WordNet

feel concern or interest; "I really care about my work"; "I dont care"
the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something; "no medical care was required"; "the old car needs constant attention" (同)attention, aid, tending
attention and management implying responsibility for safety; "he is in the care of a bodyguard" (同)charge, tutelage, guardianship
activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; "he wrote the manual on car care" (同)maintenance, upkeep
a cause for feeling concern; "his major care was the illness of his wife"
provide care for; "The nurse was caring for the wounded" (同)give care
a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; "he needs a car to get to work" (同)auto, automobile, machine, motorcar
where passengers ride up and down; "the car was on the top floor" (同)elevator car
the compartment that is suspended from an airship and that carries personnel and the cargo and the power plant (同)gondola
a wheeled vehicle adapted to the rails of railroad; "three cars had jumped the rails" (同)railcar, railway car, railroad car
(used as a combining form) relating to--of or by or to or from or for--the self; "self-knowledge"; "self-proclaimed"; "self-induced"
your consciousness of your own identity (同)ego
a person considered as a unique individual; "ones own self"
feeling and exhibiting concern and empathy for others; "caring friends"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『心配』,気がかり,悩み / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》心配事,苦労の種 / 〈U〉『細心の注意』,十二分の用心 / 〈U〉(…の)『世話』,監督,保護《+『for(of)+名』》 / 〈C〉関心事,気を配るべきこと / 『気にする』,心配する,関心がある / …『したいと思う』,欲する,好む
『自動車』(automobile)電車(streetcar) / 《米》(鉄道の)『車両』;客車,貨車 / (気球などの)かご;(エレベーターの)箱
(他人と区別して)『自己』,自分,自身 / 〈C〉(人・物の)本質,個性;性格の一面 / 〈U〉私利,私欲,私心 / 同じ材料でできた,共ぎれの
circa

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/08 13:38:47」(JST)

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This article is about the maintenance of one's personal well-being and health. For a person's assessment of his/her own value and dignity, see Self-esteem.

Asthma inhalers contain a medication that treats the symptoms of asthma

Blood sugar testing for diabetes

Self care refers to actions and attitudes which contribute to the maintenance of well-being and personal health and promote human development. In terms of health maintenance, self care is any activity of an individual, family or community, with the intention of improving or restoring health, or treating or preventing disease. A holistic health approach is common in self care.

Some place self care on a continuum with health care providers at the opposite end to self care.^[1] In modern medicine, preventive medicine aligns most closely with self care. A lack of adherence to medical advice and mental illness can make self care difficult.^[2] Self care is seen as a partial solution to the global rise in health care costs placed on governments. The notion that self care is a fundamental pillar of health and social care means it is an essential component of a modern health care system governed by bureacracy and legislation.^[3]

Self care is the primary form of primary care due to illness.^[4] Self-management is critical.^[5] Self care is any necessary human regulatory function which is under individual control, deliberate and lay initiated.^[5] Self care is learned, purposeful and is continuous.^[6] In philosophy, self care refers to the care and cultivation of self in a comprehensive sense, focusing in particular on the soul and the knowledge of self.

Universal requisites[edit]

There are a number of self-care requisite applicable to all humans across all ages necessary to fundamental human needs.^[6] Humans need to intake a sufficient amount of air, water and food. Care needs to be taken with the process of elimination and excrement. There must be a balance between rest and activity as well as between solitude and social activities.^[6] The prevention and avoidance of human hazards and the promotion within social groups are also requisites. Maturity requires the autonomous practice of self care duties.^[7]

Health maintenance[edit]

Food pyramid

Women bathing

Maintaining fitness at an elderly age

Sleep is a fundamental human need

Self care includes all health decisions people (as individuals or consumers) make for themselves and their families to get and stay physically and mentally fit. Self care includes exercising to maintain physical fitness and good mental health, as well as eating well, practicing good hygiene and avoiding health hazards such as smoking and drinking to prevent ill health. Self care is also taking care of minor ailments, long term conditions, or one’s own health after discharge from secondary and tertiary health care. For instances of neck pain, for example, self care is the recommended treatment.^[8]

Patients who are better informed and more educated to possess greater motivation for self care.^[1] Individuals conduct self care and experts and professionals support self care to enable individuals to do enhanced self care. The recognition and evaluation of symptoms is a key aspect of self care.^[4] The main issues involved with self care and the onset of illness are medically related such managing drug side effects, emotions and psychological issues, changes to lifestyle and knowledge acquisition to assist in decision-making.^[1]

Self care support has crucial enabling value and considerable scope in developing countries with an already overburdened health care system. But it also has an essential role to play in affluent countries where people are becoming more conscious about their health and want to have a greater role in taking care of themselves.

To enable people to do enhanced self care, they can be supported in various ways and by different service providers.

