関: primary sexual characters

WordNet

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary; "primary goals"; "a primary effect"; "primary sources"; "a primary interest"
a preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen (同)primary_election
one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a birds wing (同)primary feather, primary quill
(astronomy) a celestial body (especially a star) relative to other objects in orbit around it
not derived from or reducible to something else; basic; "a primary instinct"
typical or distinctive; "heard my friends characteristic laugh"; "red and gold are the characteristic colors of autumn"; "stripes characteristic of the zebra"
any measurable property of a device measured under closely specified conditions (同)device characteristic
a distinguishing quality
the integer part (positive or negative) of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the characteristic is 2
of or relating to or characterized by sexuality; "sexual orientation"; "sexual distinctions"
having or involving sex; "sexual reproduction"; "sexual spores"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『第一の』,『主要な』 / 『初期の』,『初等の』,初級の / 『根本的な』,基本的な,本来の,直接的な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(回路・コイル・巻き・電流などが)一次の / 原色(三原色の一つ) / 《米》=primary election
『特有の』,独特の / 『特性』,特色,特微
性の,男女(雌雄)の / 有性生殖の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/24 15:16:28」(JST)

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The sex organs of a green alga Chara are the male antheridia (red) and female archegonia (brown).

A sex organ or reproductive organ, primary sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, is any anatomical part of the body in a complex organism that is involved in sexual reproduction and together constitute the reproductive system. The external and visible organs, in males and females, are the primary sex organs known as the genitals or genitalia. The internal organs are known as the secondary sex organs^[1]^[2]and are sometimes referred to as the internal genitalia. The characteristics that begin to appear during puberty, such as pubic hair on both sexes and facial hair on the male, are known as secondary sex characteristics.

Mosses, ferns, and some similar plants have gametangia for reproductive organs, which are part of the gametophyte.^[3] The flowers of flowering plants produce pollen and egg cells, but the sex organs themselves are inside the gametophytes within the pollen and the ovule.^[4] Coniferous plants likewise produce their sexually reproductive structures within the gametophytes contained within the cones and pollen. The cones and pollen are not themselves sexual organs.

Terminology

The Latin term genitalia, sometimes anglicized as genitals, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs, known as the primary sex organs: in male mammals, the penis and scrotum; and in female mammals, the clitoris and vulva.

The other, hidden sex organs are referred to as the secondary sex organs or internal genitalia. The most important of these are the gonads, a pair of sex organs, specifically the testes in the male or the ovaries in the female. Gonads are the true sex organs, generating reproductive gametes containing inheritable DNA. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.

In general zoology, given the great variety in organs, physiologies, and behaviors involved in copulation, male genitalia are more strictly defined as "all male structures that are inserted in the female or that hold her near her gonopore during sperm transfer"; female genitalia are defined as "those parts of the female reproductive tract that make direct contact with male genitalia or male products (sperm, spermatophores) during or immediately after copulation".^[5]

Mammals

External and internal organs

The visible portion of the mammalian genitals for males consists of the scrotum and penis; for females, it consists of the vulva (labia, clitoris, etc.) and vagina.

In placental mammals, females have two genital orifices, the vagina and urethra, while males have only one, the urethra.^[6] Male and female genitals have many nerve endings, resulting in pleasurable and highly sensitive touch.^[7]^[8] In most human societies, particularly in conservative ones, genitals are considered a public indecency and sometimes even illegal if left uncovered in public.^[9]

In mammals, sex organs include:

Female	Male
Bartholin's glands Cervix Clitoris Clitoral frenulum Clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) Clitoral hood Fallopian tubes Labia Labia majora Labia minora Frenulum of labia minora Ovaries Skene's gland Uterus Vagina Vulva An image of human female external sex organs (shaved pubic hair)	Bulbourethral glands Epididymis Penis Foreskin Frenulum of penis Glans penis Prostate Scrotum Seminal vesicles Testicles An image of human male external sex organs

Development

In typical prenatal development, sexual organs originate from a common anlage anatomy during early gestation and differentiate into male or female variations. The SRY gene, usually located on the Y chromosome and encoding the testis determining factor, determines the direction of this differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.

