worry

• n.

• 心配、気苦労

関

anxiety、anxious、anxiously、care、concern、fear、nervous、trouble、uneasy、worrisome

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. touch or rub constantly; "The old man worried his beads"
2. a strong feeling of anxiety; "his worry over the prospect of being fired"; "it is not work but worry that kills"; "he wanted to die and end his troubles" (同)trouble
3. be concerned with; "I worry about my grades" (同)care
4. disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress; "I cannot sleep--my daughters health is worrying me" (同)vex
5. be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy; "I worry about my job"
6. lacerate by biting; "the dog worried his bone"
7. (psychiatry) a relatively permanent state of worry and nervousness occurring in a variety of mental disorders, usually accompanied by compulsive behavior or attacks of panic (同)anxiousness
8. a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some (usually ill-defined) misfortune
9. be on the mind of; "I worry about the second Germanic consonant shift" (同)interest, occupy, worry
10. an anxious feeling; "care had aged him"; "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction" (同)care, fear
11. something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness; "New York traffic is a constant concern"; "its a major worry" (同)worry, headache, vexation
12. a feeling of sympathy for someone or something; "She felt strong concern for those less fortunate"
13. something that interests you because it is important or affects you; "the safety of the ship is the captains concern"
14. feel concern or interest; "I really care about my work"; "I dont care"
15. the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something; "no medical care was required"; "the old car needs constant attention" (同)attention, aid, tending
16. attention and management implying responsibility for safety; "he is in the care of a bodyguard" (同)charge, tutelage, guardianship
17. activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; "he wrote the manual on car care" (同)maintenance, upkeep
18. a cause for feeling concern; "his major care was the illness of his wife"
19. provide care for; "The nurse was caring for the wounded" (同)give care
20. to cause inconvenience or discomfort to; "Sorry to trouble you, but..." (同)put_out, inconvenience, disoblige, discommode, incommode, bother
21. cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed (同)ail, pain
22. an unwanted pregnancy; "he got several girls in trouble"
23. an effort that is inconvenient; "I went to a lot of trouble"; "he won without any trouble"; "had difficulty walking"; "finished the test only with great difficulty" (同)difficulty
24. a source of difficulty; "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "whats the problem?" (同)problem
25. an event causing distress or pain; "what is the trouble?"; "heart trouble"
26. be uneasy or apprehensive about; "I fear the results of the final exams"
27. an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) (同)fearfulness, fright
28. a feeling of profound respect for someone or something; "the fear of God"; "the Chinese reverence for the dead"; "the French treat food with gentle reverence"; "his respect for the law bordered on veneration" (同)reverence, awe, veneration
29. be afraid or scared of; be frightened of; "I fear the winters in Moscow"; "We should not fear the Communists!" (同)dread
30. be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event; "I fear she might get aggressive"
31. be sorry; used to introduce an unpleasant statement; "I fear I wont make it to your wedding party"
32. relating to bodily unease that causes discomfort
33. lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance; "farmers were uneasy until rain finally came"; "uneasy about his health"; "gave an uneasy laugh"; "uneasy lies the head that wears the crown"; "an uneasy coalition government"; "an uneasy calm"; "an uneasy silence fell on the group"
34. in a manner to cause worry
35. the act of moving something by repeated tugs or pushes; "vigorous worrying finally loosened the saw"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『心配する』,くよくよする / 〈小犬などが〉(…を)くわえて引っ張る(引きちぎる)《+at+名》 / 《しばしば受動態で》…‘を'『心配させる』,不安にする / …‘を'『因らせる』,悩ませる / 〈小犬などが〉…‘を'くわえる(振り回す,引きちぎる) / 〈U〉(…の)『心配』,悩み《+of+名》 / 〈C〉心配(悩み)の種
2. 〈U〉(…についての)『心配』,不安,気がかり《+『about(for)』+『名』》 / 〈C〉心配事,心配の種 / 〈U〉《話》『切望』,熱望;〈C〉切望する事(物)
3. 〈物・事が〉…‘に'『関係する』,かかわる,影響する / 《しばしば受動態で》〈事が〉〈人〉‘に'『関心を持たせる』,'を'心配させる / 〈小説などが〉…‘に'ついて書かれている(受動態にできない) / 〈U〉〈C〉(…との)『関係』,利害関係《+『in』(『with』)+『名』》;《しばしば複数形で》関係のある事柄,関心事 / 〈U〉(…に対する)『関心』,懸念,心配《+『about』(『over,for,at』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉事業,営業,会社,商会(firm);財閥,コンツェルン / 〈U〉重大な関係,重要性
4. 〈U〉『心配』,気がかり,悩み / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》心配事,苦労の種 / 〈U〉『細心の注意』,十二分の用心 / 〈U〉(…の)『世話』,監督,保護《+『for(of)+名』》 / 〈C〉関心事,気を配るべきこと / 『気にする』,心配する,関心がある / …『したいと思う』,欲する,好む
5. 〈U〉『苦難』,心配,悩み / 〈C〉『苦労の種』,心配事,悩みの種 / 〈U〉危険[な状態],困難 / 〈U〉『骨折り』,手数,めんどう,迷惑 / 〈C〉〈U〉(政治的・社会的)紛争,騒動 / 〈U〉(機械などの)故障 / 〈C〉〈U〉病気 / 〈事が〉〈人・自分〉‘を'『悩ます』,心配させる,苦しめる / 《物事を頼むときていねいに》〈人〉‘を'『わずらわす』,じゃまする / 〈水・空気など〉‘を'かき乱す / 《おもに疑問文・否定文で》心配する,気を遣う;骨を折る
6. 〈C〉〈U〉『恐れ』,恐怖(dread) / 〈C〉〈U〉『不安』,心配,気づかい(anxiety) / 〈U〉(神に対する)おそれ,崇敬(awe) / …‘を'『恐れる』,こわがる(進行形にできない) / …‘を'『気づかう』,あやぶむ / 《古》〈神など〉‘を'恐れる / 恐れる,こわがる / (…を)気づかう,心配する《+『for』+『名』》
7. (人が)『心の落ち着かない』,不安な,心配な / (物事が)『落ち着きのない』,心地よくない,窮屈な / 『ぎごちない』,不自然な
8. 小心な人,絶えずくよくよしている人
9. 悩みの種となる,やっかいな

