WordNet

without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold; "he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash"
the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
low in stature; not tall; "he was short and stocky"; "short in stature"; "a short smokestack"; "a little man" (同)little
lacking foresight or scope; "a short view of the problem"; "shortsighted policies"; "shortsighted critics derided the plan"; "myopic thinking" (同)shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic
at a disadvantage; "I was caught short" (同)unawares
(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length; "short skirts"; "short hair"; "the board was a foot short"; "a short toss"
at some point or distance before a goal is reached; "he fell short of our expectations"
clean across; "the cars axle snapped short"
not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices; "a short sale"; "short in cotton"
of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration; "the English vowel sounds in `pat, `pet, `pit, `pot, putt are short"
primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; "a short life"; "a short flight"; "a short holiday"; "a short story"; "only a few short months"
so as to interrupt; "She took him up short before he could continue"
tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening; "shortbread is a short crumbly cookie"; "a short flaky pie crust"
fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
a unit of length
a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
anything that acts as a restraint
(chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
(business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
connect or arrange into a chain by linking
having an (over)abundance of flesh; "he hadnt remembered how fat she was"
a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
marked by great fruitfulness; "fertile farmland"; "a fat land"; "a productive vineyard"; "rich soil" (同)fertile, productive, rich
lucrative; "a juicy contract"; "a nice fat job" (同)juicy
having a relatively large diameter; "a fat rope"
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
containing or composed of fat; "fatty food"; "fat tissue" (同)fat

PrepTutorEJDIC

(長さ・時間・距離などが)『短い』,近い・(人が)『背が低い』・(数量・期間などが)不足の』,乏しい;目標(標準)に達しない・(文などが)『簡潔な』,手短な・『そっけない』,ぞんぞいな,無愛想な・(ケーキなどが)かりかりする,さくさくする・(母音・音節が)短い;(詩の行の母音が)強勢のない・急に,突然・短いもの;欠けているもの・短篇映画(short movie, short subject) ・=short circuit・《複数形で》不足,欠損 / …‘を'短絡させる,ショートさせる / 短絡する,ショートする
『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》
『脂肪』,脂肪分 / (動物の)あぶら身 / (料理用の)油,ヘット / 肥満,太り過ぎ / 『太った』,肥満した / 『脂肪の多い』 / たっぷりとはいった,分厚い / もうかる / (土地が)肥えた / …‘を'太らせる / ふとる,肥える
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
脂肪質の,脂肪の多い / でぶ,太っちょ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/30 15:15:56」(JST)

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Acetic acid

Caproic acid

Short-chain fatty acids are a sub-group of fatty acids with aliphatic tails of less than six carbons.^[1] They include:

Formic acid
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Isobutyric acid (2-methylpropanoic acid)
Butyric acid
Isovaleric acid (3-methylbutanoic acid)
Valeric acid (pentanoic acid)

Short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed through the portal vein during lipid digestion,^[2] while long-chain fatty acids are packed into chylomicrons and enter lymphatic capillaries, and enter the blood first at the subclavian vein.

Short-chain fatty acids are produced when dietary fiber is fermented in the colon.^[3] One of these, called butyrate, is particularly important for colon health because it is the primary energy source for colonic cells and has anti-carcinogenic as well as anti-inflammatory properties^[4] that are important for keeping colon cells healthy.^[5]^[6] Published research has shown that butyrate inhibits the growth and proliferation of tumor cell lines in vitro, induces differentiation of tumor cells, producing a phenotype similar to that of the normal mature cell,^[7] and induces apoptosis or programmed cell death of human colorectal cancer cells.^[8]^[9]

