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a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus

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ビールス,ろ過性病原体

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/19 22:19:31」(JST)

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Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a zoonotic human illness first identified in 1989. The disease is most prevalent in several rural areas of central Venezuela and is caused by the Guanarito virus (GTOV) which belongs to the Arenaviridae family. The short-tailed cane mouse (Zygodontomys brevicauda) is the main host for GTOV ^[1] which is spread mostly by inhalation of aerosolized droplets of saliva, respiratory secretions, urine, or blood from infected rodents.^[2] Person-to-person spread is possible, but uncommon.

History

From September 1989 through December 2006, the State of Portuguesa recorded 618 cases of VHF. Nearly all of the cases were individuals who worked or lived in Guanarito during the time they became infected. The case fatality rate was 23.1%.^[3]

Because the virus is contracted by aerosol dissemination, concern arose shortly after the first cases emerged in 1989 due to fear of biological warfare. Potential biological terrorism agents were identified and categorized in 1999 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as part of the Congressional initiative to further response capabilities to biological weapons [4] . Arenaviruses causing hemorrhagic fevers, along with a genus of virus called filoviruses, were categorized in Category A; these are pathogens with the highest potential impact on public health safety.

A notable event in the timeline of this virus' scientific knowledge was the unexplained disappearance of a vial of the virus at the University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston National Laboratory, announced 2013 March 24.^[5]

Virus

Arenaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, bisegmented RNA viruses with antisense genomes.^[6] Based on their antigenic properties, arenaviruses have been classified into two major groups: the Old World arena viruses, and the New World arenaviruses. Old World arena viruses include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and Lassa virus. New world arena viruses are further broken down into three clades, A, B, and C. The Guanarito arena virus belongs to clade B and is the cause of VHF. On the biosafety level scale of one to four, with four causing the most risk, the viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers have been assigned a four by the CDC.^[7]

Host

The short-tailed cane mouse, the main host of GTOV, is native to western Venezuela and resides in large numbers in tall grass, cultivated agricultural fields, human homes, and outbuildings.^[3] It is speculated that demographic and ecological changes in the rural areas increased the frequency of contact between humans and infected rodents such that VHF emerged.^[3]

Presentation

VHF has many similarities to Lassa fever and to the arenavirus hemorrhagic fevers that occur in Argentina and Bolivia.^[6] It causes fever and malaise followed by hemorrhagic manifestations and convulsions.^[8] Some presentations of the virus are also characterized by vascular damage, bleeding diathesis, fever, and multiple organ involvement. Clinical diagnosis of VHF has proven to be difficult based on the nonspecific symptoms.[4] The disease is fatal in 30% of cases and is endemic to Portuguesa state and Barinas state in Venezuela.

Treatment and prevention for the VHF virus are limited and there are currently no licensed vaccines available that can act to prevent the disease [4] . However, once infected, Ribavirin, an anti-viral drug given intravenously, is one way to treat VHF.

References

^ Salas, R., and De Manzione, N.. "Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever." Lancet. 8774.338 (1991): 1033-1037. Print.
^ Milazzo, Mary L., Narua N.B. Caimat, Gloria Duno, Freddy Duno, Antonio Utera, and Charles F. Fulhorst."Transmission of Guanarito and Pirital Viruses among Wild Rodents, Venezuela."Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17.12 (2011): 2209-2215. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <www.cdc.gov/eid>.
^ ^a ^b ^c Fulhorst CF, Cajimat MN, Milazzo ML, Paredes H, de Manzione NM, Salas RA, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG (2008). "Genetic diversity between and within the arenavirus species indigenous to western Venezuela". Virology 378: 205–13. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.05.014. PMC 2583173. PMID 18586298.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hruby, D.E., Bolken, T.C., & Dai, D. (2011). U.S. Patent No. 7,872,037. Corvallis, OR: Siga Technologies, Inc.
^ http://www.kltv.com/story/21779393/virus-vial-missing-from-galveston-lab
^ ^a ^b Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Jens H. Kuhn't, Christina F. Spiropoulout, Cesar G. Albarifiod, Dan P. Nguyen, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Tatyana Dorfman, Amy S. Lee, Enxiu Wang, Susan R. Rossll, Hyeryun Choe, and Michael Farzan. "Receptor determinants of zoonotic transmission of New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105.7 (2008): 2664-2669. Print.
^ (May 19, 2011).Special Pathogens Branch. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/disinfo.htm
^ de Manzione N, Salas RA, Paredes H, et al. (1998). "Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever: clinical and epidemiological studies of 165 cases". Clin. Infect. Dis. 26 (2): 308–13. doi:10.1086/516299. PMID 9502447.

