成長ホルモン産生細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/29 22:22:54」(JST)

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Somatotropes are cells in the anterior pituitary that produce growth hormone (Somat/o=body troph/o=nourishment;development.)

Description

Somatotropic cells constitute 20% of anterior pituitary cells.^[1]^{[page needed]} They release growth hormone (GH) in response to Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH, or somatocrinin) or are inhibited by GHIH (somatostatin), both received from the hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system vein and the secondary plexus.

Hormone Deficiency

When levels of somatotropin are low in the body, a physician may prescribe human growth hormone as a drug—see Growth hormone treatment.

Deficiency in somatotrope secretion before puberty, or before the end of new bone tissue growth, can lead to pituitary dwarfism. When growth hormone is deficient, blood sugar is low because insulin is not opposed by normal amount of growth hormone.

Hormone Excess

If there is an excess of growth hormone it is usually because of over-secretion of somatotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland. A significant amount of excess somatotrope secretion before puberty, or before the end of new bone tissue growth, can lead to gigantism. Gigantism is a disease that causes excess growth of body (e.g. being over 7 ft. tall) and unusually long limbs. An excess of secretion of growth hormone after puberty can lead to acromegaly. This is a disease that causes abnormal growth in the hands, head, jaw, and tongue. Some symptoms associated with acromegaly include heavy sweating, oily skin, improper processing of sugars in the diet (diabetes), high blood pressure, increased calcium in urine and swelling of the thyroid gland and arthritis

Bovine

Bovine somatotropin occurs in the pituitary of cattle and differs in structure from human pituitary growth hormone and is biologically inactive in the human being. Bovine somatotropin aids in regulating the amount of milk produced. Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) is a hormone that is injected in cows that increases milk production.

References

^ Costanzo Physiology 5th edition

English Journal

Research Resource: A Genome-Wide Study Identifies Potential New Target Genes for POU1F1.

Herman JP, Jullien N, Guillen S, Enjalbert A, Pellegrini I, Franc JL.SourceCRN2M-UMR 7286 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, Boulevard P. Dramard, 13344 Marseille cedex 15, France. jean-louis.franc@univ-amu.fr.
Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.).Mol Endocrinol.2012 Aug;26(8):1455-63. Epub 2012 May 25.
The pituitary transcription factor POU1F1 is required for the differentiation of lactotrope, thyrotrope, and somatotrope cells. Its expression is maintained in the adult and is crucial for the expression of prolactin, GH, and TSHβ-subunit. Different studies indicated that POU1F1 could also have oth
PMID 22638072

Role of thymulin on the somatotropic axis in vivo.

Reggiani PC, Martines EV, Camihort GA, Poch B, Goya RG, Cónsole GM.SourceDepartment of Cytology, Histology & Embryology B, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Plata (UNLP), Argentina; INIBIOLP, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Plata (UNLP), Argentina.
Life sciences.Life Sci.2012 Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print]
AIMS: There is clear evidence for the existence of a bi-directional thymus-somatotropic axis and several studies suggest that the thymic peptide thymulin may be involved in this communication. We undertook to assess the impact of serum thymulin immunoneutralization in C57BL/6 mice and that of neonat
PMID 22781709

Japanese Journal

Impaired Development of Somatotropes, Lactotropes and Thyrotropes in Growth-Retarded (grt) Mice

, , [他], ,
Journal of toxicologic pathology 22(3), 187-194, 2009-09-01
Congenitally primary hypothyroid growth-retarded (grt) mice exhibit a characteristic growth pause followed by delayed onset of pubertal growth. We characterized the developmental pattern of somatotrop …
NAID 10030978193

The Herbal Medicine Tokishakuyakusan Increases Fetal Blood Glucose Concentrations and Growth Hormone Levels and Improves Intrauterine Growth Retardation Induced by N^ω-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester

, , [他], , ,
Journal of pharmacological sciences 104(4), 319-328, 2007-08-20
… These data suggest that enhanced proliferation of somatotrope cells of the pituitary gland and the resultant increase in GH secretion in the fetus may be involved in the improvement of IUGR by TS. …
NAID 10024315117

胚性幹細胞から成長ホルモン産生細胞への分化

工藤工
神戸大学医学部紀要 65(1/2/3/4), 25-34, 2005-03
胚性幹細胞(ES)細胞は分化の全能性を有する細胞として知られており,各種細胞への分化が報告されている。今回,下垂体細胞,特に成長ホルモン(GH)分泌細胞への分化が誘導されるかをRT-PCRを用いて検討した。ES細胞においてPtx1,Ptx2など下垂体分化の初期から認められる転写因子の発現が確認されたが,GH遺伝子の組織特異的発現を直接調節するPit1遺伝子の強制発現のみでは,内因性GHmRNAの発 …
NAID 110006483200

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体前葉ホルモン」

「下垂体前葉ホルモン」

Somatotropic cell
Identifiers
Code	TH H3.08.02.2.00021
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

英: anterior pituitary hormone
関: 下垂体前葉、下垂体、下垂体ホルモン、ホルモン

分泌されるホルモン

単純ペプチドホルモン

糖タンパク質ホルモン

GOO. chapter 55

名称		構造	分泌細胞	下垂体前葉細胞全細胞に対する産生細胞の割合	染色性		サブユニット	残基数 (aa.)	分子量 (kDa)	その他
成長ホルモン	GH	ペプチド	somatotroph	40-50%	好酸性		1	191	22
プロラクチン	PRL		mammotroph	10-25%	好酸性		1	199	23
副腎皮質刺激ホルモン	ACTH		corticotroph	0.1	好塩基性	嫌色素性	1	39	4.5	POMC由来
甲状腺刺激ホルモン	TSH	糖タンパク	thyrotroph	0.05	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:118	28	αサブユニットは共通
卵胞刺激ホルモン	FSH		gonadotroph	10-15%	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:111	32.6
黄体形成ホルモン	LH		gonadotroph	10-15%	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:121	29.4

HIM.2196

Table 333-1 Anterior Pituitary Hormone Expression and Regulation
Cell	corticotrope	somatotrope	lactotrope	thyrotrope	gonadotrope
Tissue-specific transcription factor	T-Pit	Prop-1, Pit-1	Prop-1, Pit-1	Prop-1, Pit-1, TEF	SF-1, DAX-1
Fetal appearance	6 weeks	8 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Hormone	POMC	GH	PRL	TSH	FSH LH
Chromosomal locus	2p	17q	6	－6q; －1p	－11p; －19q
Protein	ポリペプチド			糖タンパク
Amino acids	266 (ACTH 1–39)	191	199	211	210 204
Stimulators	CRH, AVP, gp-130 cytokines	GHRH, ghrelin, bromocriptine⁽¹⁾	estrogen, TRH, VIP	TRH	GnRH, activins, estrogen
Inhibitors	glucocorticoids	somatostatin, IGF-I	dopamine	T3, T4, dopamine, somatostatin, glucocorticoids	sex steroids, inhibin
Target gland	adrenal	liver, other tissues	breast, other tissues	thyroid	ovary, testis
Trophic effect	steroid production	IGF-I production, growth induction, insulin antagonism	milk production	T4 synthesis and secretion	sex steroid production, follicle growth, germ cell maturation

(1):QB.D-253

分泌の制御

[1] Costanzo Physiology 5th edition

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案内

案内

somatotrope