WordNet

talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you"
become level or even; "The ground levelled off" (同)level off
indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid (同)spirit_level
height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level"
an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously" (同)layer, stratum
tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled" (同)raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take_down, pull down
not showing abrupt variations; "spoke in a level voice"; "she gave him a level look"- Louis Auchincloss (同)unwavering
aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody"
being on a precise horizontal plane; "a billiard table must be level"
oriented at right angles to the plumb; "the picture is level"
incomprehensibility resulting from irrelevant information or meaningless facts or remarks; "all the noise in his speech concealed the fact that he didnt have anything to say"
the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience; "modern music is just noise to me" (同)dissonance, racket
electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication (同)interference, disturbance
a loud outcry of protest or complaint; "the announcement of the election recount caused a lot of noise"; "whatever it was he didnt like it and he was going to let them know by making as loud a noise as he could"
sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound); "he enjoyed the street noises"; "they heard indistinct noises of people talking"; "during the firework display that ended the gala the noise reached 98 decibels"
become conscious of; "She finally perceived the futility of her protest"
to become aware of through the senses; "I could perceive the ship coming over the horizon" (同)comprehend
the amplitude level of the undesired background noise (同)background level
detected by means of the senses; "a perceived difference in temperature"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(土地などが)『平らな』,水平な,凸凹のない / 『同じ高さ(程度)の』 / 《話》精神状態がよくつり合いのとれた,分別のある / 〈U〉〈C〉(地位・程度などの一般的な)『標準』,『水準』,レベル / 〈C〉(高さ・深さの基準となる)『水平面』,水平線 / 〈C〉〈U〉(ある物と比べたときの)『高さ』,深さ / 〈C〉(建物の)階,層 / 〈C〉《おもに米》(水準器《英》spirit level) / 〈物の表面〉‘を'『平らにする』 / 〈木・家など〉‘を'倒す / 〈地位・程度など〉‘を'一様にする,平均する / 《『level』+『名』+『at』+『名』》(目標に)〈銃など〉の水準器を合わせる / 《『level』+『名』+『at』(『against』)+『名』〈人〉》(人に)〈非難など〉‘を'浴びせる / 水平に,平らに
〈C〉〈U〉(特に,大きなまたは不快な)『音』,物音 / 〈C〉〈U〉(街・往来などの)『ざわめき』,騒音,騒々しい声 / 〈C〉(一般に)物音 / 〈U〉(ラジオ・テレビなどの)ノイズ,雑音 / …‘を'広める,言い触らす《+『名』+『about』(『abroad, around』)》 / 音を立てる;大声で話す《+『about』(『around, abroad』)》
(五感,特に目で)…‘に'『気がつく』 / …‘を'『理解する』,『悟る』

UpToDate Contents

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1. 労働および妊娠 work and pregnancy
2. 成人における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing loss in adults
3. 心臓リハビリテーションおよび運動処方の要素 components of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise prescription
4. 耳鳴の病因および診断 etiology and diagnosis of tinnitus
5. 小児における難聴の病因 etiology of hearing impairment in children

English Journal

Effect of nocturnal road traffic noise exposure and annoyance on objective and subjective sleep quality.

Frei P1, Mohler E1, Röösli M2.Author information 1Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.2Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: martin.roosli@unibas.ch.AbstractBACKGROUND: Various epidemiological studies have found an association between noise exposure and sleep quality, but the mediating role of annoyance is unclear for this association.
International journal of hygiene and environmental health.Int J Hyg Environ Health.2014 Mar;217(2-3):188-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.04.003. Epub 2013 Apr 22.
BACKGROUND: Various epidemiological studies have found an association between noise exposure and sleep quality, but the mediating role of annoyance is unclear for this association.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of both objectively modeled road traffic noise exposure as well as noise annoyanc
PMID 23684342

Understanding the contribution of neural and physiological signal variation to the low repeatability of emotion-induced BOLD responses.

