complete blood count

同

CBC

WordNet

1. name or recite the numbers in ascending order; "The toddler could count to 100"
2. the total number counted; "a blood count"
3. the act of counting; reciting numbers in ascending order; "the counting continued for several hours" (同)counting, numeration, enumeration, reckoning, tally
4. a nobleman (in various countries) having rank equal to a British earl
5. have faith or confidence in; "you can count on me to help you any time"; "Look to your friends for support"; "You can bet on that!"; "Depend on your family in times of crisis" (同)bet, depend, look, calculate, reckon
6. have weight; have import, carry weight; "It does not matter much" (同)matter, weigh
7. put into a group; "The academy counts several Nobel Prize winners among its members" (同)number
8. determine the number or amount of; "Can you count the books on your shelf?"; "Count your change" (同)number, enumerate, numerate
9. have a certain value or carry a certain weight; "each answer counts as three points"
10. include as if by counting; "I can count my colleagues in the opposition"
11. having every necessary or normal part or component or step; "a complete meal"; "a complete wardrobe"; "a complete set of the Britannica"; "a complete set of china"; "a complete defeat"; "a complete accounting"
12. having come or been brought to a conclusion; "the harvesting was complete"; "the affair is over, ended, finished"; "the abruptly terminated interview" (同)concluded, ended, over, all_over, terminated
13. perfect and complete in every respect; having all necessary qualities; "a complete gentleman"; "consummate happiness"; "a consummate performance" (同)consummate
14. write all the required information onto a form; "fill out this questionnaire, please!"; "make out a form" (同)fill out, fill_in, make_out
15. come or bring to a finish or an end; "He finished the dishes"; "She completed the requirements for her Masters Degree"; "The fastest runner finished the race in just over 2 hours; others finished in over 4 hours" (同)finish
16. complete a pass (同)nail
17. bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements; "A child would complete the family"
18. smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
19. temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
20. people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
21. the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
22. caught; "a completed forward pass"
23. (of a marriage) completed by the first act of sexual intercourse after the ceremony

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. Canadian Broadcasting Corporationカナダ放送協会
2. (一つ一つ順に)〈数〉'を'『数える』,〈物〉'を'数え上げる《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / …'を'『勘定に入れる』,含める(include) / …'を'『思う』,みなす(consider) / 数を数える,計算する《+『up』》 / 数にはいる,数に含まれる / 価値がある,重大である / 〈C〉〈U〉『数えること』,『計算』 / 〈U〉総数,総計 / 〈U〉(起訴状の)訴因 / 《the~》(ボクシングで)カウント(選手がノックダウンされたときレフリーが1から10まで数えること) / 〈C〉(野救で打者の)ボールカウント / 〈U〉《話》考慮,注目(account)
3. (英国以外の)伯爵
4. (比較変化なし)『全部の』,完備した / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『完全な』,全くの / (比較変化なし)『完成した』,完結した / …'を'『仕上げる』,終える / …'を'完全なものにする,完成する
5. 『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
6. 純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/17 06:07:41」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Blood count" redirects here. For the Billy Strayhorn composition, see Blood Count.

Complete Blood Count
Diagnostics
Schematics (also called "Fishbones") of shorthand for complete blood count commonly used by clinicians. The shorthand on the right is used more often in the US. Hgb=Hemoglobin, WBC=White blood cells, Plt=Platelets, Hct=Hematocrit.
MeSH	D001772
MedlinePlus	003642
eMedicine	94020
Reference range	Hgb: 120–175 g/L; WBC: 3.5–11 × 109/L; Plt: 140–450 × 109/L; Hct: 31–53%
LOINC	Codes for CBC, e.g., 57021-8
HCPCS-L2	G0306

A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals. A scientist or lab technician performs the requested testing and provides the requesting medical professional with the results of the CBC.

Blood counts of various types have been used for clinical purposes since the 19th century. Automated equipment to carry out complete blood counts was developed in the 1950s and 1960s.

The cells that circulate in the bloodstream are generally divided into three types: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Abnormally high or low counts may indicate the presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are amongst the most commonly performed blood tests in medicine, as they can provide an overview of a patient's general health status. A CBC is routinely performed during annual physical examinations in some jurisdictions.

Medical uses

Complete blood counts are done to monitor overall health, to screen for some diseases, to confirm a diagnosis of some medical conditions, to monitor a medical condition, and to monitor changes in the body caused by medical treatments.

