WordNet

tell spontaneously; "crack a joke"
become fractured; break or crack on the surface only; "The glass cracked when it was heated" (同)check, break
break into simpler molecules by means of heat; "The petroleum cracked"
break partially but keep its integrity; "The glass cracked"
cause to become cracked; "heat and light cracked the back of the leather chair"
reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking
a purified and potent form of cocaine that is smoked rather than snorted; highly addictive (同)crack_cocaine, tornado
a usually brief attempt; "he took a crack at it"; "I gave it a whirl" (同)fling, go, pass, whirl, offer
a blemish resulting from a break without complete separation of the parts; "there was a crack in the mirror"
a long narrow opening (同)cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure
a sudden sharp noise; "the crack of a whip"; "he heard the cracking of the ice"; "he can hear the snap of a twig" (同)cracking, snap
gain unauthorized access computers with malicious intentions; "she cracked my password"; "crack a safe"
hit forcefully; deal a hard blow, making a cracking noise; "The teacher cracked him across the face with a ruler"
make a very sharp explosive sound; "His gun cracked"
thin in thickness or diameter; "a fine film of oil"; "fine hairs"; "read the fine print"
money extracted as a penalty (同)mulct, amercement
characterized by elegance or refinement or accomplishment; "fine wine"; "looking fine in her Easter suit"; "a fine gentleman"; "fine china and crystal"; "a fine violinist"; "the fine hand of a master"
free from impurities; having a high or specified degree of purity; "gold 21 carats fine"
minutely precise especially in differences in meaning; "a fine distinction"
of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles; "wood with a fine grain"; "fine powdery snow"; "fine rain"; "batiste is a cotton fabric with a fine weave"; "covered with a fine film of dust"
having the surface decorated with a network of fine cracks, as in crackleware; "a crackle glaze"
to become, or to cause to become, covered with a network of small cracks; "The blazing sun crackled the desert sand"
glazed china with a network of fine cracks on the surface (同)crackleware, crackle china
the sharp sound of snapping noises (同)crackling, crepitation
propel oneself through the water in a finning motion
a stabilizer on a ship that resembles the fin of a fish
organ of locomotion and balance in fishes and some other aquatic animals
show the fins above the water while swimming; "The sharks were finning near the surface" (同)break water
equip (a car) with fins

PrepTutorEJDIC

『割れ目』,ひび,きず;(戸・窓の)わずかの開き / 『パチッ,ピシッ,バン,ガチャッ』(物が壊れたり銃声などの音) / 強い一撃 / (声の)しゃがれ,うわずり;声変り / 《話》瞬間,一瞬 / 気のきいた言葉;皮肉;冗談 / 《話》(…の)機会,試み《+『at』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / …‘に'『ひびを入れる』 / …'を'パチッと割る,砕く / …'を'パチッ(ビシッ)と鳴らす / …'を'ピシャリと打つ / 〈声〉'を'かすれさせる,うわずらせる / 《話》〈家など〉‘に'押し入る;〈金庫など〉'を'破る / 《話》…'を'解く;〈暗号など〉'を'解読する / 《話》〈冗談など〉'を'とばす / 《話》〈酒びんなど〉'を'ポンとあけて飲む / 〈石油〉'を'分解蒸留する / 『割れる』,くだける;ひびがはいる / 『パチッ』(『ビシッ,バン,ガチャッ』)『と鳴る』 / 〈声が〉かすれる;うわずる / (疲労・苦痛などに)参る,屈する / 第一級の,優秀な / パチッと
罰金 / 〈人〉‘に'罰金を科する:
(物・事が)『りっぱな』,みごとな;けっこうな.満足できる / (人が)『優れた』,りっぱな / (天気が)『晴れた』,気持ちのよい / 《補語にのみ用いて》《話》『元気な』,健康な(well) / (人・衣服・態度などが)『洗練された』,いきな,上品な(refined) / (粒・きめなどの)細かい;細い(thin) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》微妙な(delicate) / 精巧な / (物が)混じりけのない,(金・銀などが)純度…の / (言葉が)華美な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《皮肉に》けっこうな,ごりっぱな / 細かく / 《話》りっぱに,うまく
パチパチと音をたてる / 《the ~》パチパチいう音 / 〈U〉(陶磁器の表面の)細かいひび模様;ひび焼き
(魚などの)ひれ / (形・働きが)ひれに似た物 / (飛行機の)垂直安定板 / 《話》手,腕
パチパチ音をたてること / (焼き豚の)かりかりする表皮

UpToDate Contents

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1. 呼吸細気管支炎関連間質性肺疾患 respiratory bronchiolitis associated interstitial lung disease
2. 甲状腺生検 thyroid biopsy
3. 脊髄麻酔：手技 spinal anesthesia technique
4. 縦隔における内視鏡的超音波ガイド下穿刺吸引 endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration in the mediastinum
5. Chronic complications and age-related comorbidities in people with hemophilia

English Journal

A woman with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and acute pancreatitis.

Bhat D, Naqshbandi SM, Dhand R, Sheikh N.AbstractSESSION TITLE: ILD Case Report Posters ISESSION TYPE: Case Report PosterPRESENTED ON: Sunday, March 23, 2014 at 01:15 PM - 02:15 PMINTRODUCTION: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM) is an extremely rare lung disease affecting Caucasian women of childbearing age. There are approximately 1300 known patients with LAM in North America. There has been only one previously reported case of LAM involving the pancreas1. Here we discuss an unusual case of acute pancreatitis in a LAM patient.
Chest.Chest.2014 Mar 1;145(3 Suppl):228A. doi: 10.1378/chest.1836377.
SESSION TITLE: ILD Case Report Posters ISESSION TYPE: Case Report PosterPRESENTED ON: Sunday, March 23, 2014 at 01:15 PM - 02:15 PMINTRODUCTION: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM) is an extremely rare lung disease affecting Caucasian women of childbearing age. There are approximately 1300 known patients
PMID 24638393

Traffic-related air pollution is related to interrupter resistance in 4-year-old children.

