関: CD1

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/29 12:53:16」(JST)

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For the album by Throbbing Gristle, see CD1 (album).

CD1d molecule
Identifiers
Symbol	CD1D
Entrez	912
HUGO	1637
OMIM	188410
RefSeq	NM_001766
UniProt	P15813
Other data
Locus	Chr. 1 q22-q23

CD1e molecule
Identifiers
Symbol	CD1E
Entrez	913
HUGO	1638
OMIM	188411
RefSeq	NM_030893
UniProt	P15812
Other data
Locus	Chr. 1 q22-q23

CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. However their precise function is unknown.^[1]

Types

CD1 glycoproteins can be classified primarily into two groups which differ in their lipid anchoring.^[2]

CD1a, CD1b and CD1c (group 1 CD1 molecules) are expressed on cells specialized for antigen presentation.^[3]

CD1d (group 2 CD1) is expressed in a wider variety of cells.

CD1e is an intermediate form, expressed intracellularly, the role of which is currently unclear.^[4]

In humans

Group 1

Group 1 CD1 molecules have been shown to present foreign lipid antigens, and specifically a number of mycobacterial cell wall components, to CD1-specific T cells.

Group 2

The natural antigens of group 2 CD1 are not well-characterized, but a synthetic glycolipid, alpha-galactosylceramide, originally isolated from a compound found in a marine sponge, has strong biologic activity.

Group 2 CD1 molecules activate a group of T cells, known as Natural killer T cells because of their expression of NK surface markers such as CD161. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are activated by CD1d-presented antigens, and rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically represented by interferon-gamma and IL-4 production.

The group 2 (CD1d) ligand alpha-galactosylceramide is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of advanced non-hematologic cancers.

Diagnostic relevance

CD1 antigens are expressed on cortical thymocytes, but not on mature T cells. This often remains true in neoplastic cells from these populations, so that the presence of CD1 antigens can be used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry to identify some thymomas and malignancies arising from T cell precursors. CD1a, in particular, is a specific marker for Langerhans cells, and can therefore also be used in the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Other conditions that may show CD1 positivity include myeloid leukaemia and some B cell lymphomas.^[5]

In cows and mice

Mice lack the group 1 CD1 molecules, and instead have 2 copies of CD1d. Thus, mice have been used extensively to characterize the role of CD1d and CD1d-dependent NKT cells in a variety of disease models.

It has recently been shown that cows lack the group 2 CD1 molecules, and have an expanded set of group 1 CD1 molecules.^[6] Because of this and the fact that cows are a natural host of Mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen in humans as well, it is hoped that studying cows will yield insights into the group 1 CD1 antigen-presenting system.

References

^ Porcelli S, Brenner MB, Greenstein JL, Balk SP, Terhorst C, Bleicher PA (1989). "Recognition of cluster of differentiation 1 antigens by human CD4-CD8-cytolytic T lymphocytes". Nature 341 (6241): 447–50. doi:10.1038/341447a0. PMID 2477705.
^ Zajonc DM, Wilson IA (2007). "Architecture of CD1 proteins". Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 314: 27–50. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69511-0_2. PMID 17593656.
^ Sköld M, Behar SM (2005). "The role of group 1 and group 2 CD1-restricted T cells in microbial immunity". Microbes Infect. 7 (3): 544–51. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.012. PMID 15777730.
^ Angenieux C, Salamero J, Fricker D, Cazenave JP, Goud B, Hanau D, de La Salle H (2000). "Characterization of CD1e, a third type of CD1 molecule expressed in dendritic cells". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (48): 37757–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007082200. PMID 10948205.
^ Kumarasen C, Anthony S-Y L (2003). Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology. London: Greenwich Medical Media. pp. 59–60. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
^ Van Rhijn I, Koets AP, Im JS, Piebes D, Reddington F, Besra GS, Porcelli SA, van Eden W, Rutten VP (2006). "The bovine CD1 family contains group 1 CD1 proteins, but no functional CD1d". J. Immunol. 176 (8): 4888–93. PMID 16585584.

External links

CD1 Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Mouse CD Antigen Chart
Human CD Antigen Chart

UpToDate Contents

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1. 抗原提示細胞 antigen presenting cells
2. ランゲルハンス細胞組織球症の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of langerhans cell histiocytosis
3. 肺ランゲルハンス細胞組織球症 pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis
4. 結核の免疫学 immunology of tuberculosis
5. 適応細胞性免疫応答 the adaptive cellular immune response

English Journal

The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin.

Summerfield A1, Meurens F2, Ricklin ME3.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2015 Jul;66(1):14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.023. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
The porcine skin has striking similarities to the human skin in terms of general structure, thickness, hair follicle content, pigmentation, collagen and lipid composition. This has been the basis for numerous studies using the pig as a model for wound healing, transdermal delivery, dermal toxicology
PMID 25466611

In-situ Delivery of Antigen to DC-SIGN+CD14+ Dermal Dendritic Cells Results in Enhanced CD8+ T Cell Responses.

Fehres CM1, van Beelen AJ1, Bruijns SC1, Ambrosini M1, Kalay H1, van Bloois L2, Unger WW1, Garcia-Vallejo JJ1, Storm G3, de Gruijl TD4, van Kooyk Y1.
The Journal of investigative dermatology.J Invest Dermatol.2015 Apr 17. doi: 10.1038/jid.2015.152. [Epub ahead of print]
CD14+ DCs present in the dermis of human skin represent a large subset of dermal DCs (dDCs) that are considered macrophage-like cells with poor antigen (cross)-presenting capacity and limited migratory potential to the lymph nodes. CD14+ dDC highly express DC-SIGN, a receptor containing potent endoc
PMID 25885805

Erdheim-Chester disease.

Campochiaro C1, Tomelleri A1, Cavalli G1, Berti A1, Dagna L2.
European journal of internal medicine.Eur J Intern Med.2015 Apr 10. pii: S0953-6205(15)00077-1. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.03.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is rare form of non-Langerhans cells histiocytosis with multiorgan involvement. Individuals are more frequently affected in their fifth decade and there is a slight male prevalence. Recent studies have demonstrated that ECD patients bare mutations in the proto-oncogene
PMID 25865950

Japanese Journal

2)センチネルリンパ節の同定,生検による微小転移の検索 : 確実なリンパ節郭清と治療の個別化(シンポジウム2「子宮体癌治療戦略の新展開」,第63回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

新倉仁
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(12), 2209-2218, 2011-12-01
… Twenty-seven SLNs without metastasis, 7 SLNs with micrometastasis, and 10 SLNs with macrometastasis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using CD1a and CD83 to determine the infiltration of dendritic cells. …
NAID 110008799040