WordNet

thorough; "a sound thrashing"
mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium; "falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them"
the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause; "the sound of rain on the roof"; "the beautiful sound of music"
the subjective sensation of hearing something; "he strained to hear the faint sounds" (同)auditory sensation
a large ocean inlet or deep bay; "the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast"
the sudden occurrence of an audible event; "the sound awakened them"
make a certain noise or sound; "She went `Mmmmm"; "The gun went `bang" (同)go
announce by means of a sound; "sound the alarm"
appear in a certain way; "This sounds interesting"
cause to sound; "sound the bell"; "sound a certain note"
financially secure and safe; "sound investments"; "a sound economy"
free from moral defect; "a man of sound character"
give off a certain sound or sounds; "This record sounds scratchy"
in good condition; free from defect or damage or decay; "a sound timber"; "the wall is sound"; "a sound foundation"
a plane figure with rounded sides curving inward at the top and intersecting at the bottom; conventionally used on playing cards and valentines; "he drew a heart and called it a valentine"
the courage to carry on; "he kept fighting on pure spunk"; "you havent got the heart for baseball" (同)mettle, nerve, spunk
an inclination or tendency of a certain kind; "he had a change of heart" (同)spirit
a playing card in the major suit that has one or more red hearts on it; "he led the queen of hearts"; "hearts were trumps"
the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom" (同)bosom
the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; "he stood still, his heart thumping wildly" (同)pump, ticker
a firm rather dry variety meat (usually beef or veal); "a five-pound beef heart will serve six"
able to perceive sound
an opportunity to state your case and be heard; "they condemned him without a hearing"; "he saw that he had lost his audience" (同)audience
(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence
the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired" (同)audition, auditory sense, sense of hearing, auditory modality
a session (of a committee or grand jury) in which witnesses are called and testimony is taken; "the investigative committee will hold hearings in Chicago"
receive a communication from someone; "We heard nothing from our son for five years"
examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process; "The jury had heard all the evidence"; "The case will be tried in California" (同)try
perceive (sound) via the auditory sense
making or having a sound as specified; used as a combining form; "harsh-sounding"
a measure of the depth of water taken with a sounding line
the act of measuring depth of water (usually with a sounding line)
having volume or deepness; "sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal"; "the sounding cataract haunted me like a passion"- Wordsworth

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉〈U〉『音』,『音響』,響き・〈U〉音の聞こえる範囲・〈C〉(音声としての)音 / 《単数形で》(聞いたり,読んだりしたときに受ける)感じ,響き,調子・〈U〉(無意味な)音(声);騒音,ざわめき・『音を出す』,鳴る,響く・『聞こえる,思える』(進行形にできない) ・〈楽器・ベルなど〉‘を'鳴らす・(音で)…‘を'知らせる・…‘を'発音する・〈考えなど〉‘を'打診する
(物が)『傷んでいない』,腐っていない,完全な / (心身が)『健全な』,健康な / (財政的に)『安定した』,堅実な / (論理・判断などが)『的確な』,もっともな,分別ある / 合法的な / (道徳的に)高潔な,誠実な / (睡眠が)深い / 徹底した,思う存分の / ぐっすりと
(重りのついた糸で)〈海・川など〉‘の'水深を測る / (…について)〈意見・態度など〉‘を'さぐる,調べる《+『名』+『out』(+『out』+『名』)+『about』+『名』》 / 水深を測る / 〈鯨・魚などが〉深く潜る
海峡,瀬戸(strait) / 入り江
〈C〉『心臓』;胸 / 〈C〉(感情の中心をなす)『心』,気持ち / 〈U〉愛情,同情 / 〈U〉『勇気』,元気,熱意 / 《the ~》『中心』,内部,(物事の)本質,核心 / 〈C〉ハート形の物;(カードの)ハートの札
〈U〉『聴力』,聴覚〈U〉〈C〉(…を)『聞くこと』,(…の)聞き取り《+『of』+『名』》・〈C〉聞いてもらう機会,聞いてやること・聴取・聴聞会〈C〉(法廷などでの)尋問,審問,;(刑罰の減免を求める)釈明,意見陳述 / 〈U〉聞こえる距離(範囲)
〈音〉‘が'『聞こえる』,‘を'聞く(進行形にできない) / 〈人の言うこと〉‘に'『耳を傾ける』,‘を'注意深く聞く(listen);(裁判官などが)…の申し立てを聞く / 〈うわさ・ニュースなど〉‘を'『耳にしている』,聞いている / 『耳が聞こえる』 / 《しばしば命令形で》耳を傾ける,注意を向ける / 『うわさ』(『消息』)『を聞く』
音を出す,鳴り響く
〈U〉水深測量 / 《複数形で》(測量した)水深 / 《複数形で》水深測量できる水域

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心音の聴診 auscultation of heart sounds
2. 心不全が疑われる患者の評価 evaluation of the patient with suspected heart failure
3. 小児における身体的診察：胸部および腹部 the pediatric physical examination chest and abdomen
4. 幼児および小児における心疾患の疑い：紹介の基準 suspected heart disease in infants and children criteria for referral
5. 慢性僧帽弁閉鎖不全の病因、臨床的特徴、および評価 etiology clinical features and evaluation of chronic mitral regurgitation

English Journal

The evolution of prostacyclins in pulmonary arterial hypertension: from classical treatment to modern management.

