WordNet

develop into a distinctive entity; "our plans began to take shape" (同)take form, take shape, spring
assume a form or shape; "the water formed little beads"
the visual appearance of something or someone; "the delicate cast of his features" (同)shape, cast
a mold for setting concrete; "they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation"
a particular mode in which something is manifested; "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility"
a perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them" (同)shape, pattern
(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; "a new strain of microorganisms" (同)variant, strain, var.
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something; "the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached" (同)word form, signifier, descriptor
a printed document with spaces in which to write; "he filled out his tax form"
an ability to perform well; "he was at the top of his form"; "the team was off form last night"
an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse; "the essay was in the form of a dialogue"; "he first sketches the plot in outline form"
to compose or represent:"This wall forms the background of the stage setting"; "The branches made a roof"; "This makes a fine introduction" (同)constitute, make
create (as an entity); "social groups form everywhere"; "They formed a company" (同)organize, organise
of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids; "vascular constriction"; "a vascular bundle"
having or given a form or shape

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉〈U〉(色・材質に対して)『形』,形状,姿 / 〈C〉『人体』,体つき / 〈C〉〈U〉『外観』,格好,人影 / 〈C〉〈U〉(ものの現れる)『形態』,形式 / 〈C〉(生物などの)『種類』,品種 / 〈U〉(芸術作品の)表現形式 / 〈U〉(特にスポーツで)(競技者の)フォーム / 〈U〉(心身の)調子,元気 / 〈C〉(印刷された)書き込み用紙,ひな形 / 〈U〉《話》(ある集団などの)やり方,仕方,方式 / 〈C〉〈U〉しきたり,伝統的な儀式 / 〈C〉(英国の学校・米国のある学校で)学年,学級 / 〈U〉〈C〉(意味に対する)形態,形;語形 / 〈C〉(通例寄りかかりのない)長い木のいす / 〈素材〉‘に'形を与える,(…に)…‘を'形作る《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (素材から)…‘を'形作る《+『名』+『out of』+『名』》 / …‘を'組織する,構成する / 〈考えなど〉‘を'まとめる,思い付く;〈計画など〉‘を'立てる / 〈習慣など〉‘を'身に付ける;〈交際など〉‘を'結ぶ / 〈文章など〉‘を'組み立てる;〈複数形など〉‘を'作る / (ある順序に)配列する,整列させる / 〈物が〉形を成す / 生じる,現れる / (…に)なる《+『into』+『名』》
《時間・距離》『…の間』 / 《利益・貢献》『…のために』 / 《適応・用途》『…向きの(に);』…用の(に);…のための(に) / 《目的・意向》『…のために,』に / 《敬意・記念》『…のために;』…を記念して / 《獲得・追求》『…を得るために』,を求めて / 《行く先・方向》『…あてに;』…[方面]行きの,に向けて / 《交換・報償など》『…に対して』;…と引き換えに;…のお返しに / 《原因・理由》『…のために』,なので / 《代理・代表》『…の代わりに;』…を代表して / 《形容詞の後に用いて》『…にとって,』には / 《比較級の後に用いて》『…の結果として,』…のために / 《対比》『…としては,』のわりには / 《関連》『…について,』の点では / 《資格・属性》『…として』 / 《賛成・支持》…『に賛成して』,を支持して / 《傾向・好み》…『に対する』,には / 《模倣》《おもに米》《英文》…の名を取って(after) / 《割合》…に対して / 《『for』+『名』〈人〉+『to』 doの形で,〈人〉が不定詞to doの意味上の主語を表して》…が(…することは,…するために) / […というのは]…だから
(血液・樹液などを運ぶ)管の,導管の,血管の

UpToDate Contents

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1. 血管輪と肺動脈スリング vascular rings and slings
2. 血管新生阻害剤の概要 overview of angiogenesis inhibitors
3. 脳血管性認知症の病因、臨床症状、および診断 etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of vascular dementia
4. 動脈疾患の非侵襲的診断 noninvasive diagnosis of arterial disease
5. 孤立性上腸間膜動脈解離 spontaneous mesenteric arterial dissection

English Journal

Chemerin reduces vascular nitric oxide/cGMP signalling in rat aorta: a link to vascular dysfunction in obesity?

Neves KB, Lobato NS1, Lopes RA2, Filgueira FP2, Zanotto CZ1, Oliveira AM3, Tostes RC2.Author information 1‡Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, GO, Brazil.2†Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.3*Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.AbstractThe adipokine chemerin has been implicated in cardiovascular complications associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Chemerin has direct effects on the vasculature, augmenting vascular responses to contractile stimuli. As NO/cGMP signalling plays a role in vascular dysfunction associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, we hypothesized that chemerin induces vascular dysfunction by decreasing NO/cGMP signalling. Aortic rings from male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks of age) were incubated with chemerin (0.5 or 5 ng/ml for 1 h) or vehicle and isometric tension was recorded. Vasorelaxation in response to ACh (acetylcholine), SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and BAY 412272 [an sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) stimulator] were decreased in chemerin-treated vessels. The NOS (NO synthase) cofactor BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin), an O2- (superoxide anion) scavenger (tiron) and a SOD (superoxide dismutase) mimetic (tempol) abolished the effects of chemerin on ACh-induced vasodilation. eNOS (endothelial NOS) phosphorylation, determined by Western blotting, was increased in chemerin-treated vessels; however, the enzyme was mainly in the monomeric form, with decreased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio. Chemerin decreased the mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis GTP cyclohydrolase I. Chemerin-incubated vessels displayed decreased NO production, along with increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation. These effects were abrogated by BH4, tempol and L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). sGC protein expression and cGMP levels were decreased in chemerin-incubated vessels. These results demonstrate that chemerin reduces NO production, enhances NO breakdown and also decreases NO-dependent cGMP signalling, thereby reducing vascular relaxation. Potential mechanisms mediating the effects of chemerin in the vasculature include eNOS uncoupling, increased O2- generation and reduced GC activity.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Jul 1;127(2):111-22. doi: 10.1042/CS20130286.
The adipokine chemerin has been implicated in cardiovascular complications associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Chemerin has direct effects on the vasculature, augmenting vascular responses to contractile stimuli. As NO/cGMP signalling plays a role in vascular dysfunction associated w
PMID 24498891

A multiscale poromicromechanical approach to wave propagation and attenuation in bone.