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/08/23 07:05:12」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Worriers" redirects here. For band, see Worriers (band).

For other uses, see Worry (disambiguation).

A depiction of Rama in the Ramayana. Worried about his wife Sita, he is consoled by his brother Lakshmana.

Part of a series on
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Worry refers to the thoughts, images, and emotions of a negative nature in a repetitive, uncontrollable manner that results from a proactive cognitive risk analysis made to avoid or solve anticipated potential threats and their potential consequences. Worry is described as a response to a moderate challenge for when the subject has inadequate skills. Worry turns to be problematic if one has been excessively apprehensive more days than not for at least six months.

Introduction

Psychologically, worry is part of Perseverative Cognition (a collective term for continuous thinking about negative events in the past or in the future). As an emotion "worry" is experienced from anxiety or concern about a real or imagined issue, often personal issues such as health or finances, or external broader issues such as environmental pollution, social structure or technological change. It’s a natural response to anticipated future problems. Excessive worry is a primary diagnostic feature of generalized anxiety disorder. Most people experience short-lived periods of worry in their lives without incident; indeed, a mild amount of worrying have positive effects, if it prompts people to take precautions (e.g., fastening their seat belt or buying insurance) or avoid risky behaviors (e.g., angering dangerous animals, or binge drinking), but with excessive worrisome people they overestimate future dangers in their assessments and in its extremities tend to magnify the situation as a dead end which results stress. Overestimation happens because analytic resources are a combination of external locus of control, personal experience and belief fallacies. Chronically worried individuals are also more likely to lack confidence in their problem solving ability, perceive problems as threats, become easily frustrated when dealing with a problem, and are pessimistic about the outcome of problem-solving efforts.

Seriously anxious people find it difficult to control their worry and typically experience symptoms like Restlessness, Fatigue, Difficulty in concentrating, Irritability, Muscle tension and Sleep disturbance.

Theories

Mental state in terms of challenge level and skill level, according to Csikszentmihalyi's flow model. (Click on a fragment of the image to go to the appropriate article)

Avoidance model

The avoidance model of worry (AMW) theorizes that worry is a verbal linguistic, thought based activity, which arises as an attempt to inhibit vivid mental imagery and associated somatic and emotional activation. This inhibition precludes the emotional processing of fear that is theoretically necessary for successful habituation and extinction of feared stimuli. Worry is reinforced as a coping technique due to the fact that most worries never actually occur, leaving the worrier with a feeling of having successfully controlled the feared situation, without the unpleasant sensations associated with exposure.

Cognitive model

This model explains pathological worry to be an interaction between involuntary (bottom-up) processes, such as habitual biases in attention and interpretation favoring threat content, and voluntary (top-down) processes, such as attentional control. Emotional processing biases influence the probability of threat representations into the awareness as intruding negative or positive thoughts. At a pre-conscious level, these processes influence the competition among mental representations in which some correspond to the assertive power of worry with impaired cognitive process and others to the preventive power of worry with attentional control or exhaustive vigilance. The biases determine threatening degree and nature of worry content the worrier attempts to resolve the perceived threat and the redirection of anticipations, responses and coping in such situations.

