WordNet

increase in price or value; "the news caused a general advance on the stock market" (同)rise
an amount paid before it is earned (同)cash advance
rise in rate or price; "The stock market gained 24 points today" (同)gain
pay in advance; "Can you advance me some money?"
situated ahead or going before; "an advance party"; "at that time the most advanced outpost was still east of the Rockies" (同)advanced, in advance
being ahead of time or need; "gave advance warning"; "was beforehand with her report" (同)beforehand
cause to move forward; "Can you move the car seat forward?" (同)bring forward
move forward, also in the metaphorical sense; "Time marches on" (同)progress, pass_on, move on, march on, go_on
move forward; "we have to advance clocks and watches when we travel eastward" (同)set ahead
bring forward for consideration or acceptance; "advance an argument" (同)throw out
develop further; "We are advancing technology every day"
farther along in physical or mental development; "the childs skeletal age was classified as `advanced"; "children in the advanced classes in elementary school read far above grade average"
ahead of the times; "the advanced teaching methods"; "had advanced views on the subject"; "a forward-looking corporation"; "is British industry innovative enough?" (同)forward-looking, innovative, modern
far along in time; "a man of advanced age"; "advanced in years"; "a ripe old age"; "the ripe age of 90" (同)ripe
ahead in development; complex or intricate; "advanced technology"; "a sophisticated electronic control system" (同)sophisticated
(of societies) highly developed especially in technology or industry; "advanced societies"; "an advanced country technologically"
at a higher level in training or knowledge or skill; "an advanced degree"; "an advanced text in physics"; "special seminars for small groups of advanced students at the University"
comparatively late in a course of development; "the illness had reached an advanced stage"; "an advanced state of exhaustion"
arrange in phases or stages; "phase a withdrawal"
(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; "the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system" (同)form
a particular point in the time of a cycle; measured from some arbitrary zero and expressed as an angle (同)phase_angle
any distinct time period in a sequence of events; "we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected" (同)stage
adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition; "he phased the intake with the output of the machine"
(astronomy) the particular appearance of a bodys state of illumination (especially one of the recurring shapes of the part of Earths moon that is illuminated by the sun); "the full phase of the moon"
be able to accommodate for sleeping; "This tent sleeps six people"
be asleep (同)kip, slumber, log Z''s, catch some Z''s
a period of time spent sleeping; "he felt better after a little sleep"; "there wasnt time for a nap" (同)nap
a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; "he didnt get enough sleep last night"; "calm as a child in dreamless slumber" (同)slumber
a torpid state resembling deep sleep (同)sopor
a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"

PrepTutorEJDIC

…'を'『前進させる』,前に出す / 〈事〉'を'『進める』,促進する / (ある階級・地位などに)〈人〉'を'昇進させる《+『名』〈人〉+『to』+『名』》 / 《『advance』+『名』〈人〉+『名』〈金〉=『advance』+『名』〈金〉+『to』+『名』〈人〉》〈人〉‘に'〈金〉'を'前払いする,融資する / 〈時間・期日〉'を'早める;〈時計〉‘の'時間を早める / (…に向かって)『前進する』,進む《+『on』(『upon, toward』)+『名』》 / (…に)昇進する《+『to』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈事が〉進歩する,はかどる / 〈時が〉進む / 〈値段・価値が〉上がる / 〈U〉〈C〉『進むこと』,前進 / 〈U〉(…の)流れ,進行《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)進歩,発達《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…への)昇進,出世《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)前払い,前払い金《+『on』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》(人に)言い寄ること,取り入ること《+『to』+『名』》 / 前進している / 前もっての
進出した,前進した / 進歩した / 上級の,高等の / (時が)進んだ,進行した
(変化・発達の)『段階』,『局面』 / (物事の)『面』,様相《+『of』+『名』》 / (月・惑星などの)相 / …‘を'段階的に調整(整理)する
〈U〉『眠り』,『睡眠』[『状態』] / 〈C〉《a sleep》一眠り[の時間] / 〈U〉永眠,死 / 〈U〉(一時的な手足などの)無感覚,しびれ;冬眠(hibernation) / 〈U〉目やに / 『眠る』 / 『文眠なる』,(死んで)葬られている / 〈人〉‘を'泊める[設備がある] / 《a+形容詞+sleepを目的語にして》…‘を'眠る
(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/27 11:39:01」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD), also known as the advanced sleep-phase type (ASPT) of circadian rhythm sleep disorder or advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS), is a condition in which patients feel very sleepy and go to bed early in the evening (e.g. 6:00–8:00 p.m.) and wake up very early in the morning (e.g. around 3:00 a.m.).

Symptoms

People with ASPD are unable to stay awake until their desired bedtime and unable to stay asleep until their desired waking time. They will complain to a sleep clinician of early morning insomnia and falling asleep early in the evening. When someone has advanced sleep phase disorder their melatonin levels and core body temperature will cycle hours earlier than an average person.^[1] These symptoms must be present for at least three months in order to be correctly diagnosed.