References

^ Brody, Tom (1999). Nutritional Biochemistry (2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 320. ISBN 0121348369. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
^ Kuksis, Arnis (2000). "Biochemistry of Glycerolipids and Formation of Chylomicrons". In Christophe, Armand B.; DeVriese, Stephanie. Fat Digestion and Absorption. The American Oil Chemists Society. p. 163. ISBN 189399712X. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
^ Wong, Julia M.; de Souza, Russell; Kendall, Cyril W.; Emam, Azadeh; Jenkins, David J. (2006). "Colonic Health: Fermentation and Short Chain Fatty Acids". Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 40 (3): 235–243. doi:10.1097/00004836-200603000-00015. PMID 16633129. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Greer JB, O'Keefe SJ (2011). "Microbial induction of immunity, inflammation, and cancer". Front Physiol 1: 168. doi:10.3389/fphys.2010.00168. PMC 3059938. PMID 21423403.
^ Scheppach W (January 1994). "Effects of short chain fatty acids on gut morphology and function". Gut 35 (1 Suppl): S35–8. doi:10.1136/gut.35.1_Suppl.S35. PMC 1378144. PMID 8125387.
^ Andoh A, Tsujikawa T, Fujiyama Y (2003). "Role of dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids in the colon". Curr. Pharm. Des. 9 (4): 347–58. doi:10.2174/1381612033391973. PMID 12570825.
^ Toscani A, Soprano DR, Soprano KJ (1988). "Molecular analysis of sodium butyrate-induced growth arrest". Oncogene Res. 3 (3): 223–38. PMID 3144695.
^ Wong JM, de Souza R, Kendall CW, Emam A, Jenkins DJ (March 2006). "Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 40 (3): 235–43. doi:10.1097/00004836-200603000-00015. PMID 16633129.
^ Scharlau D, Borowicki A, Habermann N et al. (2009). "Mechanisms of primary cancer prevention by butyrate and other products formed during gut flora-mediated fermentation of dietary fibre". Mutat. Res. 682 (1): 39–53. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.04.001. PMID 19383551.

External links

A review of the biological properties of SCFA from the Danone Institute via archive.org

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Characterisation of Australian Verdelho wines from the Queensland Granite Belt region.

Sonni F1, Moore EG2, Chinnici F3, Riponi C3, Smyth HE4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:1163-71. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.057. Epub 2015 Oct 23.
Verdelho is a white-grape-vine, growing well in the Granite Belt region of Queensland. Despite its traditional use in Madeira wine production, there is scant literature on the flavour characteristics of this variety as a dry wine. In this work, for the first time, volatile compounds of Verdelho wine
PMID 26593603

Physico-chemical changes during storage and sensory acceptance of low sodium probiotic Minas cheese added with arginine.

Felicio TL1, Esmerino EA2, Vidal VA2, Cappato LP3, Garcia RK2, Cavalcanti RN2, Freitas MQ4, Conte Junior CA4, Padilha MC5, Silva MC1, Raices RS1, Arellano DB2, Bollini HM2, Pollonio MA2, Cruz AG6.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:628-37. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.102. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
The partial substitution of sodium chloride by potassium chloride (0%, 25%, and 50%) and addition of arginine (1% w/w) in probiotic Minas cheese was investigated. Microbiological (Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus counts, and functionality of the prebiotics L. acidophilus), physicoche
PMID 26593536

Ethylene and 1-MCP regulate major volatile biosynthetic pathways in apple fruit.

Yang X1, Song J2, Du L1, Forney C3, Campbell-Palmer L3, Fillmore S3, Wismer P4, Zhang Z1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:325-36. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.018. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
The effects of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on apple fruit volatile biosynthesis and gene expression were investigated. Statistical analysis identified 17 genes that changed significantly in response to ethylene and 1-MCP treatments. Genes encoding branched-chain amino acid aminotransfe
PMID 26471562

Japanese Journal

Pyrolytic characteristics of biodiesel prepared from lipids accumulated in diatom cells with growth regulation(ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY)

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 120(2), 161-166, 2015-08
NAID 110009978127

Ice core profiles of saturated fatty acids (C-12:0-C-30:0) and oleic acid (C-18:1) from southern Alaska since 1734 AD: A link to climate change in the Northern Hemisphere