WordNet

a crisis situation or point in time when a critical decision must be made; "at that juncture he had no idea what to do"; "he must be made to realize that the company stands at a critical point" (同)critical_point, crossroads
an event that occurs at a critical time; "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave"; "it was needed only on special occasions" (同)occasion
land on or hit solidly; "The brick connected on her head, knocking her out"
be or become joined or united or linked; "The two streets connect to become a highway"; "Our paths joined"; "The travelers linked up again at the airport" (同)link, link up, join, unite
connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces; "Can you connect the two loudspeakers?"; "Tie the ropes together"; "Link arms" (同)link, tie, link up
be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as in transportation; "The local train does not connect with the Amtrak train"; "The planes dont connect and you will have to wait for four hours"
establish a rapport or relationship; "The President of this university really connects with the faculty"
hit or play a ball successfully; "The batter connected for a home run"
join by means of communication equipment; "The telephone company finally put in lines to connect the towns in this area"
join for the purpose of communication; "Operator, could you connect me to the Raffles in Singapore?"
come into the company of; "She joined him for a drink"
cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" (同)bring together
make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" (同)conjoin
become part of; become a member of a group or organization; "He joined the Communist Party as a young man" (同)fall_in, get together
a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it); "there was a connection between eating that pickle and having that nightmare" (同)connexion, connectedness
a connecting shape (同)connexion, link
the state of being connected; "the connection between church and state is inescapable" (同)link, connectedness
shifting from one form of transportation to another; "the plane was late and he missed his connection in Atlanta" (同)connexion
an instrumentality that connects; "he soldered the connection"; "he didnt have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers" (同)connexion, connector, connecter, connective
(usually plural) a person who is influential and to whom you are connected in some way (as by family or friendship); "he has powerful connections"
a supplier (especially of narcotics)
the means of connection between things linked in series (同)nexus
a unit of length equal to 1/100 of a chain
an interconnecting circuit between two or more locations for the purpose of transmitting and receiving data (同)data link
a fastener that serves to join or connect; "the walls are held together with metal links placed in the wet mortar during construction" (同)linkup, tie, tie-in
(computing) an instruction that connects one part of a program or an element on a list to another program or list
undergo conjugation
unite chemically so that the product is easily broken down into the original compounds
formed by the union of two compounds; "a conjugated protein" (同)conjugated
of an organic compound; containing two or more double bonds each separated from the other by a single bond (同)conjugated
joined together especially in a pair or pairs (同)conjugated, coupled
(of a pinnate leaflet) having only one pair of leaflets
add inflections showing person, number, gender, tense, aspect, etc.; "conjugate the verb"
a critical combination of events or circumstances

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉連結,接合,接続 / 〈C〉連結点,接合線,継ぎ目,縫い目 / 〈C〉時点,(特に)重大な時点;危機(crisis) / 〈U〉〈C〉連接,ジャンクチャー(語・句・節・文の発音上の切れ目を示す音声的特徴)
〈2個の物〉'を'『連結する』,結びつける;(…と)…'を'結合する電話でつなぐ《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《受動態で》(…と)…'を'『関係させる』,親類関係にする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…で)…'を'連想する,結びつけて考える《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 〈物・事柄などが〉(…と)関連している,つながる《+『with』+『名』(『wh-節』)》 / 〈交通機関が〉(…と)連絡(接続)している《+『with』+『名』》
〈二つ以上のもの〉‘を'『つなぐ』,結合する《+『名』+『together』(『up』)》;(…に)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『to』(『onto』)+『名』》 / (線などで)〈二つ以上のもの〉‘の'間を結ぶ(つなぐ)《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』》 / (友情・結婚などで)〈人〉‘を'結びつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / 〈川・道などが〉…‘と'いっしょになる,合流する / 〈会など〉‘に'『加入する』 / (…で)〈人〉‘の'『仲間に入る』,‘と'いっしょになる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』(『for』)+『名』,+『名』〈人〉+『in』do『ing』》 / (…に)『加わる』《+『in』+『名』〈事〉/+『in』『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人と…を)『ともにする』《+『with』+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(doing)》 / 〈川・道などが〉『いっしょになる』,合流する / 接合箇所(点,面,線);継ぎ目
(鎖の)『輪』,環 / 鎖のようにつながったソーセージの一節 / (…と)つなぐ物(人),(…との)きずな,つながり《+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《複数形で》=cuff links / …‘を'『つなぎ合わせる』,連結する;(…と)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…と)結合する,つながる《+[『up』(『together』)]『with』+『名』》
たいまつ
〈動詞〉'を'活用(変化)させる / 〈動詞が〉活用(変化)する / 〈単細胞生物が〉接合する / (特に対になって)結合した,接合の
(重大な危機をはらんだ)局面,場合;急場

