WordNet

establish as valid or genuine; "Can you back up your claims?" (同)back_up
strengthen by providing with a back or backing
a support that you can lean against while sitting; "the back of the dental chair was adjustable" (同)backrest
(American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage
the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; "they pinned a `kick me sign on his back"
travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree"
the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned" (同)dorsum
the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; "he stood at the back of the stage"; "it was hidden in the rear of the store" (同)rear
(football) a person who plays in the backfield
in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking fondly backward" (同)backward
at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back"; "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward out the window of the car" (同)backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards
be behind; approve of; "He plumped for the Labor Party"; "I backed Kennedy in 1960" (同)endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support
located at or near the back of an animal; "back (or hind) legs"; "the hinder part of a carcass" (同)hind, hinder
be in back of; "My garage backs their yard"
cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot"
in or to or toward a former location; "she went back to her parents house"
in or to or toward an original condition; "he went back to sleep"
in repayment or retaliation; "we paid back everything we had borrowed"; "he hit me and I hit him back"; "I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher"
in reply; "he wrote back three days later"
of an earlier date; "back issues of the magazine"
related to or located at the back; "the back yard"; "the back entrance"
shift to a counterclockwise direction; "the wind backed"
support financial backing for; "back this enterprise"
unrefined in character; "low comedy"
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
do physical exercise; "She works out in the gym every day" (同)work_out
give a workout to; "Some parents exercise their infants"; "My personal trainer works me hard"; "work ones muscles"; "this puzzle will exercise your mind" (同)work, work_out
a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding; "you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook" (同)example
the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit; "the doctor recommended regular exercise"; "he did some exercising"; "the physical exertion required by his work kept him fit" (同)exercising, physical exercise, physical exertion, workout
systematic training by multiple repetitions; "practice makes perfect" (同)practice, drill, practice session, recitation
(usually plural) a ceremony that involves processions and speeches; "academic exercises"
the act of managing something; "he was given overall management of the program"; "is the direction of the economy a function of government?" (同)direction
those in charge of running a business

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人・動物の)『背』,『背中』,背部 / 《通例the~》(正面に対して)(…の)『後ろ』,『裏』,奥,後部《+『of』+『名』》 / 《通例the back》背に似たもの;(手足の)甲;(刀の)みね;(いす・本の)背 / 〈C〉〈U〉(フットボール・ホッケーなどの)後衛 / 《名詞の前にのみ用にて》『後ろの』,後部にある,裏の / 後もどりする,逆の / 遅れている,未払いの / (中心から)遠い,へんぴな,奥地の / (音声が)後舌音の / 『後方へ』,『後ろに』(backward) / (場所・状態が)『もとへ』,帰って,返して / (時間的に)『さかのぼって』,今から…前に(ago) / 〈車など〉'を'『後退させる』 / (…で)〈人・計画など〉'を'『後援する』,支持する(support)《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / (競馬で)…に賭ける / (…で)…‘の'伴奏をする《+『名』+『by』+『名』》 / …‘の'裏手にある,背景をなす / 〈手形など〉‘に'裏書きする(endorse) / 《しばしば受動態で》〈本〉‘に'背をつける,(…で)…'を'裏打ちする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 後ずさりする,後退する(move backward)
(高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
(牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く
〈U〉(身体の)『運動』;〈C〉体操 / 〈C〉(…の)『練習』,けいこ;練習問題《+『in』(『for』,『on』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉《the~》(精神力・能力などを)『働かせること』,(権力などの)行使《+『of』+『名』》 / 《しばしば複数形で》(軍の)演習;《米》式,式典 / 〈C〉礼拝,勤行 / 〈手足など,体の器官〉‘を'『働かせる』,動かす,訓練する / 〈人〉‘に'(…の)『訓練をさらる』,(…で)〈人〉‘を'鍛練する《+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈精神力・能力など〉‘を'『働かせる』,〈権力など〉‘を'行使する / 《文》《受動態で》(…について)〈人〉‘を'悩ます,心配させる《+『名』〈人〉+『about』(『over』)+『名』》 / 練習する;運動する
《時間・距離》『…の間』 / 《利益・貢献》『…のために』 / 《適応・用途》『…向きの(に);』…用の(に);…のための(に) / 《目的・意向》『…のために,』に / 《敬意・記念》『…のために;』…を記念して / 《獲得・追求》『…を得るために』,を求めて / 《行く先・方向》『…あてに;』…[方面]行きの,に向けて / 《交換・報償など》『…に対して』;…と引き換えに;…のお返しに / 《原因・理由》『…のために』,なので / 《代理・代表》『…の代わりに;』…を代表して / 《形容詞の後に用いて》『…にとって,』には / 《比較級の後に用いて》『…の結果として,』…のために / 《対比》『…としては,』のわりには / 《関連》『…について,』の点では / 《資格・属性》『…として』 / 《賛成・支持》…『に賛成して』,を支持して / 《傾向・好み》…『に対する』,には / 《模倣》《おもに米》《英文》…の名を取って(after) / 《割合》…に対して / 《『for』+『名』〈人〉+『to』 doの形で,〈人〉が不定詞to doの意味上の主語を表して》…が(…することは,…するために) / […というのは]…だから
〈U〉(…の)『管理』,運営《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(人の)上手な取り扱い,操縦術《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉《the~》《集合的に》経営者側

