対光反射
WordNet
- very thin and insubstantial; "thin paper"; "light summer dresses"
- make lighter or brighter; "This lamp lightens the room a bit" (同)illume, illumine, light_up, illuminate
- a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow Gods light" (同)illumination
- having abundant light or illumination; "they played as long as it was light"; "as long as the lighting was good" (同)lighting
- (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window" (同)visible_light, visible_radiation
- any device serving as a source of illumination; "he stopped the car and turned off the lights" (同)light_source
- the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures; "he could paint the lightest light and the darkest dark" (同)lightness
- a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
- a person regarded very fondly; "the light of my life"
- a visual warning signal; "they saw the light of the beacon"; "there was a light at every corner"
- an illuminated area; "he stepped into the light"
- mental understanding as an enlightening experience; "he finally saw the light"; "can you shed light on this problem?"
- public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
- (used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent; "light blue"; "light colors such as pastels"; "a light-colored powder" (同)light-colored
- moving easily and quickly; nimble; "the dancer was light and graceful"; "a lightsome buoyant step"; "walked with a light tripping step" (同)lightsome, tripping
- having relatively few calories; "diet cola"; "light (or lite) beer"; "lite (or light) mayonnaise"; "a low-cal diet" (同)lite, low-cal, calorie-free
- less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so; "a light pound"; "a scant cup of sugar"; "regularly gives short weight" (同)scant, short
- (of sleep) easily disturbed; "in a light doze"; "a light sleeper"; "a restless wakeful night" (同)wakeful
- (physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average; "light water is ordinary water"
- (used of soil) loose and large-grained in consistency; "light soil"
- characterized by or emitting light; "a room that is light when the shutters are open"; "the inside of the house was airy and light"
- demanding little effort; not burdensome; "light housework"; "light exercise"
- designed for ease of movement or to carry little weight; "light aircraft"; "a light truck"
- easily assimilated in the alimentary canal; not rich or heavily seasoned; "a light diet"
- having little importance; "losing his job was no light matter"
- intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound; "light verse"; "a light comedy"
- not great in degree or quantity or number; "a light sentence"; "a light accent"; "casualties were light"; "light snow was falling"; "light misty rain"; "light smoke from the chimney"
- of comparatively little physical weight or density; "a light load"; "magnesium is a light metal--having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C"
- of little intensity or power or force; "the light touch of her fingers"; "a light breeze"
- of the military or industry; using (or being) relatively small or light arms or equipment; "light infantry"; "light cavalry"; "light industry"; "light weapons"
- psychologically light; especially free from sadness or troubles; "a light heart"
- an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
- apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film
- the craft of providing artificial light; "an interior decorator must understand lighting"
- set afire or burning; "the lighted candles"; "a lighted cigarette"; "a lit firecracker" (同)lit
- (of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『光,光線』;明るさ / 〈U〉夜明け;日中;日光 / 〈C〉『明かり』(太陽・灯火など光を出すもの) / 〈U〉《時にa~》光輝(brightness),(目などの)輝き / 〈C〉(点火するための)火,火花 / 〈C〉明かり採り,採光窓 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(絵などの)明るい部分 / 〈U〉(…についての)知識,情報,理解《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ものを見る)観点,見地;相 / 〈C〉この世に光を与える人;指導的な人物 / …‘に'『火をつける』《+『up』+『名』+『名』+『up』》 / …‘に'『明かりをつける』,‘を'照らす《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈人〉‘を'明かりをつけて案内する / 〈表情など〉‘を'明るくする《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈物が〉火がつく,点火する;明かりがつく《+『up』》 / 明るくなる,晴れ晴れする《+『up』》 / 『明るい』 / (色が)『薄い』
- (重量が)『軽い』 / (いろいろな事について,その程座・量が)軽い,小さい / 『軽快な』 / 軽装の / 肩のこらない;気軽な / 手軽な,骨の折れなし / (食べ物が)消化のよい,もたれない / ふらふらする,目まいのする / アルコール分の少ない / (パンなどが)ふんわりした / (重量が)軽く / (程度が)軽く,容易に;軽装で
- (車・馬などから)降りる《+『from』+『名』》(alight) / (木などに)〈鳥などが〉止まる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈打撃・運などが〉突然ふりかかる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
- 反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
- 照明,点火 / 照明方法(装置)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/02/17 08:34:57」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function.
Types include:
- Pupillary light reflex
- Accommodation reflex
See also:
Although pupillary dilation is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
Accommodation and vergence are also known as the "near response", while inhibition of the ciliary muscle is also known as the "far response".