Lipp I1, Murphy K2, Wise RG2, Caseras X3.Author information 1Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK.2Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK. Electronic address: CaserasX@cardiff.ac.uk.AbstractPrevious studies have reported low repeatability of BOLD activation measures during emotion processing tasks. It is not clear, however, whether low repeatability is a result of changes in the underlying neural signal over time, or due to insufficient reliability of the acquired BOLD signal caused by noise contamination. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of "cleaning" the BOLD signal, by correcting for physiological noise and for differences in BOLD responsiveness, on measures of repeatability. Fifteen healthy volunteers were scanned on two different occasions, performing an emotion provocation task with faces (neutral, 50% fearful, 100% fearful) followed by a breath-hold paradigm to provide a marker of BOLD responsiveness. Repeatability of signal distribution (spatial repeatability) and repeatability of signal amplitude within two regions of interest (amygdala and fusiform gyrus) were estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Significant repeatability of signal amplitude was only found within the right amygdala during the perception of 50% fearful faces, but disappeared when physiological noise correction was performed. Spatial repeatability was higher within the fusiform gyrus than within the amygdala, and better at the group level than at the participant level. Neither physiological noise correction, nor consideration of BOLD responsiveness, assessed through the breath-holding, increased repeatability. The findings lead to the conclusion that low repeatability of BOLD response amplitude to emotional faces is more likely to be explained by the lack of stability in the underlying neural signal than by physiological noise contamination. Furthermore, reported repeatability might be a result of repeatability of task-correlated physiological variation rather than neural activity. This means that the emotion paradigm used in this study might not be useful for studies that require the BOLD response to be a stable measure of emotional processing, for example in the context of biomarkers.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Feb 1;86:335-42. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
Previous studies have reported low repeatability of BOLD activation measures during emotion processing tasks. It is not clear, however, whether low repeatability is a result of changes in the underlying neural signal over time, or due to insufficient reliability of the acquired BOLD signal caused by
PMID 24128735

Neural correlates of experimentally induced flow experiences.

Ulrich M1, Keller J2, Hoenig K3, Waller C3, Grön G4.Author information 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany. Electronic address: martin.ulrich@uni-ulm.de.2Department of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.3Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.4Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, 89075 Ulm, Germany.AbstractFlow refers to a positive, activity-associated, subjective experience under conditions of a perceived fit between skills and task demands. Using functional magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, we investigated the neural correlates of flow in a sample of 27 human subjects. Experimentally, in the flow condition participants worked on mental arithmetic tasks at challenging task difficulty which was automatically and continuously adjusted to individuals' skill level. Experimental settings of "boredom" and "overload" served as comparison conditions. The experience of flow was associated with relative increases in neural activity in the left anterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left putamen. Relative decreases in neural activity were observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the amygdala (AMY). Subjective ratings of the flow experience were significantly associated with changes in neural activity in the IFG, AMY, and, with trend towards significance, in the MPFC. We conclude that neural activity changes in these brain regions reflect psychological processes that map on the characteristic features of flow: coding of increased outcome probability (putamen), deeper sense of cognitive control (IFG), decreased self-referential processing (MPFC), and decreased negative arousal (AMY).
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Feb 1;86:194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.019. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
Flow refers to a positive, activity-associated, subjective experience under conditions of a perceived fit between skills and task demands. Using functional magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, we investigated the neural correlates of flow in a sample of 27 human subjects. Experimentally, in the flo
PMID 23959200

Japanese Journal

ノッチノズルのエンジン騒音試験

石井達哉,田中望,大石勉,石井豊
日本ガスタービン学会誌 41(5), 408-413, 2013-09-20
… This paper describes the noise test of a notched nozzle using a demonstrator engine in outdoor environment. … The notch, a tiny dent formed at the nozzle lip, is expected to suppress both jet mixing noise and thrust loss due to the mixing enhancement. … This paper outlines the noise test setup with this engine and the test results. …
NAID 110009657823