WordNet

display (clothes) as a mannequin; "model the latest fashion"
the act of representing something (usually on a smaller scale) (同)modelling, modeling
representation of something (sometimes on a smaller scale) (同)simulation
a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example" (同)example
a person who poses for a photographer or painter or sculptor; "the president didnt have time to be a model so the artist worked from photos" (同)poser
someone worthy of imitation; "every child needs a role model" (同)role model
a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems" (同)theoretical account, framework
a type of product; "his car was an old model"
construct a model of; "model an airplane" (同)mock up
form in clay, wax, etc; "model a head with clay" (同)mold, mould
plan or create according to a model or models (同)pattern
assume a posture as for artistic purposes; "We dont know the woman who posed for Leonardo so often" (同)pose, sit, posture
create a representation or model of; "The pilots are trained in conditions simulating high-altitude flights" (同)simulate
a particular functioning condition or arrangement; "switched from keyboard to voice mode"
the most frequent value of a random variable (同)modal value
any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave (同)musical mode
relating to a recently developed fashion or style; "their offices are in a modern skyscraper"; "tables in modernistic designs"; (同)modern, modernistic
a British teenager or young adult in the 1960s; noted for their clothes consciousness and opposition to the rockers
resembling sculpture; "her finely modeled features"; "rendered with...vivid sculptural effect"; "the sculpturesque beauty of the athletes bodies" (同)sculptural, sculptured, sculpturesque
a preliminary sculpture in wax or clay from which a finished work can be copied (同)modelling, molding, moulding

PrepTutorEJDIC

(通名縮小した)(…の)『模型』,ひな型《+『of』+『名』》 / 《単数形で》(…の)『模範』,手本《+『of』+(『for』)+『名』》 / (美術家・作家などの)モデル,ファッションモデル / (自動車・服装などの)型,式《+『of』+『名』》 / 《英》《単数形で》(…と)そっくりな人(物),(…の)生き写し《+『of』+『名』》 / 『模型の』,見本の / 『日範的な』,申し分のない / (ある材料で)…‘の'模型を作る,‘を'型どる《+『名』+『in』+『名』〈材料〉》 / (手本・型に合わせて)…‘を'作る《+『名』+『after』(『on, upon』)+『名』(a person's do『ing』)》 / 〈洋装・髪型などの〉‘の'モデルをする / (…で)(原型)を作る《+『in』+『名』》 / (ファッションショーなどで)モデルをする
〈C〉(…の)『方法』,やり方,流儀《+『of』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(服装などの)『流行』,モード / 〈C〉(動詞の)法,叙法(mood) / 音階(scale)
モッズふうな(服装・音楽などについて伝統にとらわれない考え方の一つ)[modernの短縮形]

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腹腔鏡下ドナー腎摘除術の利益および合併症 benefits and complications of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
2. 生体腎ドナーおよびドナー腎摘除時のリスク評価 evaluation of the living kidney donor and risk of donor nephrectomy
3. 移植腎機能不全発現後の免疫抑制治療の中止 withdrawal of immunosuppression after renal transplant failure
4. 腎細胞癌治療の概要 overview of the treatment of renal cell carcinoma
5. 常染色体優性多発性嚢胞腎の経過および治療 course and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

English Journal

Renal vascular structural properties and their alterations by removal of uraemic toxins in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.

Yamazaki H, Tomoda F, Koike T, Kinuno H, Sugimori H, Inoue H, Bannai K, Sugano M, Nishijima F.Author information The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama.AbstractRenal vascular structural properties and their alterations by removal of uraemic toxins with AST-120, an oral adsorbent, were examined in subtotal nephrectomised rats. Eight- or 9-week old Sprague-Dawley rats received 3/4 nephrectomy (n=18) and thereafter were fed 24.5% protein diet with (AST; n=9) or without (No AST; n=9) AST-120 (0.4 g/100g of body weight). Sham operated rats (Sham; n=9) received the diet without AST. At 21-22 weeks of age, flow-pressure and pressure-glomerular filtration rate relationships (F-P and P-GFR) were determined for maximally vasodilated, perfused kidneys. The gradient of F-P (minimal renal vascular resistance reflecting the overall luminal dimensions of preglomerular and postglomerular vasculature) was lower in No AST than in Sham. By contrast, the X intercept (preglomerular-to-postglomerular vascular resistance ratio) and gradient (glomerular filtration capacity) of P-GFR did not differ between the two groups. The vascular wall and lumen at the interlobular arteries were greater in No AST than in Sham. Although the vascular wall and lumen at the interlobular arteries were less in AST than in No AST, the gradient of F-P and X intercept of P-GFR did not differ between the two groups. Contrarily, glomerular filtration capacity was greater in AST than in No AST. In conclusion, the lumen of both preglomerular and postglomerular resistance vessels increased and glomerular filtration capacity failed to increase in subtotal nephrectomised rats. Uraemic toxins could play an important role in the developments of structural alterations in glomeruli rather than renal resistance vessels, in chronic kidney disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology.Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol.2014 Jan 28. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12208. [Epub ahead of print]
Renal vascular structural properties and their alterations by removal of uraemic toxins with AST-120, an oral adsorbent, were examined in subtotal nephrectomised rats. Eight- or 9-week old Sprague-Dawley rats received 3/4 nephrectomy (n=18) and thereafter were fed 24.5% protein diet with (AST; n=9)
PMID 24471839

Subtotal nephrectomy accelerates pathological cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction: implications for cardiorenal syndrome.