Eenhuizen E1, Gehring U, Wijga AH, Smit HA, Fischer PH, Brauer M, Koppelman GH, Kerkhof M, de Jongste JC, Brunekreef B, Hoek G.Author information 1Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.AbstractOutdoor air pollution has been associated with decrements in lung function and growth of lung function in school-age children. Lung function effects have not been examined in preschoolers, with the exception of one study on minute ventilation in newborns. Our goal was to assess the relationship between long- and short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and interrupter resistance in 4-year-old children. Lung function was measured using the interrupter resistance method in children participating in a Dutch birth cohort study. Long-term average air pollution concentrations of fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and soot at the residential address at birth were assessed using land-use regression models. Daily average air pollution concentrations on the day of clinical examination were obtained from the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network. Significant associations were found between long-term average air pollution concentrations and interrupter resistance. Interrupter resistance increased by 0.04 kPa·s·L(-1) (95% CI 0.01-0.07) per interquartile range increase (3.3 μg·m(-3)) in fine particle concentration. Short-term exposure was not associated with interrupter resistance. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution was associated with increased interrupter resistance in 4-year-old children, supporting previous birth cohort studies reporting effects of air pollution on subjectively reported respiratory symptoms in preschool children.
The European respiratory journal.Eur Respir J.2013 Jun;41(6):1257-63. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00020812. Epub 2012 Nov 8.
Outdoor air pollution has been associated with decrements in lung function and growth of lung function in school-age children. Lung function effects have not been examined in preschoolers, with the exception of one study on minute ventilation in newborns. Our goal was to assess the relationship betw
PMID 23143551

Burnt sugarcane harvesting: particulate matter exposure and the effects on lung function, oxidative stress, and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene.

Prado GF1, Zanetta DM, Arbex MA, Braga AL, Pereira LA, de Marchi MR, de Melo Loureiro AP, Marcourakis T, Sugauara LE, Gattás GJ, Gonçalves FT, Salge JM, Terra-Filho M, de Paula Santos U.Author information 1Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (Incor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. gustavo.prado@incor.usp.brAbstractNon-mechanised sugarcane harvesting preceded by burning exposes workers and the people of neighbouring towns to high concentrations of pollutants. This study was aimed to evaluate the respiratory symptoms, lung function and oxidative stress markers in sugarcane workers and the residents of Mendonça, an agricultural town in Brazil, during the non-harvesting and harvesting periods and to assess the population and individual exposures to fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)). Sugarcane workers and healthy volunteers were evaluated with two respiratory symptom questionnaires, spirometry, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels, and the measurement of antioxidant enzymes and plasma malonaldehyde during the non-harvesting and harvesting periods. The environmental assessment was determined from PM(2.5) concentration. PM(2.5) level increased from 8 μg/m³ during the non-harvesting period to 23.5 μg/m³ in the town and 61 μg/m³ on the plantations during the harvesting period. Wheezing, coughing, sneezing, and breathlessness increased significantly in both groups during the harvesting period, but more markedly in workers. A decrease in lung function and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed in both populations during harvesting; this decrease was greater among the sugarcane workers. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels only increased in the sugarcane workers during the harvesting period. The malonaldehyde levels were elevated in both groups, with a higher increase observed in the workers. This research demonstrates the exposure of sugarcane workers and the inhabitants of a neighbouring town to high PM(2.5) concentrations during the sugarcane harvest period. This exposure was higher among the sugarcane workers, as illustrated by both higher PM(2.5) concentrations in the sugarcane fields and higher urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in the volunteers in this group. The higher incidence of respiratory symptoms, greater decrease in lung function and more marked elevation of oxidative stress markers among the sugarcane workers during the harvest confirms the greater effect magnitude in this population and a dose-dependent relationship between pollution and the observed effects.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2012 Oct 15;437:200-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.069. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
Non-mechanised sugarcane harvesting preceded by burning exposes workers and the people of neighbouring towns to high concentrations of pollutants. This study was aimed to evaluate the respiratory symptoms, lung function and oxidative stress markers in sugarcane workers and the residents of Mendonça
PMID 22940481

Japanese Journal

Discrimination of Lung Sounds using a Statistics of Waveform Intervals

ORIHASHI Taketoshi,SHOUNO Hayaru,KIDO Shoji
情報処理学会研究報告. MPS, 数理モデル化と問題解決研究報告 2006(68), 1-4, 2006-06-26
… one is called coarse crackles, and the other is called fine crackles. … Thus, we construct a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for classifying a lung sound into three types, that is, coarse crackle, fine crackle and normal breath sound. …
NAID 110004849761

シクロスポリンAにより, 感染を契機とした急性増悪を回避できたと思われる特発性間質性肺炎の1症例

平井弥夫,黨雅子,黨康夫,小川忠平,大友守,鈴木直仁,佐野靖之,伊藤幸治
アレルギー 50(4), 399-406, 2001-04-30
症例は71歳女性.乾性咳嗽,労作時呼吸困難を主訴に当院受診.血液検査では,炎症所見とLDHの上昇がみられたが,抗核抗体,Jo-1抗体は陰性.胸部CTでは,胸膜直下域を主体とする非区域性の肺野濃度上昇と線状網状陰影がみられ,Gaシンチでは両肺に高度の取り込みがみられた.TBLBでは,胞隔の肥厚とリンパ球浸潤,腫大したII型肺胞上皮がみられた.以上より,特発性間質性肺炎と診断 (CT上,NSIPの可能 …
NAID 110002427034