There are some who respond to mental representations in an uncertain or ambiguous state in regard to the stressful or upsetting event. In this state the worrier is held in a perpetual state of worry. This is because availability of an overwhelming number(maybe 2 or 3, depending upon the worry-prone individual) of possibilities of outcomes which can be generated, it puts the worrier in a threatening crisis and they focus their attentional control voluntarily on the potential negative outcomes, whereas others engage in a constructive problem solving manner and in a benign approach rather than to engage with heightened anticipation on the possible negative outcome.

Philosophical perspectives

Greek thinkers such as stoic philosopher Epictetus and Seneca advised against worry. Albert Ellis, the inventor of cognitive behavioural therapy, was inspired by the Stoics’ therapeutic ideas.

Religious perspectives

Guido Reni's 17th-century painting of John the Baptist depicts anguish and worry.

The biblical word used in Hebrew for worry (Hebrew: דָּאַג‎, daag) regards worry as a combined form of fear and sorrow which affects nephesh, the totality of our being. The bible takes a fortitude-strengthening approach regarding worrying e.g. Psalm 94:

In the multitude of my anxieties within me, your comforts delight my soul.

In the New Testament, the Gospel of Matthew encourages:

And can any of you by worrying add a single hour to your span of life? ... So do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will bring worries of its own. Today’s trouble is enough for today.

St. Paul writes to the Philippian church, "There is no need to worry" and in the pastoral epistles, 2 Timothy 1:7 emboldens:

For God did not give us a spirit of cowardice, but rather a spirit of power and of love and of self-discipline.

Similarly James 1:2-4 motivates to face trials of any kind with joy, because they produce endurance (strength and courage). Further Saint Peter reveals his understanding of healthy living in Second Peter 1:3,5-7:

We have a sure hope ... this is a cause of great joy for us.

A late Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba stated that worry is caused by desires and can be overcome through detachment:

Worry is the product of feverish imagination working under the stimulus of desires ... (It) is a necessary resultant of attachment to the past or to the anticipated future, and it always persists in some form or other until the mind is completely detached from everything.

Management

Worry system is activated from exposure of a potential triggering event, traumatic experience or vulnerability, this brings worrisome thoughts and feelings which bring about physical stress reactions and response to avoid worrisome behavior, to ensure allostasis. But under the crisis this activity feeds back into the first worrisome thoughts and feelings which generates and strengthens the vicious worry cycle. Relaxation, risk assessment, worry exposure and behavior prevention have been proven effective in curbing the excessive worry, a chief feature of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive behavioral techniques hasn't branched out enough to address the problem holistically but therapy can control or diminish worry.

See also

• Anxiety
• Attitude (psychology)
• Fear
• Interoceptive exposure
• Mental toughness
• Neuroticism
• Panic attack
• Rumination (psychology)
• The Worry Trap

External links

• Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): Conceptual review and treatment implications

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 全般性不安障害：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 generalized anxiety disorder epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
• 2. 人格障害 personality disorders
• 3. プライマリケアにおける発達行動サーベイランスおよびスクリーニング developmental behavioral surveillance and screening in primary care
• 4. 全般性不安障害の心理療法 psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder
• 5. 小児における夢遊およびその他の錯眠 sleepwalking and other parasomnias in children

English Journal

• Mindfulness and Emotional Outcomes: Identifying Subgroups of College Students using Latent Profile Analysis.

• Pearson MR1, Lawless AK1, Brown DB1, Bravo AJ2.
• Personality and individual differences.Pers Individ Dif.2015 Apr 1;76:33-38.
• In non-meditating samples, distinct facets of mindfulness are found to be negatively correlated, preventing the meaningful creation of a total mindfulness score. The present study used person-centered analyses to distinguish subgroups of college students based on their mindfulness scores, which allo
• PMID 25530649

• The role of intolerance of uncertainty in terms of alcohol use motives among college students.

• Kraemer KM1, McLeish AC2, O'Bryan EM3.
• Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Mar;42:162-6. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.033. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
• INTRODUCTION: Hazardous drinking rates among college students are exceedingly high. Despite the link between worry and alcohol use problems, there has been a dearth of empirical work examining worry-related risk factors in terms of motivations for alcohol use. Therefore, the aim of the present inves
• PMID 25479527

• Confounders or intermediate variables? Testing mechanisms for the relationship between depression and smoking in a longitudinal cohort study.

