WordNet

with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection very hard"
(of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source (同)concentrated
with firmness; "held hard to the railing" (同)firmly
very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow" (同)knockout, severe
causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by the depression"; "she was severely affected by the banks failure" (同)severely
being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content; "hard liquor" (同)strong
unfortunate or hard to bear; "had hard luck"; "a tough break" (同)tough
(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum; "Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants"
dispassionate; "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer";
dried out; "hard dry rolls left over from the day before"
earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"
into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a few hours"
resisting weight or pressure
slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard"
to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plants opening"
with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
provide with a border or edge; "edge the tablecloth with embroidery" (同)edge
a strip forming the outer edge of something; "the rug had a wide blue border"
lie adjacent to another or share a boundary; "Canada adjoins the U.S."; "England marches with Scotland" (同)adjoin, edge, abut, march, butt, butt against, butt on
located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure
the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities (同)roof of the mouth

PrepTutorEJDIC

(物体が)『堅い』,(手触りが)堅固な,しっかりした / 『難しい』,努力を要する / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(人が)『精力的な』,勤勉な / 激しい,猛烈な / (生活などが)耐え難い,つらい / (季節・天候などが)厳しい;(雨・風などが)激しい / (人が)厳格な;(行為などが)容赦しない,無情な / (方針・条件などが)妥協(譲歩)しない,厳しい / (感情が)うらみを含む,憤然とした / (体が)筋肉質の,がんじょうな / (紙幣に対して)硬貨の,(小切手などに対して)現金の;(貨幣が)容易に兌換(だかん)できる / (子音が)硬音の(c,gがcome, goのように[k],[g]と発音される) / アルコール分の多い / (水が)硬質の / (エックス線が)透過能力が大きい / 一生懸命に,『熱心に』 / 『強く』,激しく,大いに / やっと,かろうじて / 『堅く』 / ひどく悲んで / 接近して
『ヘリ』,縁(ふち)端(はし);端に沿った部分 / (衣服・絵画などの)縁飾り,縁取り / 『国境』,境界;国境地方,辺境;《the B-》《米》米国とメキシコとの国境地方;《英》イングランドとスコットとの国境地方 / (…で)〈布・道など〉‘に'縁(へり)をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈土地など〉‘に'接する / (…に)〈矢地などが〉『隣接する』《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / ほとんど(…に)近い《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(生物学的に,位置が)後ろの,後部の / (時間・順序が)後の;(…より)後の《+『to』+『名』》(later) / しり(buttocks)
口蓋(こうがい),上あご / (…に対する)味覚;好み《+『for』+『名』》

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 頭頚部癌の診断および病期分類の概要 overview of the diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer
2. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
3. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity
4. 頭頸部癌患者における下顎および口蓋再建 mandibular and palatal reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer
5. 後天性上顎欠損のマネージメント：頭頸部癌手術後の補綴学的リハビリテーション management of acquired maxillary defects prosthetic rehabilitation after head and neck cancer surgery

English Journal

The use of SPHARM-PDM and mean latitude axis to evaluate airway changes.

Nguyen T, Phillips C, Paniagua B.
The Angle orthodontist.Angle Orthod.2016 Nov;86(6):943-948. Epub 2016 May 3.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce new 3-D imaging techniques to characterize shape and volume changes of the oropharyngeal space after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) advancement.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained for 20 patients undergoing B
PMID 27138685

Evolution of my philosophy in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Brusati R1.
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2016 Aug;44(8):901-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.05.003. Epub 2016 May 15.
PMID 27318751

Neuroblastoma in early childhood: A rare case report and review of literature.

Kalaskar RR1, Kalaskar AR2.
Contemporary clinical dentistry.Contemp Clin Dent.2016 Jul-Sep;7(3):401-4. doi: 10.4103/0976-237X.188579.
PMID 27630510

Japanese Journal

ニレクトロパラトグラフィ(EPG)を用いた口蓋裂術後症例の歯茎音構音動態の分析 : 「口蓋化構音」は "palatalized" か "retracted" か

藤原百合,山本一郎
音声言語医学 51(1), 26-31, 2010-01-20
「口蓋化構音」は, 歯茎音が舌尖ではなく舌の中央部と硬口蓋の後端で産生された歪み音と定義されているが, 実際の構音操作は口腔内の観察や聴覚的印象ではわかりにくい. そこで唇顎口蓋裂術後の10症例を対象として, 歯茎音/t//s//ts/産生時の舌と口蓋の接触パターンをエレクトロパラトグラフィを用いて分析した. 結果, 接触部位の後方化が最も多く (16音) , 次いで広範囲な接触 (6音) , 口 …
NAID 10026251971

Anatomical variation in the position of the greater palatine foramen

Chrcanovic Bruno R.,Custódio Antônio L. N.
Journal of
… The present study measured the position of the greater palatine foramen relative to adjacent anatomical landmarks in Brazilian skulls. … The perpendicular distance of the greater palatine foramen to the midline maxillary suture in Brazilian skulls was about 14 mm and the distance of greater palatine foramen to the incisive foramen was approximately 36 mm. …
NAID 130000253613

<原著>パノラマX線写真における上顎部及びその周辺構造の読影・診断に関する今日的課題についての考察その1 : 上顎洞癌・上咽頭癌症例の初期経過と読影上の問題点についての検討

中山均,Nakayama Hitoshi
新潟歯学会雑誌 28(1), 25-35, 1998-07
… The presence of malignant lesion in the maxillary bone and adjacent structures is recently easily diagnosed in the general or university hospitals using X-ray CT or MR imaging. … The purpose of this paper is to define the most valuable and handiest method of evaluating PTs of patients in dental offices. …
NAID 110000299535