Thereafter, the development of the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testes) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the fetal genitalia (a few weeks after conception) looks basically feminine: a pair of "urogenital folds" with a small protuberance in the middle, and the urethra behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes, and if the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the penile urethra.

Each sexual organ in one sex has a homologous counterpart in the other one. See a list of homologues of the human reproductive system. In a larger perspective, the whole process of sexual differentiation also includes development of secondary sexual characteristics such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty. Furthermore, differences in brain structure arise, affecting, but not absolutely determining, behavior.

Intersex is the development of genitalia somewhere between typical male and female genitalia. Once the child is born, the parents are faced with decisions that are often difficult to make, such as whether or not to modify the genitalia, assign the child as male or female, or leave the genitalia as is. Some parents allow their doctors to choose. If they do decide to modify the genitalia, they have approximately a 50% chance of getting genitalia that will match the child's gender identity. If they pick the wrong one, their child may begin to show symptoms of transsexualism, which can lead them to a life of discomfort until they are able to remedy the issue.^[10]

Because of the strong sexual selection affecting the structure and function of genitalia, they form an organ system that evolves faster that any other.^[11] A great variety of genital form and function may therefore be found among animals.

Plants

The life cycle of land plants involves alternation of generations between a sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte produces sperm and/or egg cells by mitosis. The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis which in turn develop into gametophytes. Any sex organs that are produced by the plant will develop on the gametophyte. The seed plants, which include conifers and flowering plants have small gametophytes that develop inside the pollen grains (male) and the ovule (female).

Flowering plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the union of the male and female germ cells, sperm and egg cells respectively. Pollen is produced in stamens, and is carried to the pistil, which has the ovary at its base where fertilization can take place. Within each pollen grain is a male gametophyte which consists of only three cells. In most flowering plants the female gametophyte within the ovule consists of only seven cells. Thus there are no sex organs as such.

References

^ "Sex organ (sɛks ˈɔːɡən)". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ P. R. Ashalatha, G. Deepa (2012). Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 252–274. ISBN 9350254239. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
^ "Mosses and Ferns". Biology.clc.uc.edu. 2001-03-16. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
^ "Flowering Plant Reproduction". Emc.maricopa.edu. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
^ Eberhard, W.G., 1985. Sexual Selection and Animal Genitalia. Harvard University Press
^ Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
^ Sexual Intimacy in Marriage William Cutrer
^ Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness Brigitta Olsen
^ Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide? retrieved 9 February 2012
^ Fausto Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing The Body. New York: New York. pp. 44–77.
^ Schilthuizen, M. 2014. Nature's Nether Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves. Penguin USA

UpToDate Contents

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1. 性行為に伴う一次性頭痛 primary headache associated with sexual activity
2. ゲイの男性および男性間性交渉者のプライマリケア primary care of gay men and men who have sex with men
3. セクシャルマイノリティの若年者：プライマリケアの概要 sexual minority youth overview of primary care
4. 外陰部異常を有する幼児の評価 evaluation of the infant with ambiguous genitalia
5. 原発性無月経の病因、診断、および治療 etiology diagnosis and treatment of primary amenorrhea

English Journal

Health profiles of clients in substance abuse treatment: a comparison of clients dependent on alcohol or cocaine with those concurrently dependent.

Macdonald S1, Pakula B, Martin G, Wells S, Borges G, Roth E, Salmon A, Stockwell T, Callaghan RC.
Substance use & misuse.Subst Use Misuse.2014 Dec 6;49(14):1899-907. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2014.935791. Epub 2014 Aug 6.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether, among clients receiving substance abuse treatment (n = 616), those dependent on alcohol or cocaine differed significantly from those concurrently dependent on both drugs in terms of physical, mental, social, and economic harms as well as substance use
PMID 25099309

Decision consultations on preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: large variation in benefits and harms that are addressed.

Kunneman M1, Marijnen CA2, Rozema T3, Ceha HM4, Grootenboers DA5, Neelis KJ2, Stiggelbout AM1, Pieterse AH1.
British journal of cancer.Br J Cancer.2014 Oct 21. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.546. [Epub ahead of print]
Background:For shared decision making to be successful, patients should receive sufficient information on possible benefits and harms of treatment options. The aim of this study was to evaluate what information radiation oncologists provide during the decision consultation about preoperative radioth
PMID 25333343

Verbal abuse, like physical and sexual abuse, in childhood is associated with an earlier onset and more difficult course of bipolar disorder.

