14)(p16.3;q32),t(11;14)(q13;q32),t(14;16)(q32;q23), other +14q32,13q-, aneuploidy
somatic hypermutation	？	＋, 50%; -, 50%	＋＋	＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋
bone marrow involvement (%)	25	～100	85	50	＞90	100
bone lytic lesions	No	No	No	No	5%	70%

疫学

• 60-70歳

症状

also see WCH.2671

• 血管粘稠度上昇　＋　病的蛋白質による血管内皮損傷：[眼症状] ソーセージ様の網膜血管のうっ滞・拡張、網膜出血、綿花様白斑、網膜静脈閉塞症、滲出性網膜剥離
• リンパ球の浸潤による症状：weakness, 体重減少、骨痛、肝脾腫、リンパ節腫

鑑別診断

• 慢性リンパ性白血球、骨髄腫(IgM myeloma: bone lesion, CD138+ plamac cell infiltration)、kymphocytic lymphoma

myelomaとの共通点と異差

HIM.706

• 共通点：

• 症状：weakness、疲労、反復感染

• WMに特徴的：

• lymphadenopathy、hepatosplenomegalyがあること。bone lesionや高カルシウム血症は起こさない。(大きさの違いから？)IgMは殆ど人から排泄されないし、-20%の人しかBJPを排泄しないから、腎病変は一般的でない。

• WMでより一般的：

• 鼻出血、視力障害(visual disturbance)、神経症状(めまい、頭痛、一時的な麻痺)

QB.G-269 WCH.2671

	多発性骨髄腫	マクログロブリン血症
		ワルデンシュトレーム・マクログロブリン血症
	MM	WM
病変のfocus	主に骨髄	主にリンパ組織	集積することで出現する症状が異なる
腫瘍細胞	形質細胞	やや幼弱なB細胞
赤血球連戦形成	＋	＋＋＋	IgMのせい
出血傾向	少	多	IgMのせい
肝脾腫、リンパ節腫脹
骨破壊	70％	5％
過粘稠度症候群	少	多	IgMのせい
M蛋白	IgG,IgA,IgD,IgE,BJP	IgM
腎障害	多	少	IgMは糸球体濾過されにくい
眼底変化	少	多	IgMのせい
年齢	40-60歳代	40-70歳代

検査

血算

• 赤沈：高度促進
• 貧血
• 白血球：増多(リンパ球様細胞の増多)
• 血小板：減少　　←　　MMより頻度は低い、はず。一般的でなく、病気の末期まで出現しない(WCH.2671)。患者のほとんどが正常範囲内で、10万/ul以下であるのはほんの9%の患者であり、本疾患における血小板減少症の有病率は22%と報告されている(WCH.2671)。

尿検査

• 尿タンパク：陽性(10%でBJPが見られる。)

治療

• アルキル化剤(メルファラン、シクロホスファミド)　＋　プレドニゾロン

USMLE

• Q book p.246 41

「CD13」

　　[★]

同

MY7, Aminopeptidase N

概念

WCH.33

• 2型の膜タンパクでメタロプロテアーゼファミリー(CD10,CD26,CD73等)に属する。
• ホモ2量体
• 遺伝子：15q25
• 分子量：150 kDa
• 発現：骨髄球系・単球系の細胞系統に発現。多くの急性骨髄性白血病と少数のリンパ芽球性白血病(5-10%)でみられる。骨髄細胞による細胞間接着による発現制御を受けており、in vitroではCD13は発現しない。その他の組織でも発現している(略)。
• 機能：RNAコロナウイルスの受容体。内皮の形態形成と細胞の移動性を制御しており、血管新生と腫瘍進展のいずれにおいても重要な役割を果たしている。

「CD1」

　　[★]

同

leucine-6, CD1A through E

種類

• CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d

発現組織

• 胸腺皮質、ランゲルハンス細胞、樹状細胞、B細胞(CD1c)、腸上皮、平滑筋、血管上皮(CD1d)

分子量

• 43-49

機能

• MHC class I-like molecule, associated with β2-microgloulin. Has specialized role in presentation of lipid antigens