Morin C1, Hellmich C2.Author information 1Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), 1040 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: Claire.Morin@tuwien.ac.at.2Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), 1040 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: Christian.Hellmich@tuwien.ac.at.AbstractUltrasonics is an important diagnostic tool for bone diseases, as it allows for non-invasive assessment of bone tissue quality through mass density-elasticity relationships. The latter are, however, quite complex for fluid-filled porous media, which motivates us to develop a rigorous multiscale poromicrodynamics approach valid across the great variety of different bone tissues. Multiscale momentum and mass balance, as well as kinematics of a hierarchical double porous medium, together with Darcy's law for fluid flow and micro-poro-elasticity for the solid phase of bone, give access to the so-called dispersion relation, linking the complex wave numbers to corresponding wave frequencies. Experimentally validated results show that 2.25MHz acoustical signals transmit healthy cortical bone (exhibiting a low vascular porosity) only in the form of fast waves, agreeing very well with experimental data, while both fast and slow waves transmit highly osteoporotic as well as trabecular bone (exhibiting a large vascular porosity). While velocities and wavelengths of both fast and slow waves, as well as attenuation lengths of slow waves, are always monotonously increasing with the permeability of the bone sample, the attenuation length of fast waves shows a minimum when considered as function of the permeability.
Ultrasonics.Ultrasonics.2014 Jul;54(5):1251-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.12.005. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
Ultrasonics is an important diagnostic tool for bone diseases, as it allows for non-invasive assessment of bone tissue quality through mass density-elasticity relationships. The latter are, however, quite complex for fluid-filled porous media, which motivates us to develop a rigorous multiscale poro
PMID 24457030

Bilateral subclavian steal syndrome with vertigo.

Yamanaka T1, Sawai Y2, Hosoi H2.Author information 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan. Electronic address: toshya@naramed-u.ac.jp.2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.AbstractSubclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is usually caused by unilateral subclavian artery (SA) occlusion, and bilateral SSS is very rare. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous form of vasculitis that affects the SA, most commonly in women aged 15-40 years. We report a rare case of bilateral SSS due to TA in a 52-year-old woman, who exhibited severe vertigo. Although her blood pressure was within the normal range and did not differ between her arms, Doppler ultrasonography revealed low antegrade blood flow in the right SA and retrograde flow in the left SA. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated complete obstruction of the bilateral SA proximal to the vertebral artery origin. The more marked decrease in the blood flow of the vertebrobasilar artery experienced in bilateral SSS compared with unilateral SSS is considered to have caused the severe rotatory vertigo in the present patient. Since the vascular conditions of TA progressively deteriorate, delayed diagnosis and treatment could result in poor outcomes and unfavorable prognosis. We suggest that SSS with TA might require an early detection and treatment as well as careful follow-up for preventing vertigo and other neurological deficits in the vertebrobasilar arterial region.
Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2014 Jun;41(3):307-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2013.08.004. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is usually caused by unilateral subclavian artery (SA) occlusion, and bilateral SSS is very rare. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous form of vasculitis that affects the SA, most commonly in women aged 15-40 years. We report a rare case of bilateral S
PMID 24206829

Japanese Journal

血小板に魅せられて

岡野こずえ
山口医学 = Yamaguchi medical journal 64(1), 5-9, 2015-02
… However, platelet is difficult to operate as an object of a clinical investigation, because it is easily-activated, makes form change, adheres, clumps, and eventually, it becomes micro particles(MP)after activations. … On the other hand, MPs can also be produced by various cells such as monocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and cancers et al., and methods to identify sources of their MPs are not developed yet. …
NAID 120005601210

The Relationship between Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Ligands Containing Apolipoprotein B and the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Healthy Community Inhabitants: The KOBE Study

Sugiyama Daisuke,Higashiyama Aya,Wakabayashi Ichiro,Kubota Yoshimi,Adachi Yoshiko,Hayashibe Akiko,Kawamura Kuniko,Kuwabara Kazuyo,Nishimura Kunihiro,Kadota Aya,Nishida Yoko,Hirata Takumi,Imano Hironori,Miyamatsu Naomi,Miyamoto Yoshihiro,Sawamura Tatsuya,Okamura Tomonori
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 22(5), 499-508, 2015
… These indicators play an important role in the early phase atherosclerosis, but the relationship between these indicators and subclinical atherosclerosis, as represented by the cardioankle vascular index (CAVI), has not been assessed. …
NAID 130005071043

Protective effect of the long pentraxin PTX3 against histone-mediated endothelial cell cytotoxicity in sepsis

Daigo Kenji,Nakakido Makoto,Ohashi Riuko,Fukuda Rie,Matsubara Koichi,Minami Takashi,Yamaguchi Naotaka,Inoue Kenji,Jiang Shuying,Naito Makoto,Tsumoto Kouhei,Hamakubo Takao
Science Signaling 7(343), 2014-09-16
… We found that PTX3 interacted with histones to form coaggregates, which depended on polyvalent interactions and disorder in the secondary structure of PTX3. …
NAID 120005537769