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 腰痛の運動療法 exercise based therapy for low back pain
2. 職業性腰痛：治療 occupational low back pain treatment
3. 亜急性および慢性腰痛：薬物治療と非侵襲的治療 subacute and chronic low back pain pharmacologic and noninterventional treatment
4. 急性腰痛の治療 treatment of acute low back pain
5. 亜急性および慢性腰痛：外科治療 subacute and chronic low back pain surgical treatment

English Journal

Evaluation of a rolling rehabilitation programme for patients with non-specific low back pain in primary care: an observational cohort study.

Arden K1, Fatoye F2, Yeowell G2.
Journal of evaluation in clinical practice.J Eval Clin Pract.2016 Jul 19. doi: 10.1111/jep.12595. [Epub ahead of print]
AIM: The Back Rehabilitation Programme (BRP) is a group exercise programme for patients with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) that combines cognitive behavioural therapy principles and therapeutic exercise to empower patients to self-manage their condition. Poor attendance and high attrition rates
PMID 27436337

PREPARE: Pre-surgery physiotherapy for patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorder: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Lindbäck Y1, Tropp H2, Enthoven P1, Abbott A1,3, Öberg B4.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders.BMC Musculoskelet Disord.2016 Jul 11;17(1):270. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1126-4.
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the management of patients with specific low back pain pathology suggest non-surgical intervention as first-line treatment, but there is insufficient evidence to make recommendations of the content in the non-surgical intervention. Opinions regarding the dose of no
PMID 27400960

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of oxycodone and naltrexone for the treatment of chronic lower back pain.

Davis MP1,2.
Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology.Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol.2016 Jul;12(7):823-31. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2016.1191469. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common and difficult illness to manage. Some individuals with CLBP have pain processing disorders and are also at risk for opioid abuse, misuse; addiction and diversion. Guidelines have been published to guide management; neuromodulation, exercise, min
PMID 27253690

Japanese Journal

慢性腰痛症に対する運動療法と効果 (シンポジウム慢性腰痛症の保存的治療)

酒井義人
臨床整形外科 45(1), 35-40, 2010-01
NAID 40016965199

Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise and Balneotherapy: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Based on Randomized Controlled Trials of Water Immersion Therapies

Kamioka Hiroharu,Tsutani Kiichiro,Okuizumi Hiroyasu,Mutoh Yoshiteru,Ohta Miho,Handa Shuichi,Okada Shinpei,Kitayuguchi Jun,Kamada Masamitsu,Shiozawa Nobuyoshi,Honda Takuya
Journal of Epidemiology advpub(0), 0910270113, 2010
… Background: The objective of this review was to summarize findings on aquatic exercise and balneotherapy and to assess the quality of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials.Methods: Studies were eligible if they were systematic reviews based on randomized clinical trials (with or without a meta-analysis) that included at least 1 treatment group that received aquatic exercise or balneotherapy. …
NAID 130000129526