For patients who need blood transfusion, a blood count may be used to get data which would help plan an amount of treatment. In such cases, the person should have only one blood count for the day, and the transfusion of red blood cells or platelets should be planned based on that. Multiple blood draws and counts throughout the day are an excessive use of phlebotomy and can lead to unnecessary additional transfusions, and the extra unnecessary treatment would be outside of medical guidelines.

Procedure

Play media

CBC being performed in a hospital using an Abbott Cell-Dyn 1700 automatic analyzer.

A phlebotomist collects the sample through venipuncture, drawing the blood into a test tube containing an anticoagulant (EDTA, sometimes citrate) to stop it from clotting. The sample is then transported to a laboratory. Sometimes the sample is drawn off a finger prick using a Pasteur pipette for immediate processing by an automated counter.

In the past, counting the cells in a patient's blood was performed manually, by viewing a slide prepared with a sample of the patient's blood (a blood film, or peripheral smear) under a microscope. Presently, this process is generally automated by use of an automated analyzer, with only approximately 10–20% of samples now being examined manually.

Automated blood count

Complete blood count performed by an automated analyser. Differentials not seen here.

Most blood counts today include a CBC count and leukocyte differential count (LDC) (that is, not just the total WBC count but also the count of each WBC type, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). In addition, modern analyzers provide much more in addition.

The blood is well mixed (though not shaken) and placed on a rack in the analyzer. This instrument has flow cells, photometers and apertures that analyze different elements in the blood. The cell counting component counts the numbers and types of different cells within the blood. The results are printed out or sent to a computer for review.

Blood counting machines aspirate a very small amount of the specimen through narrow tubing followed by an aperture and a laser flow cell. Laser eye sensors count the number of cells passing through the aperature, and can identify them; this is flow cytometry. The two main sensors used are light detectors and electrical impedance. The instrument measures the type of blood cell by analyzing data about the size and aspects of light as they pass through the cells (called front and side scatter). Other instruments measure different characteristics of the cells to categorize them.

Because an automated cell counter samples and counts so many cells, the results are very precise. However, certain abnormal cells in the blood may not be identified correctly, requiring manual review of the instrument's results and identification of any abnormal cells the instrument could not categorize.

In addition to counting, measuring and analyzing red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, automated hematology analyzers also measure the amount of hemoglobin in the blood and within each red blood cell. This is done by adding a diluent that lyses the cells which is then pumped into a spectro-photometric measuring cuvette. The change in color of the lysate equates to the hemoglobin content of the blood. This information can be very helpful to a physician who, for example, is trying to identify the cause of a patient's anemia. If the red cells are smaller or larger than normal, or if there is a lot of variation in the size of the red cells, this data can help guide the direction of further testing and expedite the diagnostic process so patients can get the treatment they need quickly.

Manual blood count

Manual blood counts use a light microscope, usually with a specialized microscope slide, which is called a hemocytometer.

This shows the view through the microscope of the specialized hemocytometer slide. The built-in grid simplifies counting cells by helping the technician keep track of which cells have already been counted.

Hemocytometers (counting chambers that hold a specified volume of diluted blood and divide it with grid lines) are used to calculate the number of red and white cells per litre of blood. (The dilution and grid lines are needed because there are far too many cells without those aids.)

To identify the numbers of different white cells, a blood film is made, and a large number of white blood cells (at least 100) are counted. This gives the percentage of cells that are of each type. By multiplying the percentage with the total number of white blood cells, the absolute number of each type of white cell can be obtained.

Manual counting is useful in cases where automated analyzers cannot reliably count abnormal cells, such as those cells that are not present in normal patients and are only seen in peripheral blood with certain haematological conditions. Manual counting is subject to sampling error because so few cells are counted compared with automated analysis. A manual count will also give information about other cells that are not normally present in peripheral blood, but may be released in certain disease processes.

Medical technologists examine blood film via a microscope for some CBCs, not only to find abnormal white cells, but also because variation in the shape of red cells is an important diagnostic tool. Although automated analysers give fast, reliable results regarding the number, average size, and variation in size of red blood cells, they do not detect cells' shapes. Also, some normal patients' platelets will clump in EDTA anticoagulated blood, which causes automatic analyses to give a falsely low platelet count. The person viewing the slide in these cases will see clumps of platelets and can estimate if there are low, normal, or high numbers of platelets.