Burger CD1, D'Albini L, Raspa S, Pruett JA.
The American journal of managed care.Am J Manag Care.2016;22(1):s3-s15.
Prostacyclins for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have historically been covered under the insurance medical benefit because they require durable medical equipment and are administered by an intravenous, subcutaneous, or inhalation route. However, more treatment options that t
PMID 26885569

Multistage decision-based heart sound delineation method for automated analysis of heart sounds and murmurs.

Nivitha Varghees V1, Ramachandran KI1.
Healthcare technology letters.Healthc Technol Lett.2015 Nov 25;2(6):156-63. doi: 10.1049/htl.2015.0010. eCollection 2015.
A robust multistage decision-based heart sound delineation (MDHSD) method is presented for automatically determining the boundaries and peaks of heart sounds (S1, S2, S3, and S4), systolic, and diastolic murmurs (early, mid, and late) and high-pitched sounds (HPSs) of the phonocardiogram (PCG) signa
PMID 26713160

Detection of the Third Heart Sound Based on Nonlinear Signal Decomposition and Time-Frequency Localization.

Barma S, Chen BW, Ji W, Rho S, Chou CH, Wang JF.
IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.2015 Nov 12. [Epub ahead of print]
This work presents a precise way to detect the third (S3) heart sound, which is recognized as an important indication of heart failure, based on nonlinear single decomposition and time-frequency localization. The detection of the S3 is obscured due to its significantly low energy and frequency. Even
PMID 26584485

Japanese Journal

The Mechanism of the Physiologic Disappearance of the Third Heart Sound with Aging

LONGHINI Carlo,SCORZONI Daniela,BARACCA Enrico,BRUNAZZI Maria Cristiana,CHIRILLO Fabio,FRATTI Daniela,MUSACCI Gian Franca
Japanese Heart
… The third heart sound (S3) is often present in children and adolescents but is not present in most adults. … Applying at the left ventricle a mathematical model, the mechanism of the disappearance of S3 was studied employing the frequency analysis of the sound and echocardiographic data. …
NAID 130000766471

A Mass-Spring Model Hypothesis of the Genesis of the Physiological Third Heart Sound

LONGHINI Carlo,AGGIO Silvio,BARACCA Enrico,MELE Donato,FERSINI Carmelo,AUBERT André E.
Japanese Heart
… A study on the genesis of the third heart sound (S3) based on the mass-spring model is presented. … The amplitude versus frequency spectra of S3 of 19 patients were obtained using the FFT algorithm together with mono- and two-dimensional echocardiographic parameters. … Each echo parameter was correlated with the relative energy contained in each of the 15 Hz bands in which the normalized average spectrum of S3 of each subject was divided. …
NAID 130000765333

「III音」

　　[★]

英: third heart sound, S3 heart sound S3
関: 心音、過剰心音、IV音

タイミング

収縮の初期。房室弁の開放に続く。心室急速充満期。

I-II-III

部位

left-sided:apex
right-sided:sternal border

音

dull, pitch：low. bell of the stethoscope
left-sided S3:the left lateral decubitus positionの時に心尖で大きく聞こえる

病態生理

簡単に言えば、「容量負荷」
1. 腱索が、血液が急に充満し心室が拡張するときに張力で緊張した(引っ張られた)結果起こるように見える(PHD.37)
2. 急速流入期の血流による衝撃を心室壁の伸展によって逃がすことができず、衝突音が生じる(手技見え p.105)
3. 急速流入期における心房から心室への流入血液量の異常な増加あるいは心筋緊張度の低下、心室収縮終期容量の増加に伴って起こる心室内の振動の増加(IMD.95)

III音を生じる病態

病的

心房から心室への流入血液量の異常な増加　：僧帽弁閉鎖不全症(MR)、右-左シャントのある疾患(心室中隔欠損、動脈管開存症)
心筋緊張度の低下、心室収縮終期容量の増加：うっ血性心不全、拡張型心筋症(DCM)、大動脈弁閉鎖不全症(AR)

生理的

子供、若年者(20-30歳)、妊婦：正常(生理的III音)
成人：うつ血心不全など起因する容量負荷。うっ血性心不全・MR・DCM(手技見え p.105)。 ←　これは生理的ではない

QB.C-15

拡張期流入血液増加：MR,AS
心室コンプライアンス低下：DCM, MI後のcardiomegaly, heart failure

III音の増強

静脈還流量が増加するような条件、例えば下肢の挙上

「sound」

　　[★]

n.

音

v.

響く

adj.

健全な

Use of the amblyopic eye is encouraged by discouraging use of the sound eye with an occluding patch or using drugs or glasses to blur vision in the sound eye.