Epidemiology

ASPD is a rare disorder. It affects both men and women equally and has been determined to have a strong genetic link with 40–50% of people related to someone with ASPD having it themselves. As stated below, several genes have been discovered to have links with this syndrome and the body's circadian rhythms. Although it can be impairing, the syndrome is not necessarily unhealthy; most people don't seek help unless it starts to severely impact their social life.

Treatment

Once diagnosed, ASPD can be treated with bright light therapy in the evenings or behaviorally with chronotherapy. Unlike other sleep disorders, ASPD does not disrupt normal functioning at work during the day and the patient does not complain of excessive daytime sleepiness. If their ASPD is causing people to lose out on evening activities, including putting their own normal children to bed, they may be able to force themselves to stay up later than their circadian rhythm requires. A sufferer of ASPD will still wake up very early and if this cycle continues it can lead to chronic sleep deprivation and other sleep disorders.^[2]

Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome

In 1999, Louis Ptáček's and Ying-Hui Fu's research group at the University of California, San Francisco reported findings of a human circadian rhythm disorder showing a familial tendency. The disorder was characterized by a lifelong pattern of sleep onset around 7:30 p.m. and offset around 4:30 a.m. Among three lineages, 29 people were identified as affected with this familial advanced sleep-phase disorder (FASPD), and 46 were considered unaffected. The pedigrees demonstrated FASPD to be a highly penetrant, autosomal dominant trait.^[3]

Two years after reporting the finding of FASPD, Ptáček's and Fu's groups published results of genetic sequencing analysis on a family with FASPD. They genetically mapped the FASPD locus to chromosome 2q where very little human genome sequence was then available. Thus, they identified and sequenced all the genes in the critical interval. One of these was Period2 (Per2). Sequencing of the hPer2 gene revealed a serine-to-glycine point mutation in the CKI binding domain of the hPER2 protein that resulted in hypophosphorylation of Per2 in vitro.^[4]

In 2005, Fu's and Ptáček's labs reported discovery of a different mutation causing FASPD. This time, CKIδ was implicated, demonstrating an A-to-G missense mutation that resulted in a threonine-to-alanine alteration in the protein.^[5] The evidence for both of these reported causes of FASPD is strengthened by the absence of said mutations in all tested control subjects and by demonstration of functional consequences of the respective mutations in vitro. Fruit flies and mice engineered to carry the human mutation also demonstrated abnormal circadian phenotypes although the mutant flies had a long circadian period while the mutant mice had a shorter period.^[4]^[5] The differences between flies and mammals that account for this difference are not known. Most recently, Ptáček and Fu reported additional studies of the human Per2 S662G mutation and generation of mice carrying the human mutation. These mice had a circadian period almost 2 hours shorter than wild-type animals. Genetic dosage studies of CKIδ on the Per2 S662G mutation revealed that CKIδ is having opposite effects on Per2 levels depending on the sites on Per2 that CKIδ is phosphorylating.^[6]

References

^ http://www.sleepdex.org/fasps.htm
^ ADVANCED SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME http://www.stanford.edu/~dement/advanced.html
^ Jones, Christopher R.; Scott S. Campbell; Stephanie E. Zone; et al. (September 1999). "Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome: A short-period circadian rhythm variant in humans". Nature Medicine 5 (9): 1062–1065. doi:10.1038/12502. PMID 10470086. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Toh, Kong L.; Christopher R. Jones; Yan He; et al. (9 February 2001). "An hPer2 phosphorylation site mutation in familial advanced sleep phase syndrome". Science 291 (5506): 1040–1043. doi:10.1126/science.1057499. PMID 11232563. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Xu, Ying; Quasar S. Padiath; Robert E. Shapiro; et al. (31 March 2005). "Functional consequences of a CKIδ mutation causing familial advanced sleep phase syndrome". Nature 434 (7033): 640–644. doi:10.1038/nature03453. PMID 15800623. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
^ Xu, Ying; Kong L. Toh; Christopher R. Jones; et al. (12 January 2007). "Modeling of a human circadian mutation yields insights into clock regulation by PER2". Cell 128 (1): 59–70. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.043. PMC 1828903. PMID 17218255.

External links

Circadian Sleep Disorders Organization
Louis Ptacek
Ptacek and Fu labs at UCSF

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Severe mood dysregulation: In the "light" of circadian functioning.

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Japanese Journal

概日リズム睡眠障害--睡眠相後退症候群,睡眠相前進症候群 (臨床睡眠学--睡眠障害の基礎と臨床) -- (臨床各論概日リズム睡眠障害群)

亀井雄一
日本臨床 66(-) (933), 320-324, 2008-04
NAID 40015980335

Circadian Rhythms in the CNS and Peripheral Clock Disorders : Human Sleep Disorders and Clock Genes

EBISAWA Takashi
Journal of pharmacological sciences 103(2), 150-154, 2007-02-20
… Genetic analyses of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD), such as familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS) and delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), and morningness-eveningness revealed the relationship between variations in clock genes and diurnal change in human behaviors. …
NAID 10024312391