tough

WordNet

resistant to cutting or chewing
physically toughened; "the tough bottoms of his feet" (同)toughened
not given to gentleness or sentimentality; "a tough character"
make tough or tougher; "This experience will toughen her"
facing facts or difficulties realistically and with determination (同)unsentimental
someone who bullies weaker people (同)plug-ugly
having a relatively tough outer covering

PrepTutorEJDIC

(物が)『じょうぶな』 / (肉などが)『堅い』 / (体が)『屈強な』,じょうぶな,(人が)粘り強い,タフな / (法などが)融通のきかない,(人・意志が)がんこな / 『骨の切れる』,やっかいな / 《米》粗暴な / 《話》不幸な,不運な,つらい / よた者,ごろつき,無法者
…を強じんにする,堅くする / 強じんになる,堅くなる
じょうぶさ,堅さ / 粘り強さ / (仕事が)骨が折れること

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/06 09:11:05」(JST)

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1. 膣切除術 vaginectomy
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4. 侵襲的モニタリングのための動脈カテーテル留置法 arterial catheterization techniques for invasive monitoring
5. ペイロニー病の外科的マネージメント surgical management of peyronies disease

English Journal

Parental perspectives on consent for participation in large-scale, non-biological data repositories.

Manhas KP1, Page S2, Dodd SX3, Letourneau N4, Ambrose A5, Cui X6, Tough SC7.
Life sciences, society and policy.Life Sci Soc Policy.2016 Dec;12(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s40504-016-0034-6. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
BACKGROUND: Data sharing presents several challenges to the informed consent process. Unique challenges emerge when sharing pediatric or pregnancy-related data. Here, parent preferences for sharing non-biological data are examined.METHODS: Groups (n = 4 groups, 18 participants) and individual in
PMID 26790860

Nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine lymphotoxin A gene and their distribution among Bos indicus zebu cattle breeds.

Behl JD1, Mishra P2, Verma NK2, Niranjan SK2, Dangi PS2, Sharma R2, Behl R2.
Gene.Gene.2016 Mar 15;579(1):82-94. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.049. Epub 2015 Dec 24.
The present study was undertaken to characterize the genetic variation present in lymphoxin A gene (LTA gene) encoding for the lymphotoxin A protein also known as tumor necrosis factor beta, a cytokine produced by lymphocytes, known to be cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells both in vitro and i
PMID 26724420

TGF-β1 induces erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by down-regulating PTEN.

Shen H1, Guan D1, Shen J2, Wang M3, Chen X1, Xu T1, Liu L4, Shu Y5.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & pharmacothérapie.Biomed Pharmacother.2016 Feb;77:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.018. Epub 2015 Nov 28.
BACKGROUND: TKI-acquired resistance is a tough obstacle for effectively treating NSCLC patients with EGFR mutant characteristics. T790M mutations and MET amplifications account for 70% of the acquired resistance, but the causes for the remaining 30% need elucidation.METHODS: We detected TGF-β1and P
PMID 26796257

Improving bone cement toughness and contrast agent confinement by using acrylic branched polymers.

Lissarrague MH1, Fascio ML2, Goyanes S3, D'Accorso NB4.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2016 Feb 1;59:901-8. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.097. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
A new biomedical material to be used as part of acrylic bone cement formulations is described. This new material is tough, its Young's Modulus is similar to the one of poly (methylmethacrylate) and the contrast agent, usually employed in acrylic bone cements, is homogeneously distributed among the p
PMID 26652446

Japanese Journal

「その子らしい」一人学習とは : 「大造じいさんとガン」の実践から

渡辺知世,溜池善裕
宇都宮大学教育学部教育実践紀要 (1), 217-220, 2015-08
NAID 120005649744

海外技術動向 Manufacturing Engineeringより革新的ツーリングで、手強い加工に安心と安全を : 標準・特殊を問わず、ツーリングが高い精度と性能の実現を競っている

Lorincz Jim,上智大学SLO [訳]
機械と工具 : 生産加工技術を支える 5(6), 50-54, 2015-06
NAID 40020488484

私とTQM : 私が実践してきたリコーの経営革新(<連載>経営トップ:私のTQM事始め)

桜井正光
品質 45(2), 164-168, 2015-04-15
… As a result, our company has become more flexible to correspond to the changing environment, and we were successful to grow both our top line and bottom line for 13 consecutive years regardless of the tough economic environment. …
NAID 110009944714

映画「男はつらいよ」シリーズの批判的ディスコース分析と社会分析 : 寅さんの両義性について

石上文正
人間と環境電子版 9, 1-22, 2015-03-31
映画「男はつらいよ」シリーズの劇中において映画のタイトルが表示されるときの口上、「わたくし、生まれも育ちも葛飾柴又です。帝釈天で産湯を使い、姓は車、名は寅次郎、人呼んでフーテンの寅と発します。」および寅さんが生きている社会・世界をN. フェアクラフの批判的ディスコース分析と社会分析を用いて考察する。批判的ディスコース分析から、寅さんの口上には多くの矛盾が認められ、彼が両義的人間であるという結論に至 …
NAID 110009910048

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