Liu S, Kompa AR, Kumfu S, Nishijima F, Kelly DJ, Krum H, Wang BH.Author information Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.AbstractBACKGROUND: To further understand the pathophysiology of concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunction, we investigated molecular, structural and functional changes in heart and kidney that occur when a kidney insult (5/6 nephrectomy-STNx) follows myocardial infarction (MI).
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2013 Oct 3;168(3):1866-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.12.065. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
BACKGROUND: To further understand the pathophysiology of concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunction, we investigated molecular, structural and functional changes in heart and kidney that occur when a kidney insult (5/6 nephrectomy-STNx) follows myocardial infarction (MI).METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley
PMID 23347614

Induction of AMPK activity corrects early pathophysiological alterations in the subtotal nephrectomy model of chronic kidney disease.

Satriano J, Sharma K, Blantz RC, Deng A.Author information Div. of Nephrology-Hypertension, O’Brien Kidney Center, University of California San Diego and Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92161, USA. jsatriano@ucsd.eduAbstractThe rat kidney ablation and infarction (A/I) model of subtotal or 5/6th nephrectomy is the most commonly studied model of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). The A/I kidney at 1 wk exhibits reductions in kidney function, as determined by glomerular filtration rate, and diminished metabolic efficiency as determined by oxygen consumption per sodium transport (QO2/TNa). As renoprotective AMPK activity is affected by metabolic changes and cellular stress, we evaluated AMPK activity in this model system. We show that these early pathophysiological changes are accompanied by a paradoxical decrease in AMPK activity. Over time, these kidney parameters progressively worsen with extensive kidney structural, functional, metabolic, and fibrotic changes observed at 4 wk after A/I. We show that induction of AMPK activity with either metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide increases AMPK activity in this model and also corrects kidney metabolic inefficiency, improves kidney function, and ameliorates kidney fibrosis and structural alterations. We conclude that AMPK activity is reduced in the subtotal nephrectomy model of nondiabetic CKD, that altered regulation of AMPK is coincident with the progression of disease parameters, and that restoration of AMPK activity can suppress the progressive loss of function characteristic of this model. We propose that induction of AMPK activity may prove an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of nondiabetic CKD.
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2013 Sep 1;305(5):F727-33. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00293.2013. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
The rat kidney ablation and infarction (A/I) model of subtotal or 5/6th nephrectomy is the most commonly studied model of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). The A/I kidney at 1 wk exhibits reductions in kidney function, as determined by glomerular filtration rate, and diminished metabolic eff
PMID 23825068

Japanese Journal

Five-sixth Nephrectomy in Female Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a Chronic Renal Failure Model—A Longitudinal Course of Serum Biochemical, Hematological and Histopathological Changes—

YAMAGUCHI Itaru,MYOJO Kensuke,SANADA Hiroko,TAKAMI Atsuko,SUZUKI Yui,IMAIZUMI Minami,TAKADA Chie,KIMOTO Naoya,SAEKI Koji,YAMATE Jyoji,TAKABA Katsumi
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology, 2014
… To assess the relevance and availability of subtotal nephrectomized common marmoset monkeys as a chronic renal failure (CRF) model, we observed for 26 weeks the pathophysiological condition of female marmosets subjected to five-sixth surgical nephrectomy (5/6Nx) by a two-step surgical method. … The CRF model using 5/6Nx marmosets might become a useful method of evaluating the unique mechanism of CRF development. …
NAID 130004433134

Efficacy-based identification of active component of hachimijiogan ameliorating diabetic nephropathy

YOKOZAWA Takako,YAMABE Noriko,KANG Ki Sung,PARK Chan Hum
Journal of Traditional Medicines 26(5/6), 221-229, 2009
… We evaluated the effects of hachimijiogan and identified its active compound ameliorating diabetic renal damage using a type 1 diabetic nephropathy rat model which underwent a subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin injection, and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats as a model of human type 2 diabetes and its complications. …
NAID 130004495546

Quantitative Evaluation of Effect of Renal Failure on the Pharmacokinetics of Panipenem in Rats(Biopharmacy)

Tajima Naoyuki,Soma Masako,Ishizuka Hitoshi [他],NAGANUMA Hideo
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 28(11), 2170-2172, 2005-11-01
… Panipenem and betamipron were administered intravenously to rats with a variety of renal failures, such as nephritis induced by glycerol, gentamicin, uranium and antiserum against glomerular basement membrane as well as 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy. … Panipenem in plasma and urine was determined and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a one-compartment open model. …
NAID 110003666421