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/12 21:35:14」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Juncture, in linguistics, is the manner of moving (transition) or mode of relationship between two consecutive sounds. It is the relationship between two successive syllables in speech.^[1] A juncture is, formally, a suprasegmental phonemic cue, a means by which a listener can distinguish between two otherwise identical sequences of sounds that have different meanings.^[1]

Typology

There are several kinds of juncture, the most widely used typology of which is:

plus juncture: Also known as open juncture, this is subdivided into internal open juncture and external open juncture. It is the juncture that occurs at word boundaries.^[2] In phonetic transcription open juncture is transcribed /+/, hence the name plus juncture.^[2]
close juncture: Also known as a normal transition, this is a transition between segments (sounds) within a word.^[2]
terminal juncture: Also known as falling,^[3] clause terminal or terminal contour,^{[citation needed]} this is the juncture at the end of a clause or utterance with falling pitch before a silence.^[3]

Other less common typologies exist,^[2] such as the division (favoured by American Structuralist linguists in the middle twentieth century) into plus, single bar, double bar, and double cross junctures, denoted /+/, /|/, /||/, and /#/ respectively.^[4]^[5]^[6] These correspond to syllabification and differences in intonation, single bar being a level pitch before a break, double bar being an upturn in pitch and a break, and double cross being a downturn in pitch that usually comes at the end of an utterance.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Examples from English

In English, a syllable break at the plus juncture sometimes distinguishes otherwise homophonic phrases.

"a name" /ə.neɪm/ and "an aim" /ən.eɪm/^[9]
"that stuff" /ðæt.stʌf/ and "that's tough" /ðæts.tʌf/^[2]^[10]

A word boundary preceded or followed by a syllable break is called an external open juncture. If there is no break, so that words on either side of the juncture are run together, the boundary is called an internal open juncture.^[2]

The distinction between open and close juncture is the difference between "night rate", /naɪt.reɪt/ with the open juncture between /t/ and /r/, and "nitrate", /naɪ.treɪt/ with close juncture between /t/ and /r/.^[2]

Oronyms

In recreational linguistics, an oronym is a pair of phrases which are homophonic. When pronounced without a pause between words (internal open juncture), phrases which differ in meaning and spelling may share a similar pronunciation. Examples include "ice cream" /aɪs+kriːm/ and "I scream" /aɪ+skriːm/ (This is employed in the chant "I scream; you scream; we all scream for ice cream" that is familiar to many English-speaking children.^[11]) The label oronym was suggested by Gyles Brandreth and first published in his book The Joy of Lex (1980).

References

^ ^a ^b Nicolosi, Harryman & Kresheck 2004, p. 166.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Skandera & Burleigh 2011, p. 62.
^ ^a ^b Crystal 2011, p. 238.
^ Rajimwale 2006, pp. 119–120.
^ ^a ^b Trask 1996, "double-bar juncture".
^ ^a ^b Trask 1996, "double-cross juncture".
^ Trask 1996, "single-bar juncture".
^ Malmkjaer 2002, p. 409.
^ Nasr 1997, p. 45.
^ Rajimwale 2006, pp. 119.
^ Goldstein 2010, p. 321.

Reference bibliography

Brandreth, Gyles (1980). The Joy of Lex: How to Have Fun with 860,341,500 Words. Quill. ISBN 978-0-688-01397-4.
Crystal, David (2011). Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-5675-5.
Goldstein, E. Bruce (2010). Sensation and Perception. PSY 385 (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 9780495601494.
Malmkjaer, Kirst (2002). "phonemics". Linguistics Encyclopedia (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415222105.
Nasr, Raja T. (1997). Applied English Phonology: For Esl/Efl Teachers. University Press of America. ISBN 9780761806417.
Nicolosi, Lucille; Harryman, Elizabeth; Kresheck, Janet (2004). "Juncture". Terminology of Communication Disorders: Speech-Language-Hearing (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781741965.
Rajimwale, Sharad (2006). "Juncture". Handbook Of Linguistic Terms. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 9788176256483.
Skandera, Paul; Burleigh, Peter (2011). "Lesson Six". A Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology: Twelve Lessons with an Integrated Course in Phonetic Transcription. Narr Studienbücher (2nd ed.). Gunter Narr Verlag. ISBN 9783823366652.
Trask, R. L. (1996). A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. Routledge. ISBN 9781134831005.

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