lactotrope

• 乳腺刺激ホルモン分泌細胞、プロラクチン分泌細胞

関

lactotroph

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/25 22:24:26」(JST)

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Prolactin cell
Identifiers
Code	TH H3.08.02.2.00022
Anatomical terminology

Prolactin cell (also known as epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotropic cell, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin in response to hormonal signals including dopamine which is inhibitory and thyrotropin-releasing hormone which is secretagogue. Other regulators include oxytocin, estrogen and progesterone.

Prolactin is involved in the maturation of mammary glands and their secretion of milk in association with oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids, and others. Prolactin has numerous other effects in both sexes.

Prolactin cells are acidophilic by hematoxylin & eosin stains and comprise about 20% of all cells in the anterior pituitary gland. If these cells undergo neoplastic transformation, they will give rise to a prolactinoma, a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma.

External links

• "Lactotroph" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 成人における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults

English Journal

• A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of cardiac valvular abnormalities in hyperprolactinemic patients treated with ergot-derived dopamine agonists.

• Drake WM1, Stiles CE, Howlett TA, Toogood AA, Bevan JS, Steeds RP; UK Dopamine Agonist Valvulopathy Group.Collaborators (31)Aylwin SJ, Baldeweg FC, Baldeweg SE, Burns S, Carroll PV, Crown AL, Davies E, Gibb FW, Gurnell M, Han TS, James R, Joseph F, Karavitaki N, Kearney T, Lawrence VJ, Leese G, Lipscombe D, Martin N, Mullen K, Murray RD, Richardson T, Rees DA, Sherlock M, Stojanovic N, Swords FM, Theodoraki A, Thomas JD, Trainer PJ, Vaidya B, Vanderpump M, Weaver JU.
• The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2014 Jan;99(1):90-6. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2254. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
• CONTEXT: Concern exists in the literature that the long-term use of ergot-derived dopamine agonist drugs for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia may be associated with clinically significant valvular heart disease.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of valvular heart abno
• PMID 24187407

• Correlations of pituitary tumor transforming gene expression with human pituitary adenomas: a meta-analysis.

• Xiao JQ1, Liu XH1, Hou B2, Yao Y1, Deng K1, Feng M1, Xing B1, Lian W1, Wang RZ1, Feng F2.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.2Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.AbstractOBJECTIVE: Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is an important paracrine growth factor involved in early lactotrope transformation and early onset of angiogenesis in pituitary hyperplasia. Emerging evidences have shown that PTTG expression may contribute to the etiology of pituitary adenomas; but individually published studies showed inconclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the correlations of PTTG expression with human pituitary adenomas.
• PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Mar 4;9(3):e90396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090396. eCollection 2014.
• OBJECTIVE: Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) is an important paracrine growth factor involved in early lactotrope transformation and early onset of angiogenesis in pituitary hyperplasia. Emerging evidences have shown that PTTG expression may contribute to the etiology of pituitary adenomas; b
• PMID 24594688

• Anterior pituitary morphology and hormone production during sustained critical illness in a rabbit model.

• Langouche L1, Princen L, Gunst J, Güiza F, Derde S, Van den Berghe G.Author information 1Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Lies.langouche@med.kuleuven.beAbstractProlonged critical illness is hallmarked by striking alterations in the somatrope, thyrotrope, and lactotrope axes, the severity of which is associated with the risk of morbidity and mortality. The exact role of the pituitary gland in these alterations is unknown. We studied the impact of sustained critical illness on pituitary morphology and hormone production in a standardized rabbit model of prolonged (7 days) burn injury-induced critical illness. In healthy and prolonged critically ill rabbits, we determined pituitary weight, size, morphology and orientation of the somatrope, lactotrope and thyrotrope cells and the pituitary expression of GH, PRL, and TSH at gene and protein level. The weight of the pituitary gland was unaltered by 7 days of critical illness. Also, spatial orientation and morphology of the GH, PRL, and TSH producing cells remained normal. In prolonged critically ill rabbits GH mRNA levels were higher and PRL mRNA levels were lower than in healthy controls, whereas TSH mRNA was not affected. The sizes of GH, PRL, or TSH producing cells and the pituitary content of GH, PRL, and TSH proteins were unaltered. In conclusion, in this rabbit model of prolonged critical illness, the morphology of the pituitary gland and the pituitary GH, PRL, and TSH content was normal. The alterations in pituitary hormone mRNA levels with sustained critical illness are compatible with altered hypothalamic and peripheral regulation of pituitary hormone release as previously suggested indirectly by responses to exogenous releasing factors.
• Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et métabolisme.Horm Metab Res.2013 Apr;45(4):277-82. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1327605. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
• Prolonged critical illness is hallmarked by striking alterations in the somatrope, thyrotrope, and lactotrope axes, the severity of which is associated with the risk of morbidity and mortality. The exact role of the pituitary gland in these alterations is unknown. We studied the impact of sustained
• PMID 23093461

