出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/08 18:43:13」(JST)
| この項目では、音楽ユニットについて説明しています。その他の用法については「マシーン」をご覧ください。 |
| machine | |
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HAKUEI。Japan Expo 2008より。
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| 基本情報 | |
| 出身地 | 日本 |
| ジャンル | ロック デジタルロック |
| 活動期間 | 1999年 - 2002年 2004年 - |
| レーベル | 日本クラウン ドリーミュージック |
| 事務所 | GOLDEN CHILD MUSIC euclid agency |
| 共同作業者 | DEN （Bass） NAO （Drums） |
| 公式サイト | machine Official WebSite |
| メンバー | HAKUEI （Vocal） KIYOSHI （Guitar） |
machine（マシーン）は、日本のロックユニット。1999年にPENICILLINのHAKUEIとhide with Spread BeaverのKIYOSHIにより結成された[1][2]。所属事務所はeuclid agency。2002年に活動を休止したが、2004年から「再起動」として活動を再開。
1999年4月21日、アルバム『captain sonic tune』、シングル「hero」、「Gravity Attack」3枚同時リリースでデビュー。日本武道館公演をソールドアウトさせ[1]、全国ツアーを展開する。2002年1月にアルバム『salvation-D9』を発表して活動を休止した[2]。
2004年8月26日、machineの復活ライブがShibuya O-Eastで開催された[2]。11月21日に横浜BLITZのこけら落し公演としてライヴを行い[2]、11月25日には再起動後初のシングル「RED SUNDANCE」をリリース[1][2]。
2005年4月、アルバム『superb』をリリースし、6月から全国ツアー「machine tour '05 LOUD ON SUPERB !」（8カ所）を開催[2]。
2008年7月4日、フランスで開催された「Japan Expo 2008」に出演[3]。
| この節の加筆が望まれています。 |
| 発売日 | タイトル | レーベル | 備考 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1999年04月21日 |
Hero
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ソニーレコード | オリコン59位 |
| 2 | 1999年04月21日 |
Gravity Attack
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ソニーレコード | |
| 3 | 1999年11月17日 |
010 ZERO-ONE-ZERO
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ポニーキャニオン | オリコン30位 |
| 4 | 2001年10月24日 |
ATOMIC GOD
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日本クラウン | オリコン52位 |
| 5 | 2004年11月25日 |
RED SUNDANCE
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ドリーミュージック | オリコン105位 |
| 6 | 2007年09月05日 |
FALCON
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ユークリッド・エージェンシー | オリコン117位 |
| 7 | 2007年11月21日 |
Ooh Yeah♥
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ユークリッド・エージェンシー | 通常盤+初回限定盤(DVD付) オリコン140位 |
| 発売日 | タイトル | レーベル | 備考 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1999年04月21日 |
captain sonic tune
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ソニーレコード | オリコン50位 |
| 2 | 1999年12月17日 |
e,rect
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オリコン43位 | |
| 3 | 2002年1月12日 |
salvation-D9
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2001年12月16日に発売する予定だったが、延期して発売された。 | |
| 4 | 2005年04月27日 |
superb
RED SUNDANCE (Video Clip) |
ドリーミュージック | 通常盤+初回限定盤(DVD付) オリコン116位 |
| 5 | 2008年01月23日 |
BEAUTIFUL OUTSIDER
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通常盤+初回限定盤(DVD付) オリコン180位 |
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| 6 | 2009年03月25日 |
PHASE ONE "SPEED"
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オリコン291位 | |
| 7 | 2009年04月22日 |
PHASE TWO "DEEPS"
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オリコン207位 |
| 発売日 | タイトル | レーベル | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000年03月23日 |
DISC B@STARD GAME
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FOR-TUNE RECORDS JAPAN |
| 発売日 | タイトル | レーベル | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999年04月21日 |
machine Ultra Box
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ソニーレコード | オリコン19位。アルバム「captain sonic tune」、シングル「hero」、「Gravity Attack」、ビデオを含むボックスセット。 |
| 2012年7月25日 |
Rendez-vous
innocent fever 裏PV
innocent fever PV
Phantom of the end PV |
ライチ☆光クラブとのスプリットアルバム |
| 発売日 | タイトル | 規格 |
|---|---|---|
| 1999年11月10日 | "DEAD STOCK TOYS"JAPAN TOUR 1999 | VHS |
| 2004年12月08日 | HAKUEI∞KIYOSHI [修復完了∞再起動] Live at Shibuya O-East | DVD |
| ウィキメディア・コモンズには、machineに関連するメディアがあります。 |
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| この項目は、音楽に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（ポータル 音楽/ウィキプロジェクト 音楽）。 |
| It has been suggested that this article be merged with Machine (mechanical). (Discuss) Proposed since August 2015. |
A machine is a tool containing one or more parts that uses energy to perform an intended action. Machines are usually powered by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or electrical means, and are often motorized. Historically, a power tool also required moving parts to classify as a machine. However, the advent of electronics has led to the development of power tools without moving parts that are considered machines.[1]
A simple machine is a device that simply transforms the direction or magnitude of a force, but a large number of more complex machines exist. Examples include vehicles, electronic systems, molecular machines, computers, television, and radio.