Included tests

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of normal circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several knobby white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets.

A complete blood count will normally include:

White cells

• Total white blood cells are reported, and a differential reports all the white cell types as a percentage and as an absolute number per litre. A high WBC may indicate an infection.
  • Neutrophil granulocytes: May indicate bacterial infection. May also be raised in acute viral infections. Because of the segmented appearance of the nucleus, neutrophils are sometimes referred to as "segs". The nucleus of less mature neutrophils is not segmented, but has a band or rod-like shape. Less mature neutrophils—those that have recently been released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream—are known as "bands" or "stabs". Stab is a German term for rod.
  • Lymphocytes: Higher with some viral infections such as glandular fever. Raised in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Can be decreased by HIV infection. In adults, lymphocytes are the second most common WBC type after neutrophils. In young children under age 8, lymphocytes are more common than neutrophils.
  • Monocytes: May be raised in bacterial infection, tuberculosis, malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, monocytic leukemia, chronic ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis
  • Eosinophil granulocytes: Increased in parasitic infections, asthma, or allergic reaction.
  • Basophil granulocytes: May be increased in bone marrow related conditions such as leukemia or lymphoma.

Red cells

• Total red blood cells: The number of red cells is given as an absolute number per litre. Iron deficiency Anemia shows up as a Low RBC count.
  • LOINC codes for Whole Blood RBC Counting

Hemoglobin

• Hemoglobin: The amount of hemoglobin in the blood, expressed in grams per decilitre. A low level of Hemoglobin is a sign of anemia.
  • LOINC codes for this test(Note: not all the codes in the search result are suitable for this test.)

Hematocrit

• Hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV): This is the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells.
• Red blood cell indices

MCV

• Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): the average volume of the red cells, measured in femtolitres. Anemia is classified as microcytic or macrocytic if the MCV value is above or below the expected normal range; anemias are classified as normocytic if the MCV is within the expected range. Other conditions that can affect MCV include thalassemia, reticulocytosis, alcoholism, chemotherapy, Vitamin B12 deficiency, and/or Folic acid deficiency.

MCH

• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell, in picograms.

MCHC

• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): the average concentration of hemoglobin in the cells.

RDW

• Red blood cell distribution width (RDW): the variation in cellular volume of the RBC population.

Platelets

• Platelet numbers are given, as well as information about their size and the range of sizes in the blood.
• Mean platelet volume (MPV): a measurement of the average size of platelets.

Results

An example report format for a complete blood count. Note that test names, measurement units and reference ranges may vary between countries and laboratories. Patient results should always be interpreted using the units and reference ranges from the laboratory that produced the results.

Example of reference ranges for blood tests of white blood cells.

Interpretation

Certain disease states are defined by an absolute increase or decrease in the number of a particular type of cell in the bloodstream. For example:

Type of Cell	Increase	Decrease
Red Blood Cells (RBC)	erythrocytosis or polycythemia	anemia or erythroblastopenia
White Blood Cells (WBC):	leukocytosis	leukopenia
– lymphocytes	– lymphocytosis	– lymphocytopenia
– granulocytes:	– granulocytosis	– granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis
– –neutrophils	– –neutrophilia	– –neutropenia
– –eosinophils	– –eosinophilia	– –eosinopenia
– –basophils	– –basophilia	– –basopenia
Platelets	thrombocytosis	thrombocytopenia
All cell lines	–	pancytopenia

Many disease states are heralded by changes in the blood count:

• Leukocytosis can be a sign of infection
• Thrombocytopenia can result from drug toxicity
• Pancytopenia is generally referred to as the result of decreased production from the bone marrow, and is a common complication of cancer chemotherapy

References

Using Wikipedia for research

External links

• Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens—Free online book at NCBI Bookshelf ID: NBK2261
• Complete Blood Count—Lab Tests Online

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Leg length is associated with lower values of inflammatory markers in older Chinese: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.

• Sun Y1, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Zhang WS, Leung GM, Lam TH, Schooling CM.
• Annals of human biology.Ann Hum Biol.2015 Mar;42(2):143-9. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2014.932009. Epub 2014 Jul 10.
• Abstract Background: In developed western populations, longer legs are a biomarker of better childhood conditions and negatively associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. These associations are less obvious in non-western settings. However, early life is also a key immune system developme
• PMID 25007857

• Once-daily, oral levofloxacin monotherapy for low-risk neutropenic fever in cancer patients: a pilot study in China.

