concatenation

• n.

• 連結、鎖状体形成

関

catenate、connect、join、juncture、ligate、ligation、link

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. the linking together of a consecutive series of symbols or events or ideas etc; "it was caused by an improbable concatenation of circumstances"
2. the state of being linked together as in a chain; union in a linked series
3. the act of linking together as in a series or chain
4. land on or hit solidly; "The brick connected on her head, knocking her out"
5. be or become joined or united or linked; "The two streets connect to become a highway"; "Our paths joined"; "The travelers linked up again at the airport" (同)link, link up, join, unite
6. connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces; "Can you connect the two loudspeakers?"; "Tie the ropes together"; "Link arms" (同)link, tie, link up
7. be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as in transportation; "The local train does not connect with the Amtrak train"; "The planes dont connect and you will have to wait for four hours"
8. establish a rapport or relationship; "The President of this university really connects with the faculty"
9. hit or play a ball successfully; "The batter connected for a home run"
10. join by means of communication equipment; "The telephone company finally put in lines to connect the towns in this area"
11. join for the purpose of communication; "Operator, could you connect me to the Raffles in Singapore?"
12. come into the company of; "She joined him for a drink"
13. cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" (同)bring together
14. make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" (同)conjoin
15. become part of; become a member of a group or organization; "He joined the Communist Party as a young man" (同)fall_in, get together
16. the means of connection between things linked in series (同)nexus
17. a unit of length equal to 1/100 of a chain
18. an interconnecting circuit between two or more locations for the purpose of transmitting and receiving data (同)data link
19. a fastener that serves to join or connect; "the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction" (同)linkup, tie, tie-in
20. (computing) an instruction that connects one part of a program or an element on a list to another program or list
21. a crisis situation or point in time when a critical decision must be made; "at that juncture he had no idea what to do"; "he must be made to realize that the company stands at a critical point" (同)critical_point, crossroads
22. an event that occurs at a critical time; "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave"; "it was needed only on special occasions" (同)occasion
23. join letters in a ligature when writing
24. bind with a bandage or ligature; "ligate the artery"
25. bind chemically; "The enzyme ligated"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉連結すること / 〈U〉連結された状態 / 〈C〉(…の)一連の物事(事件)《+『of』+『名』》
2. 〈2個の物〉'を'『連結する』,結びつける;(…と)…'を'結合する電話でつなぐ《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《受動態で》(…と)…'を'『関係させる』,親類関係にする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…で)…'を'連想する,結びつけて考える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈物・事柄などが〉(…と)関連している,つながる《+『with』+『名』(『wh-節』)》 / 〈交通機関が〉(…と)連絡(接続)している《+『with』+『名』》
3. 〈二つ以上のもの〉‘を'『つなぐ』,結合する《+『名』+『together』(『up』)》;(…に)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『to』(『onto』)+『名』》 / (線などで)〈二つ以上のもの〉‘の'間を結ぶ(つなぐ)《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』》 / (友情・結婚などで)〈人〉‘を'結びつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / 〈川・道などが〉…‘と'いっしょになる,合流する / 〈会など〉‘に'『加入する』 / (…で)〈人〉‘の'『仲間に入る』,‘と'いっしょになる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』(『for』)+『名』,+『名』〈人〉+『in』do『ing』》 / (…に)『加わる』《+『in』+『名』〈事〉/+『in』 『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人と…を)『ともにする』《+『with』+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(doing)》 / 〈川・道などが〉『いっしょになる』,合流する / 接合箇所(点,面,線);継ぎ目
4. (鎖の)『輪』,環 / 鎖のようにつながったソーセージの一節 / (…と)つなぐ物(人),(…との)きずな,つながり《+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《複数形で》=cuff links / …‘を'『つなぎ合わせる』,連結する;(…と)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…と)結合する,つながる《+[『up』(『together』)]『with』+『名』》
5. たいまつ
6. 〈U〉〈C〉連結,接合,接続 / 〈C〉連結点,接合線,継ぎ目,縫い目 / 〈C〉時点,(特に)重大な時点;危機(crisis) / 〈U〉〈C〉連接,ジャンクチャー(語・句・節・文の発音上の切れ目を示す音声的特徴)
7. 〈動脈など〉‘を'結紮(けつさつ)する, くくる, 縛る

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/25 18:43:14」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the string operation of computer programming. For other uses, see Concatenation (disambiguation).

For concatenation of general lists, see Append.