Sensory system: Visual system and eye movement pathways
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Visual perception |
1° (Bipolar cell of Retina) → 2° (Ganglionic cell) → 3° (Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → LGN of Thalamus) → 4° (Optic radiation → Cuneus and Lingual gyrus of Visual cortex → Blobs → Globs)
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Muscles of orbit |
Tracking
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Smooth pursuit: Parietal lobe · Occipital lobe
Saccade: Frontal eye fields
Nystagmus → Fixation reflex → PPRF
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Horizontal gaze
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PPRF → Abducens nucleus → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle
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Vertical gaze
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Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit
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Vestibulo-ocular reflex
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Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Abducens nucleus → MLF (Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers) → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle
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Pupillary reflex |
Pupillary dilation
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1° (Posterior hypothalamus → Ciliospinal center) → 2° (Superior cervical ganglion) → 3° (Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Nasociliary nerve → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle)
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Pupillary light reflex
(constriction)
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1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectal nucleus) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Oculomotor nerve → Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion → Ciliary ganglion) → (4° Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle)
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Accommodation
vergence
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1° (Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectal area) → 2° (Edinger-Westphal nucleus) → 3° (Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle)
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Circadian rhythm |
Retina → Hypothalamus (Suprachiasmatic nucleus)
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anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot
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proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Evaluation of the mydriatic effects of topical administration of rocuronium bromide in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
- Petritz OA, Guzman DS, Gustavsen K, Wiggans KT, Kass PH, Houck E, Murphy CJ, Paul-Murphy J.
- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.J Am Vet Med Assoc.2016 Jan 1;248(1):67-71. doi: 10.2460/javma.248.1.67.
- OBJECTIVE To determine the mydriatic effects of topical rocuronium bromide administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and to identify any adverse effects associated with treatment. DESIGN Randomized crossover study. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. PROCEDURES
- PMID 26684093
- Connexin 36 and Rod Bipolar Cell Independent Rod Pathways Drive Retinal Ganglion Cells and Optokinetic Reflexes.
- Cowan CS1, Abd-El-Barr M2, van der Heijden M2, Lo EM3, Paul D4, Bramblett DE5, Lem J6, Simons DL2, Wu SM7.
- Vision research.Vision Res.2015 Dec 21. pii: S0042-6989(15)00367-3. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.11.006. [Epub ahead of print]
- Rod pathways are a parallel set of synaptic connections which enable night vision by relaying and processing rod photoreceptor light responses. We use dim light stimuli to isolate rod pathway contributions to downstream light responses then characterize these contributions in knockout mice lacking r
- PMID 26718442
- Postconditioning with inhaled hydrogen promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
- Wang R1, Wu J1, Chen Z1, Xia F1, Sun Q1, Liu L2.
- Brain research.Brain Res.2015 Dec 16. pii: S0006-8993(15)00954-3. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.015. [Epub ahead of print]
- Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases. Intraperitoneal injection or ocular instillation with hydrogen (H2)-rich saline was recently shown to be neuroprotective in the retina due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory eff
- PMID 26705611
Japanese Journal
- Quantitative assessment of pupillary light reflex in normal and anesthetized dogs: a preliminary study
- , , ,
- Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(4), 475-478, 2015
- … The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in normal and anesthetized dogs using a pupillometer. … PLRs were measured with a handheld pupillometer in dim light before and during anesthesia. …
- NAID 130005067013
- Vocal cord dysfunction に対する口すぼめ吸気法
- 丸山 裕美子,塚田 弥生,平井 信行 [他],中西 庸介,吉崎 智一
- 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 118(1), 53-61, 2015
- Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) における声帯奇異運動は一般的に一過性かつ発作性である. われわれは36例の VCD 加療経験の後, 持続的に声帯奇異運動を認める症例を経験し, 声帯奇異運動が「口すぼめ吸気法」施行中に改善し呼吸法中止により再発することを確認した. VCD は気道刺激に対する声門閉鎖反射亢進と, 吸気時の声門下陰圧に対する能動的声帯内転運動により生ずると考 …
- NAID 130004914046
- 立位および歩行時における足部皮膚神経刺激によって誘発された体幹筋群皮膚反射の動態
- 鈴木 伸弥,二橋 元紀,大塚 裕之 [他],原口 慧史,中島 剛,大森 茂樹,笹田 周作,小宮山 伴与志
- 体力科学 64(1), 135-144, 2015
- … This study examined the cutaneous reflexes (CR) to shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of the trunk muscles during walking and standing. … In addition, reflex ratios were significantly larger during walking than standing. …
- NAID 130004909070
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- brain stem reflex
- 関
- 脳死判定基準
[★]
- 英
- light reflex
- 同
- 光反射 light response light reaction
- 関
- 瞳孔反射、瞳孔強直
経路
臨床関連
[★]
- 英
- light cone, cone of light, pyramid of light, light reflex
- 関
- 鼓膜
[★]
- 関
- light reflex
[★]
- 関
- bright、photic、photoradiation、point of view、ray、viewpoint、visible light、visible radiation
[★]
- 関
- reflect、reflection、reflective
[★]
- 関
- illumination