• He L1, Zhou C, Zhao S, Weng H, Yang G.
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• Macrothrombocytopenia in north India: role of automated platelet data in the detection of an under diagnosed entity.

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• Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus.2015 Mar;31(1):61-7. doi: 10.1007/s12288-014-0367-3. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
• Congenital macrothrombocytopenia is being increasingly recognised because of the increasing availability of automated platelet counts during routine complete blood count. If not recognised, these patients may be unnecessarily investigated or treated. The study was done to assess the occurrence of ma
• PMID 25548447

Japanese Journal

• ペメトレキセドを含まない化学療法により完全奏効が得られた上皮型悪性胸膜中皮腫の1例

• 田村 邦宣,大搗 泰一郎,柴田 英輔,金村 晋吾,安光 亮洋,塚本 吉胤,小牟田 清,田端 千春,福岡 和也,中野 孝司
• 気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 34(3), 228-233, 2012-05-25
• 背景.悪性胸膜中皮腫は治療に抵抗する予後不良の腫瘍である.非切除例の生存期間は10〜12か月であり,化学療法で完全奏効(CR)が得られることは稀である.症例. 74歳女性,主訴は右胸部痛,アスベスト曝露歴がある.胸部圧迫感を自覚し近医を受診,右胸水貯留の指摘を受け来院した.胸水細胞診では癌胎児性抗原(CEA)染色陰性,カルレチニン染色陽性の悪性細胞が認められ,悪性胸膜中皮腫が強く疑われた.局所麻酔 …
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• Significance of the Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Index in Patients with Atherosclerotic Diseases

• Yonezawa Kenji,Morimoto Natsumi,Matsui Keiji,Tenjin Takako,Yoneda Masako,Emoto Takuo,Sawada Takahiro,Nomura Tetsuhiko,Okamoto Hiroshi,Takarada Akira,Ikeda Hisataka,Ito Mitsuhiro
• The Kobe journal of the medical sciences 58(5), 128-137, 2012-00-00
• … The pattern of changes in the neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in various atherosclerotic conditions was analyzed by assessing the mean myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), which is calculated during the routine complete blood count (CBC) performed using the flow-cytochemistry blood autoanalyzer ADVIA120/2120 (Siemens), and plasma MPO concentrations. …
• NAID 110009595295

• <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Infection in Two Dogs that Emigrated from Endemic Areas

• BABA Kenji,ITAMOTO Kazuhito,AMIMOTO Akiteru [他],KITAGAWA Kozue,HIRAOKA Hiroko,MIZUNO Takuya,SATO Hiroshi,OKUDA Masaru
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74(6), 775-778, 2012
• … Case 2 had a history of bilateral epistaxis, and severe pancytopenia was noticed in complete blood count. …
• NAID 130002090067

Related Links

• Complete blood countとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other

• complete blood count - definition of complete blood count by ...

complete blood count n. Abbr. CBC A combination of totals from the red blood cell count, white blood cell count, erythrocyte indices, hematocrit, and differential blood count. Also called blood profile. Complete blood count (CBC) A ...

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リンク元	「blood cell count」「blood cell number」「全血球計算値」「全血球数」「CBC」
関連記事	「complete」「count」「blood count」「blood」

「blood cell count」

　　[★]

• 血球数

関

blood cell number、blood count、complete blood count

「blood cell number」

　　[★]

• 血球数

関

blood cell count、blood count、complete blood count

「全血球計算値」

　　[★]

英

complete blood count, CBC

同

血球数, 全血球数

関

血液

「全血球数」

　　[★]

英

complete blood count、full blood count

関

全血球計算値

「CBC」

　　[★]

• complete blood counting complete blood count

　

「complete」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 完全な、徹底的な、完了する、完成する、終了する

関

completely、completion、drastic、drastically、end、entirely、execution、exhaustive、exhaustively、finish、fulfillment、full、fully、in depth、integral、perfect、perfectly、radically、terminate、termination、thorough、thoroughly

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「count」

　　[★]

• n.

• 数、数値

• v.

• 数える、カウントする

関

number、numeral

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「blood count」

　　[★]

• 血球数、血算

関

blood cell count、blood cell number

「blood」

　　[★] 血液