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English Journal

Delayed inflammatory and cell death responses are associated with reduced pathogenicity in Lujo virus-infected cynomolgus macaques.

Rasmussen AL1, Tchitchek N1, Safronetz D2, Carter VS1, Williams CM1, Haddock E2, Korth MJ1, Feldmann H2, Katze MG3.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Dec 17. pii: JVI.02246-14. [Epub ahead of print]
To identify host factors associated with arenavirus virulence, we used a cynomolgus macaque model to evaluate the pathogenesis of Lujo virus (LUJV), a recently emerged arenavirus that caused an outbreak of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in southern Africa. In contrast to human cases, LUJV caused mil
PMID 25520505

Replication of Boid Inclusion Body Disease Associated Arenaviruses is Temperature Sensitive in Both Boid and Mammalian Cells.

Hepojoki J1, Kipar A2, Korzyukov Y3, Bell-Sakyi L4, Vapalahti O5, Hetzel U6.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Nov 5. pii: JVI.03119-14. [Epub ahead of print]
Boid inclusion body disease (BIDB) is a fatal disease of boid snakes, the etiology of which has only recently been revealed following identification of several novel arenaviruses in diseased snakes. BIBD-associated arenaviruses (BIBDAV) are genetically divergent from the "classical" Old and New Worl
PMID 25378485

Japanese Journal

アレナウイルス感染症

ウイルス 62(2), 229-238, 2012
NAID 130004470991

Related Pictures

El Ébola Venezolano: La “Fiebre Hemorrágica de Guanarito” Guanarito Virus Online Game ¿Qué es Guanarito? » Su Definición y Significado [2021] Todo lo que debes saber sobre la Une fiole contenant le virus mortel Guanarito disparaît d'un laboratoire américain AMIGOS PARA SIEMPRE: biología - biología sistemática UTMB says it's

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「新興感染症」
関連記事	「virus」

「新興感染症」

Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Infectious disease
ICD-10	A96.8
	[edit on Wikidata]

Guanarito virus
Virus classification
Group:	Group V ((-)ssRNA)
Family:	Arenaviridae
Genus:	Arenavirus
Species
	Guanarito virus

　　[★]

英: emerging infectious disease
関: 感染症、再興感染症

「これまで知られていなかったが、1973年以降に見いだされた病原体」
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/004/004/003.pdfより

新たにヒトでの感染が証明された疾患、あるいはそれまでその土地では存在しなかったが新たにそこでヒトの病気として現れてきたものなどとされています。原因が不明であった疾患のうち病原物質が明らかとなり、地域あるいは国際的に多くの人の健康に対して問題となるものも新興感染症の概念の中に含まれます。

