WordNet

place end to end without overlapping; "The frames must be butted at the joints"
the part of a plant from which the roots spring or the part of a stalk or trunk nearest the roots
thick end of the handle (同)butt end
the small unused part of something (especially the end of a cigarette that is left after smoking) (同)stub
a large cask (especially one holding a volume equivalent to 2 hogsheads or 126 gallons)
a victim of ridicule or pranks (同)goat, laughingstock, stooge
to strike, thrust or shove against; "He butted his sister out of the way"; "The goat butted the hiker with his horns" (同)bunt
provide with buttons; "button a shirt"
any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes
any artifact that resembles a button
a round flat badge displaying information and suitable for pinning onto a garment; "they passed out campaign buttons for their candidate"
fasten with buttons; "button the dress"
make stronger or defensible; "buttress your thesis"
reinforce with a buttress; "Buttress the church"
a support usually of stone or brick; supports the wall of a building (同)buttressing
the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made
a butt joint that is welded (同)butt-weld

PrepTutorEJDIC

…'を'頭(角)で突く(押す) / 頭(角)で突く(押す) / 頭(角)で突くこと(押すこと),飼突き
あざけり(批評などの)的;笑いもの
(武器・道具の)太いほうの端 / 残片
(ぶどう酒などの)大だる,一たる
(衣服の)『ボタン』 / 記章,バッジ / (ベルなどの)『押しボタン』 / 〈衣服など〉‘に'ボタンをかける《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈衣服が〉ボタンで留まる,ボタンがかかる
(建物の)控え壁 / (一般に)支えとなるもの / 〈建物〉'を'控え壁でささえる / …'を'支持する
牛乳の脂肪
アオイマメ,五色豆(米国南部産の種子の小さいライマメの変種)
《先に述べたことに反対・対照する内容の語・句・節を導いて》『しかし』,だが,けれども / 《前にある否定語と対応して》(…でなく)『て』 / 《間投詞などの後でほとんど意味を持たずに》 / 『…を除いて』,以外に(except) / 《しばしばthatを伴って》『…でなければ』,『でないと』(unless) / 《文》《否定文に続いて》…しないでは(…ない),(…すれば)必ず…する / 《文》《否定の主節に続いて,so, suchと相関的に》…しないほど / 《文》《否定文・疑問文に用いられてdeny, doubt, questionなどの後で,名詞節を導いて》…ということ(that) / 《文》《否定文・疑問文に用いられたbe sure, believe, can tell, know, think, it is impossibleなどの後に,名詞節を導いて》…でないということを(that … not) / 『ほんの』,ただ(only) / 『…を除いて』,…のほかは(except) / …しない(もの)(that … not)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/15 13:27:37」(JST)

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1. 消化器病学における臨床病理学的症例：食道 clinical pathological cases in gastroenterology esophagus
2. 正常な陣痛および分娩のマネージメント management of normal labor and delivery

English Journal

Axial displacements in external and internal implant-abutment connection.

Lee JH, Kim DG, Park CJ, Cho LR.Author information Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea.AbstractOBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the axial displacement of the abutments during clinical procedures by the tightening torque and cyclic loading.
Clinical oral implants research.Clin Oral Implants Res.2014 Feb;25(2):e83-9. doi: 10.1111/clr.12062. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the axial displacement of the abutments during clinical procedures by the tightening torque and cyclic loading.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two different implant-abutment connection systems were used (external butt joint connection [EXT]; internal tape
PMID 23088616

Literature review of baseline study for risk analysis - The landfill leachate case.

Butt TE1, Gouda HM2, Baloch MI3, Paul P4, Javadi AA5, Alam A6.Author information 1Centre of Water Systems (CWS), College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, The University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF England, UK. Electronic address: t_e_butt@hotmail.com.2Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY England, UK.3Utilities Business Unit, Jacobs, 1180 Eskdale Road, Winnersh, Wokingham, RG41 5TU England, UK.4School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH England, UK.5Department of Engineering, College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences (CEMPS), The University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF England, UK.6Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Katchery Road, Lahore, Pakistan.AbstractThere is growing awareness and public concern about environmental impacts of waste management and disposal. Environmental policy instruments have been strengthened and associated governmental programmes have increased in recent years, resulting in high level strategies for waste management. Risk assessment is now an essential tool in the prioritisation of environmental and human health protection. However, regulators need to compare the full range of risks on a sound and consistent basis. Comparing risks from such diverse sources poses a significant challenge, and traditional hazard and risk assessments are no longer sufficient. Consideration now needs to be given to a much wider range of factors if risk assessment is to be used as an aid to more integrated decision-making process. For this purpose, baseline study - the foundation of risk assessment - can play a crucial role. To date limited research has been conducted on the need, parameters, requirements, and constituents of baseline study particularly in the context of how, why, and what information is to be collated in order to render risk assessments more appropriately integrated and complete. To establish the 'state-of-the-art' of baseline study, this paper comprehensively reviews the literature regarding environmental risk assessment in general terms, and then proceeds to review work that is specifically related to landfills and landfill leachate, thereby identifying knowledge gaps and shortfall areas. This review concludes that a holistic baseline study procedure for waste disposal sites, which risk assessors could use for carrying out risk analyses specifically for landfill leachate, does not as yet exist.
Environment international.Environ Int.2014 Feb;63:149-62. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.015. Epub 2013 Nov 30.
There is growing awareness and public concern about environmental impacts of waste management and disposal. Environmental policy instruments have been strengthened and associated governmental programmes have increased in recent years, resulting in high level strategies for waste management. Risk ass
PMID 24295846

The dual role of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis.