The word machine derives from the Latin word machina,[1] which in turn derives from the Greek (Doric μαχανά makhana, Ionic μηχανή mekhane "contrivance, machine, engine",[2] a derivation from μῆχος mekhos "means, expedient, remedy"[3]).
A wider meaning of "fabric, structure" is found in classical Latin, but not in Greek usage.
This meaning is found in late medieval French, and is adopted from the French into English in the mid-16th century.
In the 17th century, the word could also mean a scheme or plot, a meaning now expressed by the derived machination. The modern meaning develops out of specialized application of the term to stage engines used in theater and to military siege engines, both in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The OED traces the formal, modern meaning to John Harris' Lexicon Technicum (1704), which has:
The word engine used as a (near-)synonym both by Harris and in later language derives ultimately (via Old French) from Latin ingenium "ingenuity, an invention".
| This section requires expansion. (March 2012) |
Perhaps the first example of a human made device designed to manage power is the hand axe, made by chipping flint to form a wedge. A wedge is a simple machine that transforms lateral force and movement of the tool into a transverse splitting force and movement of the workpiece.
The idea of a simple machine originated with the Greek philosopher Archimedes around the 3rd century BC, who studied the Archimedean simple machines: lever, pulley, and screw.[4][5] He discovered the principle of mechanical advantage in the lever.[6] Later Greek philosophers defined the classic five simple machines (excluding the inclined plane) and were able to roughly calculate their mechanical advantage.[7] Heron of Alexandria (ca. 10–75 AD) in his work Mechanics lists five mechanisms that can "set a load in motion"; lever, windlass, pulley, wedge, and screw,[5] and describes their fabrication and uses.[8] However the Greeks' understanding was limited to statics (the balance of forces) and did not include dynamics (the tradeoff between force and distance) or the concept of work.
During the Renaissance the dynamics of the Mechanical Powers, as the simple machines were called, began to be studied from the standpoint of how much useful work they could perform, leading eventually to the new concept of mechanical work. In 1586 Flemish engineer Simon Stevin derived the mechanical advantage of the inclined plane, and it was included with the other simple machines. The complete dynamic theory of simple machines was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in Le Meccaniche ("On Mechanics").[9][10] He was the first to understand that simple machines do not create energy, they merely transform it.[9]
The classic rules of sliding friction in machines were discovered by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), but remained unpublished in his notebooks. They were rediscovered by Guillaume Amontons (1699) and were further developed by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1785).[11]
| Classification | Machine(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| Simple machines | Inclined plane, Wheel and axle, Lever, Pulley, Wedge, Screw | |
| Mechanical components | Axle, Bearings, Belts, Bucket, Fastener, Gear, Key, Link chains, Rack and pinion, Roller chains, Rope, Seals, Spring, Wheel | |
| Clock | Atomic clock, Watch, Pendulum clock, Quartz clock | |
| Compressors and Pumps | Archimedes' screw, Eductor-jet pump, Hydraulic ram, Pump, Trompe, Vacuum pump | |
| Heat engines | External combustion engines | Steam engine, Stirling engine |
| Internal combustion engines | Reciprocating engine, Gas turbine | |
| Heat pumps | Absorption refrigerator, Thermoelectric refrigerator, Regenerative cooling | |
| Linkages | Pantograph, Cam, Peaucellier-Lipkin | |
| Turbine | Gas turbine, Jet engine, Steam turbine, Water turbine, Wind generator, Windmill | |
| Aerofoil | Sail, Wing, Rudder, Flap, Propeller | |
| Electronic devices | Vacuum tube, Transistor, Diode, Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor, Memristor, Semiconductor, Computer | |
| Robots | Actuator, Servo, Servomechanism, Stepper motor, Computer | |
| Miscellaneous | Vending machine, Wind tunnel, Check weighing machines, Riveting machines | |
The word mechanical refers to the work that has been produced by machines or the machinery. It mostly relates to the machinery tools and the mechanical applications of science. Some of its synonyms are automatic and mechanic.