• Chaiton M1, Cohen JE2, Rehm J3, Abdulle M4, O'Loughlin J5.
• Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Mar;42:154-61. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.026. Epub 2014 Nov 27.
• INTRODUCTION: The relationship between the onset of smoking and the onset of depression among adolescents has been well document, but the mechanisms underlying the relationship are unclear. This paper uses an empirical method to assess potential intermediate variables in the pathway between changes
• PMID 25462665

• Exams? Why worry? Interpreting anxiety as facilitative and stress appraisals.

• Strack J1, Esteves F.
• Anxiety, stress, and coping.Anxiety Stress Coping.2015 Mar;28(2):205-14. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2014.931942. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study examined why people differ in how they appraise the same stressful situation (an approaching exam).DESIGN: We explored whether interpreting anxiety as a facilitative emotion can affect the type of stress appraisal people make.METHOD: One hundred and three
• PMID 24902852

Japanese Journal

• "Don't Worry no Kuni"： Problems in Translation and their Solutions

• Ex：エクス：言語文化論集 (10), 63-80, 2017-03-25
• NAID 120006309570

• ｢羞恥心を伴う看護・ケア｣における困難さと将来展望の現状について : 男性看護師の属性に着目して

• 山口県立大学学術情報 10, 123-128, 2017-02-28
• NAID 120006000162

• 授業への参加を促す教師の働きかけに関する事例研究 : 教師の気になる子に着目して

• 上越教育大学教職大学院研究紀要 = Bulletin of Teaching Profession Graduate School Joetsu University of Education 4, 25-35, 2017-02-28
• NAID 120005985394

• 血液腫瘍疾患をもつ前思春期の子どもの病気の捉え方とヘルスプロモーション ： 第一報 サバイバーの病気の捉え方と親の関わり

• 千葉看護学会会誌 = Journal of Chiba Academy of Nursing Science 22(2), 11-19, 2017-02-17
• NAID 120005997156

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「concern」「care」「心配」「trouble」「fear」

「concern」

　　[★]

• vt.

• ～に関する、～に関わる、～に関係する、～の利害に関係する(affect)
• 案じさせる、心配させる(about, for, to)

Because TNAs are common, especially among elderly people, we were concerned that patients would not be able to reliably recall TNA symptoms long after the event.(TNAsは老人で一般的なので、脳卒中のずっと前にあったTNA症状を確実に想起することができないであろう事が心配であった)

• n.

• 関心、懸念、心配

Because of the concern about possible complications, temperature <32°C was not explored in this pilot trial.

• 関心事、事柄、事件、用事
• 関係(with)。利害関係。株、株式
• 重要性
• 営業、事業。会社、企業

関

about、anxiety、anxious、anxiously、apprehension、care、connect、connection、correlation、fear、germane、implicate、interest、interplay、involve、nervous、pertain、pertinent、referable、regard、relate、relation、relationship、relative、respect、trouble、uneasy、worrisome、worry

　 　 　 　 　 　

「care」

　　[★]

• n.

• 心配。心配事、煩労、心労、気苦労、気がかり、悩みのたね
• 関心、配慮、注意。世話、保護、介護、ケア。関心事、責任、用事

care should be taken in combining a beta-blocker with a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.

• vi.

関

anxiety、anxious、anxiously、attend、attendance、attention、attentional、care for、caregiving、caring、caution、cautiously、concern、cure、curing、fear、heed、nervous、note、notice、nursing、nursing care、practice、precaution、remediation、remedy、therapeutic、therapy、treat、treatment、trouble、uneasy、watch、worrisome、worry

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「心配」

　　[★]

英

anxiety、worry、trouble、fear、anxious、worrisome、uneasy、nervous、concern、trouble、fear、care、anxiously

関

関わる、関係、看護、関心、関する、恐怖、苦悶、故障、困難、神経、神経質、世話、注意、治療、不安、介護、悩ます、懸念、ケア、気苦労、トラブル、不安症、恐れる

「trouble」

　　[★]

• n.

• 困難、心配、故障、トラブル

• v.

• 心配させる、悩ます

関

anxiety、anxious、anxiously、arduous、bother、breakdown、burden、care、concern、difficult、difficulty、distress、fear、hard、intractable、labored、nervous、recalcitrant、uneasy、worrisome、worry

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「fear」

　　[★]

• n.

• 恐怖、不安、心配

• v.

• 心配する、恐れる

関

anxiety、anxious、anxiously、care、concern、discomfort、disturbance、dysphoria、fright、horror、nervous、phobia、trouble、uneasy、worrisome、worry