Programming language comparisons
General comparison Basic syntax Basic instructions Functional instructions Arrays Associative arrays String operations String functions List comprehension Object-oriented programming Object-oriented constructors Database access
Evaluation strategy List of "Hello World" programs
Web application frameworks Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms
Languages with dependent types
Comparison of individual programming languages ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60 ALGOL 60: Comparisons with other languages Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++ ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages Compatibility of C and C++ Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi Comparison of Object Pascal and C Comparison of Pascal and C Comparison of Java and C++ Comparison of C# and Java Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET

In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball". In some but not all formalisations of concatenation theory, also called string theory, string concatenation is a primitive notion.

Syntax

In many programming languages, string concatenation is a binary infix operator. The + (plus) operator is often overloaded to denote concatenation for string arguments: "Hello, " + "World" has the value "Hello, World". In other languages there is a separate operator, particularly to specify implicit type conversion to string, as opposed to more complicated behavior for generic plus. Examples include . in Edinburgh IMP, Perl, and PHP, and & in Ada and Visual Basic. Other syntax exists, like || in PL/I and Oracle Database SQL.

In a few languages, notably C, C++, and Python, there is string literal concatenation, meaning that adjacent string literals are concatenated, without any operator: "Hello, " "World" has the value "Hello, World". In other languages, concatenation of string literals with an operator is evaluated at compile time, via constant folding.

Implementation

In programming, string concatenation generally occurs at run time, as string values are not in general known until run time. However, in the case of string literals, the values are known at compile time, and thus string concatenation can be done at compile time, either via string literal concatenation or via constant folding.

Concatenation of sets of strings

In formal language theory and pattern matching (including regular expressions), the concatenation operation on strings is generalised to an operation on sets of strings as follows:

For two sets of strings S₁ and S₂, the concatenation S₁S₂ consists of all strings of the form vw where v is a string from S₁ and w is a string from S₂, or formally S₁S₂ = { vw : v ∈ S₁, w ∈ S₂ }. Many authors also use concatenation of a string set and a single string, and vice versa, which are defined similarly by S₁w = { vw : v ∈ S₁ } and vS₂ = { vw : w ∈ S₂ }. In these definitions, the string vw is the ordinary concatenation of strings v and w as defined in the introductory section.

For example, if F = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h }, and R = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }, then FR denotes the set of all chess board coordinates in algebraic notation, while eR denotes the set of all coordinates of the kings' file.

In this context, sets of strings are often referred to as formal languages. The concatenation operator is usually expressed as simple juxtaposition (as with multiplication).

Algebraic properties

The strings over an alphabet, with the concatenation operation, form an associative algebraic structure with identity element the null string—a free monoid.

Sets of strings with concatenation and alternation form a semiring, with concatenation (*) distributing over alternation (+); 0 is the empty set and 1 the set consisting of just the null string.

Applications

Audio/telephony

In programming for telephony, concatenation is used to provide dynamic audio feedback to a user. For example in a "time of day" speaking clock, concatenation is used to give the correct time by playing the appropriate recordings concatenated together. For example:

• "At the tone the time will be"
• "Eight"
• "Thirty"
• "Five"
• "and"
• "Twenty"
• "Two"
• "Seconds"

The recordings themselves exist separately, but playing them one after the other provides a grammatically correct sentence to the listener.

This technique is also used in number change announcements, voice mail systems, or most telephony applications that provide dynamic feedback to the caller (e.g. moviefone, tellme, and others).

Programming for any kind of computerised public address system can also employ concatenation for dynamic public announcements (for example, flights in an airport). The system would archive recorded speech of numbers, routes or airlines, destinations, times, etc. and play them back in a specific sequence to produce a grammatically correct sentence that is announced throughout the facility.

Database theory

One of the principles of relational database design is that the fields of data tables should reflect a single characteristic of the table's subject, which means that they should not contain concatenated strings. When concatenation is desired in a report, it should be provided at the time of running the report. For example, to display the physical address of a certain customer, the data might include building number, street name, building subunit number, city name, state/province name, postal code, and country name, e.g., "123 Fake St Apt 4, Boulder, CO 80302, USA", which combines seven fields. However, the customers data table should not use one field to store that concatenated string; rather, the concatenation of the seven fields should happen upon running the report. The reason for such principles is that without them, the entry and updating of large volumes of data becomes error-prone and labor-intensive. Separately entering the city, state, ZIP code, and nation allows data-entry validation (such as detecting an invalid state abbreviation). Then those separate items can be used for sorting or indexing the records, such as all with "Boulder" as the city name.

References

• John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading Massachusetts, 1979. ISBN 0-201-02988-X.
• JOHN CORCORAN, WILLIAM FRANK, and MICHAEL MALONEY, String theory, Journal of Symbolic Logic, vol. 39 (1974) pp. 625– 637

English Journal

• A multigene species tree for Western Mediterranean painted frogs (Discoglossus).