一覧

年	病原微生物	種類	疾患
1973	Rotavirus	ウイルス	小児下痢症
1975	Parvovirus B19	ウイルス	伝染性紅班
1976	Cryptosporidium parvum	寄生虫	下痢症
1977	Eboravirus	ウイルス	エボラ出血熱
	Legionella pneumophila	細菌	レジオネラ症
	Hantaanvirus	ウイルス	腎症候性出血熱
	Campylobacter jejuni	細菌	下痢症
1980	Human T-lymphotropic virus-1	ウイルス	成人T細胞白血病
1980	Hepatitis D virus	ウイルス	D型ウイルス肝炎
1981	TSST-1-producing Staphylococcus aureus	細菌	毒素性ショック症候群
1982	Escherichia coli 0157:H7	細菌	腸管出血性大腸炎、溶血性尿毒症症候群
	Human T-lymphotropic virus-2⁽¹⁾	ウイルス	白血病
	Borrelia burgobrferi	細菌	ライム病
	Rickttsia japonica	細菌	日本紅斑熱
1983	Human immunodeficiency virus	ウイルス	後天性免疫不全症候群
1983	Helicobacter pylori	細菌	胃炎(胃潰瘍、十二指腸潰瘍、胃癌、MALTリンパ腫)
1985	Enterocytozoon bieneusi	寄生虫	持続性下痢症
1986	Cyclospora cayetanensis	寄生虫	持続性下痢症
1986	Prion⁽²⁾	プリオン	牛海綿状脳症
1988	Human herpesvirus-6	ウイルス	突発性発疹症
1988	Hepatitis E virus	ウイルス	E型肝炎
1989	Ehriichia chaffeensis	細菌	エールリキア症
	Hepatitis C virus	ウイルス	C型肝炎
	Clamydia pneumoniae	細菌	肺炎、気管支炎
1991	Guanarito virus	ウイルス	ベネズエラ出血熱
	Encephalitozoon heilem	寄生虫	結膜炎
	Newspecis of Babesia	寄生虫	非定型性バベシア症
1992	Vibrio choerae 0139	細菌	新型コレラ
1992	Bartoneiia henselae	細菌	猫ひっかき病
1993	Sin Nombre virus	ウイルス	ハンタウイルス肺症候群(成人呼吸窮迫症候群)
1993	Encephalitozoon cuniculi	真菌	ミクロスポリドーシス
1994	Sabia virus	ウイルス	ブラジル出血熱
1994	Hendra virus	ウイルス	ウイルス性脳炎
1995	Human herpesvirus-8	ウイルス	カポジ肉腫
1995	Hepatitis G virus	ウイルス	G型肝炎
1996	TSE causing agent	プリオン	新型クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病
1996	Australian bat lyssavirus	ウイルス	ウイルス性脳炎
1997	Influenza A/H5N1	ウイルス	トリ型インフルエンザのヒト感染
1999	Nipa hvirus	ウイルス	急性脳炎
2003	SARS coronavirus	ウイルス	重症急性呼吸器症候群(SAR)

(1)1983年か？
(2)1982年か？

-感染症

「virus」

　　[★] ウイルス

[VHF1-1] Salas, R., and De Manzione, N.. "Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever." Lancet. 8774.338 (1991): 1033-1037. Print.

[VHF3-2] Milazzo, Mary L., Narua N.B. Caimat, Gloria Duno, Freddy Duno, Antonio Utera, and Charles F. Fulhorst."Transmission of Guanarito and Pirital Viruses among Wild Rodents, Venezuela."Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17.12 (2011): 2209-2215. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <www.cdc.gov/eid>.

[VHF4-3] Fulhorst CF, Cajimat MN, Milazzo ML, Paredes H, de Manzione NM, Salas RA, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG (2008). "Genetic diversity between and within the arenavirus species indigenous to western Venezuela". Virology 378: 205–13. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.05.014. PMC 2583173. PMID 18586298.

[VHF5-4] Hruby, D.E., Bolken, T.C., & Dai, D. (2011). U.S. Patent No. 7,872,037. Corvallis, OR: Siga Technologies, Inc.

[5] ttp://www.kltv.com/story/21779393/virus-vial-missing-from-galveston-lab

[VHF2-6] Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Jens H. Kuhn't, Christina F. Spiropoulout, Cesar G. Albarifiod, Dan P. Nguyen, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Tatyana Dorfman, Amy S. Lee, Enxiu Wang, Susan R. Rossll, Hyeryun Choe, and Michael Farzan. "Receptor determinants of zoonotic transmission of New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105.7 (2008): 2664-2669. Print.

[7] (May 19, 2011).Special Pathogens Branch. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/disinfo.htm

[8] Manzione N, Salas RA, Paredes H, et al. (1998). "Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever: clinical and epidemiological studies of 165 cases". Clin. Infect. Dis. 26 (2): 308–13. doi:10.1086/516299. PMID 9502447.

匿名

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案内

案内

Guanarito virus