vitamin K deficiency

ビタミンK欠乏症

WordNet

1. United States guitar player and singer of the blues (born in 1925) (同)B. B. King, Riley B King
2. United States woman tennis player (born in 1943) (同)Billie Jean King, Billie Jean Moffitt King
3. United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968) (同)Martin Luther King, Martin Luther King Jr.
4. street names for ketamine (同)jet, super acid, special K, honey oil, green, cat valium, super C
5. the 11th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)k
6. any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)(量・額などの)不足,欠乏《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉不足分,不足量,不足額 / 〈C〉(精神・肉体などの)欠陥
2. Kelvin / Kindergarten / (チェスの)King / kalium(ラテン語)(=potassium)の化学記号
3. 『ビタミン』,栄養素(身体の喜常な機能を維持するために少量ながら必要な有機化合物)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/07 02:46:11」(JST)

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Vitamin K deficiency
Classification and external resources
Specialty	endocrinology
ICD-10	E56.1
ICD-9-CM	269.0
DiseasesDB	13962
eMedicine	med/2385
Patient UK	Vitamin K deficiency
MeSH	D014813

Vitamin K deficiency is a form of avitaminosis resulting from insufficient vitamin K₁ or vitamin K₂ or both.

Vitamin K₁ deficiency

Vitamin K₁-deficiency may occur by disturbed intestinal uptake (such as would occur in a bile duct obstruction), by therapeutic or accidental intake of a vitamin K₁-antagonist such as warfarin, or, very rarely, by nutritional vitamin K₁ deficiency. As a result, Gla-residues are inadequately formed and the Gla-proteins are insufficiently active.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms include bruising, petechiae, hematomas, oozing of blood at surgical or puncture sites, stomach pains; risk of massive uncontrolled bleeding; cartilage calcification; and severe malformation of developing bone or deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the walls of arteries.

In infants, it can cause some birth defects such as underdeveloped face, nose, bones, and fingers.

Vitamin K is changed to its active form in the liver by the enzyme epoxide reductase. Activated vitamin K is then used to gamma carboxylate (and thus activate) certain enzymes involved in coagulation: Factors II, VII, IX, X, and protein C and protein S. Inability to activate the clotting cascade via these factors leads to the bleeding symptoms mentioned above.

Notably, when one examines the lab values in Vitamin K deficiency [see below] the prothrombin time is elevated, but the partial thromboplastin time is normal or only mildly prolonged. This may seem counterintuitive given that the deficiency leads to decreased activity in factors of both the intrinsic pathway (F-IX) which is monitored by PTT, as well as the extrinsic pathway (F-VII) which is monitored by PT. However, factor VII has the shortest half-life of all the factors carboxylated by vitamin K; therefore, when deficient, it is the PT that rises first, since the activated Factor VII is the first to "disappear." In later stages of deficiency, the other factors (which have longer half lives) are able to "catch up," and the PTT becomes elevated as well.

Laboratory findings in various platelet and coagulation disorders (V - T)

Condition	Prothrombin time	Partial thromboplastin time	Bleeding time	Platelet count
Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin	Prolonged	Normal or mildly prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Disseminated intravascular coagulation	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Decreased
Von Willebrand disease	Unaffected	Prolonged or unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Hemophilia	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Aspirin	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Thrombocytopenia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Decreased
Liver failure, early	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected	Unaffected
Liver failure, end-stage	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Decreased
Uremia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Congenital afibrinogenemia	Prolonged	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected
Factor V deficiency	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura	Prolonged	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected
Bernard-Soulier syndrome	Unaffected	Unaffected	Prolonged	Decreased or unaffected
Factor XII deficiency	Unaffected	Prolonged	Unaffected	Unaffected
C1INH deficiency	Unaffected	Shortened	Unaffected	Unaffected

Vitamin K₂ Deficiency

Menaquinone (vitamin K₂), but not phylloquinone (vitamin K₁), intake is associated with reduced risk of CHD mortality, all-cause mortality and severe aortic calcification.

Epidemiology

The prevalence of vitamin K deficiency varies by geographic region.

For infants in the United States, vitamin K₁ deficiency without bleeding may occur in as many as 50% of infants younger than 5 days old, with the classic hemorrhagic disease occurring in 0.25-1.7% of infants. Therefore, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that 0.5 to 1.0 mg Vitamin K₁ be administered to all newborns shortly after birth.