• Pabijan M, Crottini A, Reckwell D, Irisarri I, Hauswaldt JS, Vences M.SourceDivision of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. maciej.pabijan@uj.edu.pl
• Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2012 Sep;64(3):690-6. Epub 2012 May 26.
• Painted frogs (Discoglossus) are an anuran clade that originated in the Upper Miocene. Extant species are morphologically similar and have a circum-Mediterranean distribution. We assembled a multilocus dataset from seven nuclear and four mitochondrial genes for several individuals of all but one of
• PMID 22641173

• Assessing brain connectivity at rest is clinically relevant in early multiple sclerosis.

• Faivre A, Rico A, Zaaraoui W, Crespy L, Reuter F, Wybrecht D, Soulier E, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Cozzone PJ, Pelletier J, Ranjeva JP, Audoin B.SourceAix-Marseille Univ, CRMBM, UMR 6612, 13005, Marseille, France.
• Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England).Mult Scler.2012 Sep;18(9):1251-8. Epub 2012 Feb 3.
• OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to determine the clinical counterpart of brain resting-state networks reorganization recently evidenced in early multiple sclerosis.METHODS: Thirteen patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 14 matched healthy controls were included in a restin
• PMID 22307385

• Inferring the Evolutionary History of IncP-1 Plasmids Despite Incongruence among Backbone Gene Trees.

• Sen D, Brown CJ, Top EM, Sullivan J.SourceInstitute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID 83844-3051, USA.
• Molecular biology and evolution.Mol Biol Evol.2012 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print]
• Plasmids of the incompatibility group IncP-1 can transfer and replicate in many genera of the Proteobacteria. They are composed of backbone genes that encode a variety of essential functions as well as accessory genes that have implications for human health and environmental remediation. While it is
• PMID 22936717

Japanese Journal

• Concatenationの理論と本質的決定不可能性 (形式体系と計算理論)

• 堀畑 佳宏
• 数理解析研究所講究録 1729, 18-35, 2011-02
• NAID 110008425404

• MBMSにおける階層情報伝送のための一括FEC手法の検討 (無線通信システム)

• 岩永 久志,森野 博章,斉藤 佳子 [他]
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 110(369), 191-195, 2011-01-20
• NAID 40018271797

• MBMSにおける階層情報伝送のための一括FEC手法の検討 (信号処理)

• 岩永 久志,森野 博章,斉藤 佳子 [他]
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 110(368), 191-195, 2011-01-20
• NAID 40018271747

Related Links

• Concatenation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining two character strings end-to-end. For example, the strings "snow" and "ball" may be concatenated to give "snowball". In many programming languages, ...

• concatenationの意味 - 英和辞典 Weblio辞書

2010年7月1日 ... concatenationの意味や和訳。 【名詞】1【不可算名詞】 連結(すること), 連鎖.2【可算 名詞】 〔事件などの〕 ... 用例a concatenation of accidents 事故の連続. - 約487万 語ある英和辞典・和英辞典。発音・イディオムも分かる英語辞書。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「connect」「link」「join」「ligate」「連結」

「connect」

　　[★]

• v.

• 結合する、連絡する、結線する、連結する、関係する、結びつける、接続する

関

access、associate、bind、binding、bond、bonding、catenate、combine、communicate、communication、concatenation、concern、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connection、contact、correlation、couple、dock、engage、engagement、germane、implicate、interplay、join、juncture、liaison、ligate、ligation、link、linkage、pertain、pertinent、referable、relate、relation、relationship、respect、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「link」

　　[★]

• n.

• 関連、連鎖、連結、リンク

• v.

• 関連づける、連結する、連接する

関

associate、association、attach、bearing、bind、catenate、catenation、concatenation、connect、connection、correlate、correlation、implicate、implication、join、juncture、ligate、ligation、linkage、linked、pertinent、reference、relate、relation、relationship、relative、relevance、relevant

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「join」

　　[★]

• v.

• 連結する、結合する、参加する

関

associate、attend、bind、binding、bond、bonding、catenate、combine、concatenation、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、couple、dock、engage、engagement、juncture、ligate、ligation、link、linkage、participation、symphysial、union

PHP

implode() のエイリアス

　 　 　 　 　

「ligate」

　　[★]

• v.

• 連結する、結合する、結紮する

関

associate、banding、bind、binding、bond、bonding、catenate、combine、concatenation、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、couple、dock、engage、engagement、join、juncture、ligation、link、linkage、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　

「連結」

　　[★]

英

link、ligation、concatenation、juncture、link、connect、join、ligate、catenate

関

核酸連結、関係、関連、結合、結紮、結線、接合、接合部、結びつける、ライゲーション、連鎖、連接、連絡、参加、接続、鎖状体形成、リンク、関連づける

-ligation