WordNet

to be expected; standard; "common decency"
common to or shared by two or more parties; "a common friend"; "the mutual interests of management and labor" (同)mutual
of or associated with the great masses of people; "the common people in those days suffered greatly"; "behavior that branded him as common"; "his square plebeian nose"; "a vulgar and objectionable person"; "the unwashed masses" (同)plebeian, vulgar, unwashed
commonly encountered; "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting" (同)usual
being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; "common parlance"; "a vernacular term"; "vernacular speakers"; "the vulgar tongue of the masses"; "the technical and vulgar names for an animal species" (同)vernacular, vulgar
belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public; "for the common good"; "common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community"
having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"
closure or blockage (as of a blood vessel)
(dentistry) the normal spatial relation of the teeth when the jaws are closed
a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body (同)arteria, arterial blood vessel
a pasture subject to common use (同)common_land
of or relating to either of the two major arteries supplying blood to the head and neck

PrepTutorEJDIC

(二つ以上のものに)『共通の』,共同の,共有の / 『一般の』,公共の,公衆の / 『普通の』,ありふれた / 慢凡な,並みの / 品のない,粗野な,野卑な(vulgar) / (数式で)共通の,公約の通約の・ (文法で)通性の,通格の(男性・女性どちらの格も用いることができる) ・〈C〉《時に複数形で》共有地,公有地,共有牧草;(市町村の)公園・〈U〉共有権
動脈 / (道路・水路・鉄道などの)勘線,(通信の)主チャンネル
《古》平民,庶民 / 《the C-》《英》下院(the House of Commons);《集合的に》下院議員 / (大学の大食堂での)共同食事 / 《単数扱い》(特に大学の)大食堂
頚(けい)動脈 / 頚動脈の

UpToDate Contents

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1. 頚動脈狭窄の評価 evaluation of carotid artery stenosis
2. 頚動脈内膜剥離術 carotid endarterectomy
3. 脳卒中サブタイプの臨床診断 clinical diagnosis of stroke subtypes
4. 虚血性脳卒中および一過性脳虚血発作の特定の原因に対する二次予防 secondary prevention for specific causes of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack
5. 頸動脈硬化の症状の病態生理 pathophysiology of symptoms from carotid atherosclerosis

English Journal

Lithium chloride administration prevents spatial learning and memory impairment in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice by depressing apoptosis and increasing BDNF expression in hippocampus.

Fan M1, Jin W2, Zhao H3, Xiao Y1, Jia Y2, Yin Y4, Jiang X2, Xu J2, Meng N2, Lv P5.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2015 Sep 15;291:399-406. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.047. Epub 2015 May 29.
Lithium has been reported to have neuroprotective effects, but the preventive and treated role on cognition impairment and the underlying mechanisms have not been determined. In the present study, C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to repeated bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce the learnin
PMID 26031381

Interaction between hypertension and cerebral hypoperfusion in the development of cognitive dysfunction and white matter pathology in rats.

Choi JY1, Cui Y2, Kim BG3.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Sep 10;303:115-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.056. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment. However, influence of hypertension on the development of ischemic white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction is not fully understood. We compared cognitive functions and neuropathological outcomes of ch
PMID 26143013

Lipoxin A4 methyl ester alleviates vascular cognition impairment by regulating the expression of proteins related to autophagy and ER stress in the rat hippocampus.

Jia Y, Jin W, Xiao Y, Dong Y, Wang T, Fan M, Xu J, Meng N, Li L, Lv P.
Cellular & molecular biology letters.Cell Mol Biol Lett.2015 Sep 1;20(3):475-87. doi: 10.1515/cmble-2015-0027.
Since autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanisms are involved in some neurodegenerative and cerebral vascular diseases, we suspected that similar mechanisms might participate in vascular cognitive impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Lipoxin A4 methyl ester (LXA4 ME) is
PMID 26208392

Japanese Journal

"Isolated Carotid Bifurcation" and Vertebral-Carotid Artery Bypass for Common Carotid Artery Occlusion -Case Report-

KAZUMATA Ken,ASAOKA Katsuyuki,YOKOYAMA Yuka,SUGIYAMA Taku,KANEKO Sadahiro,ITAMOTO Kouji
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 53(3), 179-182, 2013-03-15
NAID 10031138798

"Isolated Carotid Bifurcation" and Vertebral-Carotid Artery Bypass for Common Carotid Artery Occlusion:—Case Report—

KAZUMATA Ken,ASAOKA Katsuyuki,YOKOYAMA Yuka,SUGIYAMA Taku,KANEKO Sadahiro,ITAMOTO Kouji
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 53(3), 179-182, 2013
… Symptomatic common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion is relatively rare, and requires an elaborate vascular reconstruction procedure with which many neurosurgeons are unfamiliar. … We describe a case of CCA occlusion managed by vertebral artery (VA)-internal carotid artery (ICA) saphenous vein interposition graft. …
NAID 130003364225

External Carotid Artery Stenting and Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis for Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion With External Carotid Artery Severe Stenosis -Case Report-

OKU Takayuki,NOGAMI Kenichiro,KOIZUMI Hiroyasu,ISHIHARA Hideyuki,KATO Shoichi,FUJISAWA Hirosuke,SUZUKI Michiyasu
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 52(12), 906-909, 2012-12-15
… Superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis may have inadequate effects in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and severe stenosis of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA), because poor blood flow in the STA leads to insufficient flow to the MCA. …
NAID 10031131535