Pekny M1, Wilhelmsson U2, Pekna M3.Author information 1Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Milos.Pekny@neuro.gu.se.2Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.3Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.AbstractAstrocyte activation and reactive gliosis accompany most of pathologies in the brain, spinal cord and the retina. Reactive gliosis has been described as constitutive, graded, multi-stage and evolutionary conserved defensive astroglial reaction [Verkhratsky and Butt (2013) In: Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology]. A well- known feature of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis is the increased production of intermediate filament proteins (also known as nanofilament proteins) and remodeling of the intermediate filament system of astrocytes. Activation of astrocytes is associated with changes in the expression of many genes and characteristic morphological hallmarks, and has important functional consequences in situations such as stroke, trauma, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. The impact of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis on the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders is not yet fully understood, but the available experimental evidence points to many beneficial aspects of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis that range from isolation and sequestration of the affected region of the central nervous system (CNS) from the neighboring tissue that limits the lesion size, to active neuroprotection and regulation of the CNS homeostasis in times of acute ischemic, osmotic, or other kinds of stress. The available experimental data from selected CNS pathologies suggest that if not resolved in time, reactive gliosis can exert inhibitory effects on several aspects of neuroplasticity and CNS regeneration and thus might become a target for future therapeutic interventions.
Neuroscience letters.Neurosci Lett.2014 Jan 6. pii: S0304-3940(14)00008-1. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.071. [Epub ahead of print]
Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis accompany most of pathologies in the brain, spinal cord and the retina. Reactive gliosis has been described as constitutive, graded, multi-stage and evolutionary conserved defensive astroglial reaction [Verkhratsky and Butt (2013) In: Glial Physiology and Pa
PMID 24406153

Dietary administration of paraquat for 13weeks does not result in a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of C57BL/6J mice.

Minnema DJ1, Travis KZ2, Breckenridge CB3, Sturgess NC2, Butt M4, Wolf JC5, Zadory D5, Beck MJ6, Mathews JM7, Tisdel MO3, Cook AR2, Botham PA2, Smith LL8.Author information 1Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27419-8300, USA. Electronic address: daniel.minnema@syngenta.com.2Syngenta Limited, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.3Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27419-8300, USA.4Tox Path Specialists, LLC, 8420 Gas House Pike, Frederick, MD 21701-2607, USA.5Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., 45600 Terminal Drive, Sterling, VA 20166, USA.6WIL Research Laboratories, Ltd., Ashland, OH 44805, USA.7RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.8College of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.AbstractSeveral investigations have reported that mice administered paraquat dichloride (PQ·Cl2) by intraperitoneal injection exhibit a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In this study, male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered PQ·Cl2 in the diet at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, and 50ppm for a duration of 13weeks. A separate group of mice were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) during week 12 as positive controls to produce a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. The comparative effects of PQ and MPTP on the SNpc and/or striatum were assessed using neurochemical, neuropathological, and stereological endpoints. Morphological and stereological assessments were performed by investigators 'blinded' to the origin of the tissue. Neither dose of PQ·Cl2 (10ppm or 50 in the diet) caused a loss of striatal dopamine or dopamine metabolite concentrations in the brains of mice. Pathological assessments of the SNpc and striatum showed no evidence of neuronal degeneration or astrocytic/microglial activation. Furthermore, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons in the SNpc was not reduced in PQ-treated mice. In contrast, MPTP caused a decrease in striatal dopamine concentration, a reduction in TH+ neurons in the SNpc, and significant pathological changes including astrocytic and microglial activation in the striatum and SNpc. The MPTP-induced effects were greater in males than in females. It is concluded that 13weeks of continuous dietary exposure of C57BL/6J mice to 50ppm PQ·Cl2 (equivalent to 10.2 and 15.6mg PQ ion/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively) does not result in the loss of, or damage to, dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc.
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.Regul Toxicol Pharmacol.2014 Jan 3. pii: S0273-2300(13)00225-0. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.12.010. [Epub ahead of print]
Several investigations have reported that mice administered paraquat dichloride (PQ·Cl2) by intraperitoneal injection exhibit a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In this study, male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered PQ·Cl2 in the diet at concentrat
PMID 24389362

Japanese Journal

128Gb/sモノリシック集積型シリコン光変調器のモジュール化 (レーザ・量子エレクトロニクス)

石原啓樹,松本亮吉,益子泰裕 [他]
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(187), 103-108, 2014-08-21
NAID 40020191764

BCB貼り付けによるSi基板上集積導波路形半導体薄膜DFBレーザ (レーザ・量子エレクトロニクス)

井上大輔,李智恩,平谷拓生 [他]
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(187), 17-22, 2014-08-21
NAID 40020191621

128Gb/sモノリシック集積型シリコン光変調器のモジュール化 (光エレクトロニクス)

石原啓樹,松本亮吉,益子泰裕 [他]
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(186), 103-108, 2014-08-21
NAID 40020191371

BCB貼り付けによるSi基板上集積導波路形半導体薄膜DFBレーザ (光エレクトロニクス)

井上大輔,李智恩,平谷拓生 [他]
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(186), 17-22, 2014-08-21
NAID 40020191130

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n.

殿部、尻。船尾

Atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries may produce intermittent claudication of the buttock, calf, thigh, or foot, with severe disease resulting in tissue damage of the toes.(HIM.1382)