Postmenopausal and elderly women in Thailand have high risk of Vitamin K₂ deficiency, compared with the normal value of young, reproductive females. Current dosage recommendations for Vitamin K may be too low.

The deposition of calcium in soft tissues, including arterial walls, is quite common, especially in those suffering from atherosclerosis, suggesting that Vitamin K deficiency is more common than previously thought.

Because colonic bacteria synthesize a significant portion of the Vitamin K required for human needs, individuals with disruptions to or insufficient amounts of these bacteria can be at risk for Vitamin K deficiency. Newborns, as mentioned above, fit into this category, as their colons are frequently not adequately colonized in the first five to seven days of life. (Consumption of the mother's milk can undo this temporary problem.) Another at-risk population are those individuals on any sort of long-term antibiotic therapy, as this can diminish the population of normal gut flora.

See also

• Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

References

External links

• Cees Vermeer, Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation - an overview. "Food and Nutrition Research", 2012 full text

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ビタミンKの概要 overview of vitamin k
• 2. 凝固検査の臨床使用 clinical use of coagulation tests
• 3. 小児における紫斑の評価 evaluation of purpura in children
• 4. 血友病患者に生じる慢性合併症と加齢に伴い生じる併存症 chronic complications and age related comorbidities in people with hemophilia
• 5. 肝疾患患者における止血異常 hemostatic abnormalities in patients with liver disease

English Journal

• [Delayed diagnosis of newborn vitamin K deficiency bleeding: From simple cutaneous lesion to intracranial hemorrhage].

• Oueriagli Nabih Z, Labib S, Harrandou M.SourceService d'anesthésie-réanimation Mère-Enfant, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc.
• Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Sociéte française de pédiatrie.Arch Pediatr.2012 Jan;19(1):79-80. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
• PMID 22134053

Japanese Journal

• 臨床研究・症例報告 当院で経験したビタミンD欠乏症32例の臨床的検討

• 森 俊彦,國崎 純,星野 恵美子 [他]
• 小児科臨床 68(7), 1415-1423, 2015-07
• NAID 40020495412

• Micronutrient Deficiency Control in Vietnam from Policy and Research to Implementation : Keys for Success, Challenges and Lessons Learned (Nutrition and Food for Longevity : For the Well-Being of All : Proceedings of the 12th Asian Congress of Nutrition)

• TRAN Van Khanh,SPOHRER Rebecca
• Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 61(Suppl.), S198-200, 2015-05
• NAID 40020444590

• True Niacin Deficiency in Quinolinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) Knockout Mice (Nutrition and Food for Longevity : For the Well-Being of All : Proceedings of the 12th Asian Congress of Nutrition)

• SHIBATA Katsumi
• Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 61(Suppl.), S145-147, 2015-05
• NAID 40020444490

Related Links

• Vitamin K Deficiency - Medscape Reference

23 Feb 2012 ... Vitamin K Deficiency. Vitamin K (VK) deficiency can occur in any age group but is encountered most often in infancy.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ビタミンK欠乏症」
拡張検索	「idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancy」「infant vitamin K deficiency」
関連記事	「deficiency」「k」「Kd」「K」

「ビタミンK欠乏症」

　　[★]

英

vitamin K deficiency

関

ビタミンK、特発性乳児ビタミンK欠乏性出血症

USMLE

• Q book p.290 17

「idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancy」

　　[★] 特発性乳児ビタミンK欠乏性出血症

「infant vitamin K deficiency」

　　[★]

• 新生児ビタミンK欠乏症

「deficiency」

　　[★]

• n.

• 不足、欠乏、欠失、欠如、欠損、不十分。栄養不足、栄養素欠乏、欠乏症。(遺伝子)(染色体内の)遺伝子欠失
• 欠けているもの、不足している物。不足分。不完全なもの、欠点のあるもの

関

absence, agenesis, dearth, defect, defective, deficient, deficit, delete, deletion, deletional, depletion, deprivation, deprive, lack, miss, missing, morphological defect, paucity, scarce, scarcity, starve

　

「k」

　　[★]

• キロ kilo (10の3乗)
• 解離定数 dissociation constant
• 比例定数 rate constant

「Kd」

　　[★]

• 結合解離定数、解離定数

関

binding dissociation constant、dissociation constant

「K」

　　[★]

• リジン lysin
• カリウム potassium