Support[edit]

Self care support can include the following:

Self care information on health and human body systems, lifestyle and healthy eating.
Support to capture, manage, interpret, and report observations of daily living (ODLs),^[9] the tracking of trends, and the use of the resulting information as clues for self care action and decision making.
Information prescriptions^[10] providing personalised information and instructions to enable an individual to self care and take control of their health
Self care and self monitoring devices and assistive technology^[11]
Self care skills and life skills training programmes and courses for people
Aid from spiritual care givers
Advice from licensed counselors, clinical social workers, psychotherapists, pharmacists, physiotherapists and complementary therapists
Self care support networks which can be face to face or virtual, and made up of peers or people who want to provide support to others or receive support and information from others. (Including a self care Primer for provider/consumer convergence.)

Approaches[edit]

Self care practices are shaped by what are seen as the proper lifestyle choices of local communities. Health-related self care topics include;

General fitness training and physical exercise
Healthy diet, diet foods and fasting
Smoking cessation and avoiding alcohol abuse
Personal hygiene
Life extension
Pain management
Stress management
Alternative medicine such as homeopathy and home remedies
Self-help and personal development
Self care portals^[12] and the use of health apps

A lack of self care in terms of personal health, hygiene and living conditions is referred to as self-neglect. The use of caregivers and Personal Care Assistants may be needed. An aging population is seeking greater self care knowledge primarily within families connections and with responsibility usually belonging to the mother.^[7]

Philosophy[edit]

Michael Foucault understood the art of living (French art de vivre, Latin ars vivendi) and the care of self (French le souci de soi) to be central to philosophy. The third volume of his three-volume study The History of Sexuality is dedicated to this notion. For Foucault, the notion of care of self (epimeleia heautou) of Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy comprises an attitude towards the self, others and the world, as well as a certain form of attention. For Foucault, the pursuit of the care for one's own well-being also comprises self-knowledge (gnōthi seauton).^[13]^[14]

The self-care deficit nursing theory was developed by Dorothea Orem between 1959 and 2001. The positively-viewed theory explores the use professional care and an orientation towards resources.^[3] Under Orem's model self care has limits when its possibilities have been exhausted therefore making professional care legitimate. These deficits in self care are seen as shaping the best role a nurse may provide. There are two phases in Orem's self care; the investigative and decision-making phase and the production phase.^[15]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Chambers, Ruth; Gill Wakley, Alison Blenkinsopp (2006). Supporting Self Care in Primary Care. Radcliffe Publishing. pp. 15, 101, 105. ISBN 1846190703. Retrieved 29 August 2013. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Mertig, Rita G. (2012). Nurses' Guide to Teaching Diabetes Self-management. Springer Publishing Company. p. 240. ISBN 0826108288. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b Kollack, Ingrid (2006). "The Concept of Self Care". In Kim,, Hesook Suzie; Kollak, Ingrid. Nursing Theories: Conceptual and Philosophical Foundations. Springer Publishing Company. p. 45. ISBN 0826140068. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b Palo Stoller, Eleanor (1998). Ory,, Marcia G.; DeFriese, Gordon H., eds. Self-care in Later Life: Research, Program, and Policy Issues. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 24–25. ISBN 0826196950. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b Alexander Segall and Jay Goldstein (1998). "Exploring the Correlates of Self Provided Health Care Behaviour". In Coburn, David; D'Arcy, Alex; Torrance, George Murray. Health and Canadian Society: Sociological Perspectives. University of Toronto Press. pp. 279–280. ISBN 0802080529. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c Taylor, Susan G.; Katherine Renpenning, Kathie McLaughlin Renpenning (2011). Self-care Science, Nursing Theory, and Evidence-based Practice. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 39–41. ISBN 0826107796. Retrieved 25 August 2013. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ ^a ^b Ziguras, Christopher (2013). Self-care: Embodiment, Personal Autonomy and the Shaping of Health Consciousness. Routledge. pp. 14–15. ISBN 1134419694. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
^ "Most Neck Pain Improves with Self-care, Time". HeathCanal. 12 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
^ Health in Everyday Living Robert Wood Johnson Foundation primer
^ Website of an Information Prescripton Project in the UK
^ Website of the Foundation for Assistive Technology
^ Dominic Tyer (28 August 2013). "UK preparing self-care portal for patients". PMLive. PMGroup Worldwide Ltd. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
^ 18.Foucault M: Technologies of the Self. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press; 1988. As cited by: Thomas J. Papadimos; Joanna E. Manos, Stuart J. Murray (2013). "An extrapolation of Foucault’s Technologies of the Self to effect positive transformation in the intensivist as teacher and mentor". Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 8 (7). doi:10.1186/1747-5341-8-7.
^ M. Foucault: The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the College de France 1981-1982
^ Laurin, Jacqualine (1994). "Commentary". In Kikuchi, June F.; Simmons, Helen. Developing a Philosophy of Nursing. Sage. p. 27. ISBN 0803954239. Retrieved 31 August 2013.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Self care.

Self care as health maintenance:

Self Care in England
Self Care in the UK
Expert Patients Programme in England
Self Care in Australia
Learning a new way of living
Self Care in Belarus

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