Japanese Journal

• Activities of bone morphogenetic proteins in prolactin regulation by somatostatin analogs in rat pituitary GH3 cells

• Tsukamoto Naoko,Otsuka Fumio,Miyoshi Tomoko,Inagaki Kenichi,Nakamura Eri,Suzuki Jiro,Ogura Toshio,Iwasaki Yasumasa,Makino Hirofumi
• Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 332(1-2), 163-169, 2011-01-30
• … GH3 cells are rat pituitary somato-lactotrope tumor cells that express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and BMP system molecules including BMP-4 and -6. … BMPs may play a key role in the modulation of SSTR sensitivity of somato-lactotrope cells in an autocrine/paracrine manner. …
• NAID 120003497020

• Impaired Development of Somatotropes, Lactotropes and Thyrotropes in Growth-Retarded (grt) Mice

• Kobayashi Kenichi,Yamamoto Kazutoshi,Kikuyama Sakae,Machida Takeo,Kobayashi Tetsuya
• Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 22(3), 187-194, 2009
• Congenitally primary hypothyroid growth-retarded (grt) mice exhibit a characteristic growth pause followed by delayed onset of pubertal growth. We characterized the developmental pattern of somatotrop …
• NAID 130000137720

Related Links

• Lactotrope | definition of lactotrope by Medical dictionary

lactotroph [lak´to-trōf″] a type of acidophil in the adenohypophysis that secretes prolactin. Called also lactotrope, luteotroph, and mammotroph. lactotrope /lac·to·trope/ (lak´to-trōp) lactotroph. lactotrope an acidophilic cell of the ...

• Learn and talk about Lactotrope, Human cells, Peptide ...

Learn and talk about Lactotrope , and check out Lactotrope on Wikipedia, Youtube, Google News, Google Books, and Twitter on Digplanet.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体前葉ホルモン」「乳腺刺激ホルモン分泌細胞」

「下垂体前葉ホルモン」

　　[★]

英

anterior pituitary hormone

関

下垂体前葉、下垂体、下垂体ホルモン、ホルモン

分泌されるホルモン

• 単純ペプチドホルモン

• 成長ホルモン(growth hormone, GH)
• 副腎皮質刺激ホルモン(adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH)
• プロラクチン(prolactin)

• 糖タンパク質ホルモン

• 甲状腺刺激ホルモン(thyroid-stimulating hormone,TSH)
• 卵胞刺激ホルモン(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)
• 黄体形成ホルモン(luteinizing hormone, LH)

GOO. chapter 55

名称		構造	分泌細胞	下垂体前葉細胞 全細胞に対する 産生細胞の割合	染色性		サブユニット	残基数 (aa.)	分子量 (kDa)	その他
成長ホルモン	GH	ペプチド	somatotroph	40-50%	好酸性		1	191	22
プロラクチン	PRL		mammotroph	10-25%	好酸性		1	199	23
副腎皮質刺激ホルモン	ACTH		corticotroph	0.1	好塩基性	嫌色素性	1	39	4.5	POMC由来
甲状腺刺激ホルモン	TSH	糖タンパク	thyrotroph	0.05	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:118	28	αサブユニットは共通
卵胞刺激ホルモン	FSH		gonadotroph	10-15%	好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:111	32.6
黄体形成ホルモン	LH				好塩基性		2	α: 92, β:121	29.4

HIM.2196

Table 333-1 Anterior Pituitary Hormone Expression and Regulation
Cell	corticotrope	somatotrope	lactotrope	thyrotrope	gonadotrope
Tissue-specific transcription factor	T-Pit	Prop-1, Pit-1	Prop-1, Pit-1	Prop-1, Pit-1, TEF	SF-1, DAX-1
Fetal appearance	6 weeks	8 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Hormone	POMC	GH	PRL	TSH	FSH LH
Chromosomal locus	2p	17q	6	－6q; －1p	－11p; －19q
Protein	ポリペプチド			糖タンパク
Amino acids	266 (ACTH 1–39)	191	199	211	210 204
Stimulators	CRH, AVP, gp-130 cytokines	GHRH, ghrelin, bromocriptine(1)	estrogen, TRH, VIP	TRH	GnRH, activins, estrogen
Inhibitors	glucocorticoids	somatostatin, IGF-I	dopamine	T3, T4, dopamine, somatostatin, glucocorticoids	sex steroids, inhibin
Target gland	adrenal	liver, other tissues	breast, other tissues	thyroid	ovary, testis
Trophic effect	steroid production	IGF-I production, growth induction, insulin antagonism	milk production	T4 synthesis and secretion	sex steroid production, follicle growth, germ cell maturation

(1):QB.D-253

「乳腺刺激ホルモン分泌細胞」

　　[★]

英

lactotroph、lactotrope

関

プロラクチン分泌細胞