Post RM1, Altshuler LL, Kupka R, McElroy SL, Frye MA, Rowe M, Leverich GS, Grunze H, Suppes T, Keck PE Jr, Nolen WA.
Bipolar disorders.Bipolar Disord.2014 Oct 13. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12268. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: Physical or sexual abuse in childhood is known to have an adverse effect on the course of bipolar disorder, but the impact of verbal abuse has not been well elucidated.METHODS: We examined the occurrence and frequency (never to frequently) of each type of abuse in childhood in 634 US adu
PMID 25307301

Japanese Journal

ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ外来患者の二次感染予防における看護援助の実施状況

日本看護科学会誌 31(4), 64-74, 2011
NAID 130004565326

Underserved adolescent orphans' knowledge regarding sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV

民族衞生 76(6), 237-252, 2010-11-30
NAID 10027907272

骨盤内に漿液性嚢胞を伴ったアンドロゲン不応症の一例

日本産科婦人科内視鏡學會雜誌 = The journal of the Japan Endoscopy Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology 25(2), 366-369, 2009-12-01
NAID 10026519432

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「一次性徴」「primary sexual characters」
関連記事	「characteristic」「primary」「sexual」

「一次性徴」

　　[★]

英: primary sexual characteristics、primary sexual characters, primary sex characteristics
同: 第一次性徴
関: 性徴、二次性徴

「primary sexual characters」

　　[★]

一次性徴

関: primary sexual characteristics

「characteristic」

　　[★]

adj.

特徴的な、独特の、特有の、特性の、特徴ある

n.

特徴、特性

関: character、characteristically、diagnostic、discriminatory、distinct、distinction、distinctive、distinctively、feature、hallmark、particular、pathognomonic、peculiar、peculiarity、profile、property、salience、unique

「primary」

　　[★]

adj.

一次の、第一次の、主要な、(化学)第一級の、一級の、初生の、(病名)原発性の、原発の、プライマリーの

関: cardinal、chief、first-order、foremost、main、mainly、major、master、primarily、principal、principally

「sexual」

　　[★]

adj.

性的な

関: sexually

[Sex_organ1-1] "Sex organ (sɛks ˈɔːɡən)". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved September 14, 2013.

[Ashalatha-2] P. R. Ashalatha, G. Deepa (2012). Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 252–274. ISBN 9350254239. Retrieved September 14, 2013.

[3] "Mosses and Ferns". Biology.clc.uc.edu. 2001-03-16. Retrieved 2012-08-01.

[4] "Flowering Plant Reproduction". Emc.maricopa.edu. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2012-08-01.

[5] Eberhard, W.G., 1985. Sexual Selection and Animal Genitalia. Harvard University Press

[Wake1992-6] Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992). Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press. p. 583. ISBN 978-0-226-87013-7. Retrieved 6 May 2013.

[7] Sexual Intimacy in Marriage William Cutrer

[8] Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness Brigitta Olsen

[9] Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide? retrieved 9 February 2012

[Anne_Fausto_Sterling-10] Fausto Sterling, Anne (2000). Sexing The Body. New York: New York. pp. 44–77.

[11] Schilthuizen, M. 2014. Nature's Nether Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves. Penguin USA

v t e Sex

Biologcal terms	Sexual dimorphism Male Female Sexual differentiation Feminization Virilization Sex-determination system XY sex-determination system ZW sex-determination system X0 sex-determination system Temperature-dependent sex determination Haplodiploidy sex determination Sex chromosome X chromosome Y chromosome Testis determining factor Hermaphrodite Sequential hermaphroditism Intersex

Sexual reproduction	Evolution of sexual reproduction Anisogamy Isogamy Germ cell Reproductive system Sex organ Meiosis Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Gamete spermatozoon ovum Fertilization External fertilization Internal fertilization Sexual selection Plant reproduction Sexual reproduction in animals Sexual intercourse Human reproduction Fungal reproduction

Sexuality	Plant sexuality Animal sexuality Human sexuality Mechanics Differentiation Activity

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primary sexual characteristics