The idea that a machine can be broken down into simple movable elements led Archimedes to define the lever, pulley and screw as simple machines. By the time of the Renaissance this list increased to include the wheel and axle, wedge and inclined plane.
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion.[13][14] Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines (such as steam engines) burn a fuel to create heat, which is then used to create motion. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, pneumatic motors use compressed air and others, such as wind-up toys use elastic energy. In biological systems, molecular motors like myosins in muscles use chemical energy to create motion.
Electrical means operating by or producing electricity, relating to or concerned with electricity. In other words, it means using, providing, producing, transmitting or operated by electricity.
An electrical machine is the generic name for a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, or changes alternating current from one voltage level to a different voltage level.
Electronics is the branch of physics, engineering and technology dealing with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and is usually applied to information and signal processing. Similarly, the ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronic packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.
Computers store and manipulate the flow of electrons, with patterns in this storage and flow being interpreted as information manipulation. See State machine and Turing machine.
Charles Babbage designed various machines to tabulate logarithms and other functions in 1837. His Difference engine is the first mechanical calculator. This machine is considered a forerunner of the modern computer, though none were built in Babbage's lifetime.
Study of the molecules and proteins that are the basis of biological functions has led to the concept of a molecular machine. For example, current models of the operation of the kinesin molecule that transports vesicles inside the cell as well as the myosin molecule that operates against actin to cause muscle contraction; these molecules control movement in response to chemical stimuli.
Researchers in nano-technology are working to construct molecules that perform movement in response to a specific stimulus. In contrast to molecules such as kinesin and myosin, these nanomachines or molecular machines are constructions like traditional machines that are designed to perform in a task.
Machines are assembled from standardized types of components. These elements consist of mechanisms that control movement in various ways such as gear trains, transistor switches, belt or chain drives, linkages, cam and follower systems, brakes and clutches, and structural components such as frame members and fasteners.
Modern machines include sensors, actuators and computer controllers. The shape, texture and color of covers provide a styling and operational interface between the mechanical components of a machine and its users.
Assemblies within a machine that control movement are often called "mechanisms." [15][16] Mechanisms are generally classified as gears and gear trains, cam and follower mechanisms, and linkages, though there are other special mechanisms such as clamping linkages, indexing mechanisms and friction devices such as brakes and clutches.
For more details on mechanical machines see Machine (mechanical) and Mechanical systems.
Controllers combine sensors, logic, and actuators to maintain the performance of components of a machine. Perhaps the best known is the flyball governor for a steam engine. Examples of these devices range from a thermostat that as temperature rises opens a valve to cooling water to speed controllers such the cruise control system in an automobile. The programmable logic controller replaced relays and specialized control mechanisms with a programmable computer. Servo motors that accurately position a shaft in response to an electrical command are the actuators that make robotic systems possible.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the rest of the world.
Starting in the later part of the 18th century, there began a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual labour and draft-animal–based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal.[17]
Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human operators with machinery that assists them with the muscular requirements of work or displaces muscular work. In some fields, mechanization includes the use of hand tools. In modern usage, such as in engineering or economics, mechanization implies machinery more complex than hand tools and would not include simple devices such as an un-geared horse or donkey mill. Devices that cause speed changes or changes to or from reciprocating to rotary motion, using means such as gears, pulleys or sheaves and belts, shafts, cams and cranks, usually are considered machines. After electrification, when most small machinery was no longer hand powered, mechanization was synonymous with motorized machines.[18]
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provides human operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly decreases the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Automation plays an increasingly important role in the world economy and in daily experience.
An automaton (plural: automata or automatons) is a self-operating machine. The word is sometimes used to describe a robot, more specifically an autonomous robot. An alternative spelling, now obsolete, is automation.[19]
a person or thing that imparts motion, esp. a contrivance, as a steam engine, that receives and modifies energy from some natural source in order to utilize it in driving machinery.
|coauthors= (help)| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Machines. |
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| リンク元 | 「instrument」「装置」「device」「機械」「apparatus」 |
| 拡張検索 | 「machinery」「machine learning」 |