var.

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variable / variant / variation / variety / various
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/20 01:14:29」(JST)

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In botanical nomenclature, variety (abbreviated var.; in Latin: varietas) is a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies but above that of form.^[1] As such, it gets a three-part infraspecific name.

Example

The pincushion cactus, Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb., is a wide-ranging variable species occurring from Canada to Mexico, and found throughout New Mexico below about 2,600 metres (8,500 ft). Nine varieties have been described. Where the varieties of the pincushion cactus meet, they intergrade. The variety Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica is from Arizona, while Escobaria vivipara var. neo-mexicana is from New Mexico.

Definitions

The term is defined in different ways by different authors.^[2] A variety will have an appearance distinct from other varieties, but will hybridize freely with those other varieties (if brought into contact).^{[citation needed]} Usually varieties will be geographically separate from each other.^{[citation needed]}

Other nomenclature uses

In plant breeding nomenclature, at least in countries that are signatory to the UPOV Convention, "variety" or "plant variety" is a legal term.
In zoological nomenclature, the only allowed rank below that of species is that of subspecies. A name that was published before 1961 as that of a variety is taken to be the name of a subspecies. A name published after 1960 as that of a variety does not formally exist. In zoology, forms and morphs are used informally if needed, but are unregulated by the ICZN.
In bacteriological nomenclature, "variety" is not allowed, but names published as varieties before 1992 are taken to be published as subspecies.
In viticulture nomenclature, what is referred to as "grape varieties" are in reality cultivars according to usage in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants or "plant varieties" in the legal sense rather than botanical taxonomy varieties, since they are propagated by cuttings and have properties that are not stable under sexual reproduction. However, usage of the term variety is so entrenched in viticulture that a change to cultivar is unlikely.

References

^ "Article 4". International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. 2012. 4.1. If a greater number of ranks of taxa is desired, [...a]n organism may thus be assigned to taxa of the following ranks (in descending sequence): [... genus, ... species, subspecies,] variety (varietas), subvariety (subvarietas), form (forma), and subform (subforma). ... 4.3. Further ranks may also be intercalated or added, provided that confusion or error is not thereby introduced.
^ Robert T. Clausen (1941). "On The Use Of The Terms "Subspecies" And "Variety"". Rhodora 43 (509): 157–167.

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English Journal

Thermal and pressure stability of myrosinase enzymes from black mustard (Brassica nigra L. W.D.J. Koch. var. nigra), brown mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. var. juncea) and yellow mustard (Sinapsis alba L. subsp. maire) seeds.

Okunade OA1, Ghawi SK2, Methven L2, Niranjan K2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Nov 15;187:485-90. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.054. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
This study investigates the effects of temperature and pressure on inactivation of myrosinase extracted from black, brown and yellow mustard seeds. Brown mustard had higher myrosinase activity (2.75 un/mL) than black (1.50 un/mL) and yellow mustard (0.63 un/mL). The extent of enzyme inactivation inc
PMID 25977054

Genetic instability in plants associated with vehicular traffic and climatic variables.

Spósito JC1, Crispim Bdo A1, Mussury RM2, Grisolia AB3.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2015 Oct;120:445-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.031. Epub 2015 Jul 3.
To characterize the effect of vehicular traffic on air quality, the micronuclei of Tradescantia pallida tetrads were counted. Young inflorescences of T. pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea were collected in 2010, 2011, and 2012, from three sites subjected to different intensities of vehicular tra
PMID 26150136

NIR spectroscopy as a tool for discriminating between lichens exposed to air pollution.

Casale M1, Bagnasco L1, Giordani P2, Mariotti MG3, Malaspina P3.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2015 Sep;134:355-60. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.095. Epub 2015 May 15.
Lichens are used as biomonitors of air pollution because they are extremely sensitive to the presence of substances that alter atmospheric composition. Fifty-one thalli of two different varieties of Pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) were collected far from local sources of a
PMID 25973860

Japanese Journal

Phtytochemical Studies and Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Rosmarinic Acid and Luteolin 5-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside on Thymus praecox subsp. grossheimii var. grossheimii

Sevindik Handan Gokben,Ozgen Ufuk,Atila Alptug [他]
Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin 63(9), 720-725, 2015-09
NAID 40020571399

ハマフウロ(フウロソウ科)の学名とタイプ選定

池田博,清水晶子,AEDO Carlos
植物研究雑誌 90(4), 281-284, 2015-08
NAID 40020564678

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村野紀雄,三木昇,宮木雅美 [他]
植物研究雑誌 90(4), 276-280, 2015-08
NAID 40020564662

Related Pictures

Tror du det blir vår i år? ;-) Location Var var var 23 11 2010 endettement du var Département n° 83 : Département du Var Var (83) Vacances dans le Var Carte du Var

[1] "Article 4". International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. 2012. 4.1. If a greater number of ranks of taxa is desired, [...a]n organism may thus be assigned to taxa of the following ranks (in descending sequence): [... genus, ... species, subspecies,] variety (varietas), subvariety (subvarietas), form (forma), and subform (subforma). ... 4.3. Further ranks may also be intercalated or added, provided that confusion or error is not thereby introduced.

[2] Robert T. Clausen (1941). "On The Use Of The Terms "Subspecies" And "Variety"". Rhodora 43 (509): 157–167.

v t e Taxonomic ranks
				Magnorder
Domain/Superkingdom	Superphylum/Superdivision	Superclass		Superorder	Superfamily	Supertribe		Superspecies
Kingdom	Phylum/Division	Class	Legion	Order	Family	Tribe	Genus	Species
Subkingdom	Subphylum	Subclass	Cohort	Suborder	Subfamily	Subtribe	Subgenus	Subspecies
Infrakingdom/Branch	Infraphylum	Infraclass		Infraorder			Section	Infraspecies
	Microphylum	Parvclass		Parvorder			Series	Variety
								Form

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