n.

(治療者に対して患者が抱く私的感情)</rad>

関: dissemination、metastases、metastasis、metastasize、transfer、transition

WordNet

(psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another; during psychoanalysis the displacement of feelings toward others (usually the parents) is onto the analyst
move from one place to another; "transfer the data"; "transmit the news"; "transfer the patient to another hospital"
the act of transfering something from one form to another; "the transfer of the music from record to tape suppressed much of the background noise" (同)transference
transferring ownership (同)transference
application of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation (同)transfer of training, carry-over
someone who transfers or is transferred from one position to another; "the best student was a transfer from LSU" (同)transferee
a ticket that allows a passenger to change conveyances
change from one vehicle or transportation line to another; "She changed in Chicago on her way to the East coast" (同)change
transfer somebody to a different position or location of work (同)reassign
move around; "transfer the packet from his trouser pockets to a pocket in his jacket" (同)shift
transfer from one place or period to another; "The ancient Greek story was transplanted into Modern America" (同)transpose, transplant
cause to change ownership; "I transferred my stock holdings to my children"
make or undergo a transition (from one state or system to another); "The airline transitioned to more fuel-efficient jets"; "The adagio transitioned into an allegro"
a musical passage moving from one key to another (同)modulation
a change from one place or state or subject or stage to another
a passage that connects a topic to one that follows
cause to convert or undergo a transition; "the company had to transition the old practices to modern technology"
the property of being diffused or dispersed (同)diffusion
the opening of a subject to widespread discussion and debate (同)airing, public exposure, spreading
spread throughout the body; "the cancer had metastasized and the patient could not be saved" (同)metastasise

PrepTutorEJDIC

移すこと,移されること,転任,転勤,移転;譲渡;(精神分析で)感情転移
(…から…へ)〈人・物〉‘を'『移す』,移転させる,乗り換えさせる《+名〈人・物〉+from+名+to+名》 / (…から…へ)〈権利・財産など〉‘を'譲り渡す,移転する《+名〈権利・財産〉+from+名+to+名》 / 〈絵画・デザインなど〉‘を'写す,転写する / 〈人が〉(ある人・場所から他の人・場所などへ)『移る』,移される;転任する,転任させられる《+from+名+to+名》 / (…から…へ)列車(バスなど)を乗り換える《+from+名+to+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…を)『移すこと』,(…が)移転されること《+of+名》;転任,転校 / 〈C〉移る人(物),移される人(物);転校生,転任者 / 〈C〉乗り換え切符 / 〈C〉乗り換え場所 / 〈C〉写し絵
(…から…へ)移り変わること,変遷;(…から…への)過渡期《+from+名+to+名》
(思想・ニュースなどの)普及,流布

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/21 22:17:42」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Transference is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another. One definition of transference is "the inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood."^[1] Another definition is "the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object."^[2] Still another definition is "a reproduction of emotions relating to repressed experiences, especially of childhood, and the substitution of another person ... for the original object of the repressed impulses."^[3] Transference (German: Übertragung) was first described by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who acknowledged its importance for psychoanalysis for better understanding of the patient's feelings. The inclusion of "inappropriate" in the first definition notwithstanding, transference is normal and does not constitute underlying pathology in itself; it is only inappropriate when patterns of transference lead to maladaptive thoughts, feelings or behaviours.

Occurrence

It is common for people to transfer feelings from their parents to their partners or children (i.e., cross-generational entanglements). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance, or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend.

In The Psychology of the Transference, Carl Jung states that within the transference dyad both participants typically experience a variety of opposites, that in love and in psychological growth, the key to success is the ability to endure the tension of the opposites without abandoning the process, and that this tension allows one to grow and to transform.^[4]

Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue. A modern, social-cognitive perspective on transference, explains how it can occur in everyday life. When people meet a new person that reminds them of someone else, they unconsciously infer that the new person has traits similar to the person previously known.^[5] This perspective has generated a wealth of research that illuminated how people tend to repeat relationship patterns from the past in the present.

High-profile serial killers often transfer unresolved rage toward previous love or hate-objects onto "surrogates," or individuals resembling or otherwise calling to mind the original object of that hate. In the instance of Ted Bundy, he repeatedly killed brunette women who reminded him of a previous girlfriend with whom he had become infatuated, but who had ended the relationship, leaving Ted rejected and pathologically rageful.^[6] This notwithstanding, Bundy's behavior could be considered pathological insofar as he may have had narcissistic or antisocial personality disorder.^[7] If so, normal transference mechanisms cannot be held causative of his homicidal behavior.

Sigmund Freud held that transference plays a large role in male homosexuality. In The Ego and the Id, he claimed that eroticism between males can be an outcome of a "[psychically] non-economic" hostility, which is unconsciously subverted into love and sexual attraction.^[8] There is, however, no empirical evidence for Freud's viewpoint, and this hypothesis of the development of homosexuality, and the belief that it can be treated or cured by psychoanalysis, has been discredited.^[9]

Transference and countertransference during psychotherapy

In a therapy context, transference refers to redirection of a patient's feelings for a significant person to the therapist. Transference is often manifested as an erotic attraction towards a therapist, but can be seen in many other forms such as rage, hatred, mistrust, parentification, extreme dependence, or even placing the therapist in a god-like or guru status. When Freud initially encountered transference in his therapy with patients, he thought he was encountering patient resistance, as he recognized the phenomenon when a patient refused to participate in a session of free association. But what he learned was that the analysis of the transference was actually the work that needed to be done: "the transference, which, whether affectionate or hostile, seemed in every case to constitute the greatest threat to the treatment, becomes its best tool".^[10] The focus in psychodynamic psychotherapy is, in large part, the therapist and patient recognizing the transference relationship and exploring the relationship's meaning. Since the transference between patient and therapist happens on an unconscious level, psychodynamic therapists who are largely concerned with a patient's unconscious material use the transference to reveal unresolved conflicts patients have with childhood figures.

Countertransference^[11] is defined as redirection of a therapist's feelings toward a patient, or more generally, as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a patient. A therapist's attunement to their own countertransference is nearly as critical as understanding the transference. Not only does this help therapists regulate their emotions in the therapeutic relationship, but it also gives therapists valuable insight into what patients are attempting to elicit in them. For example, a therapist who is sexually attracted to a patient must understand the countertransference aspect (if any) of the attraction, and look at how the patient might be eliciting this attraction. Once any countertransference aspect has been identified, the therapist can ask the patient what his or her feelings are toward the therapist, and can explore how those feelings relate to unconscious motivations, desires, or fears.

Another contrasting perspective on transference and countertransference is offered in Classical Adlerian psychotherapy. Rather than using the patient's transference strategically in therapy, the positive or negative transference is diplomatically pointed out and explained as an obstacle to cooperation and improvement. For the therapist, any signs of countertransference would suggest that his or her own personal training analysis needs to be continued to overcome these tendencies

Notes

^ Kapelovitz, Leonard H. (1987). To Love and To Work/A Demonstration and Discussion of Psychotherapy. p. 66.
^ Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (8th ed. 1976).
^ Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (2nd College Ed. 1970).
^ Jung, Carl C. The Psychology of the Transference, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01752-2
^ Andersen, S. M. & Berk., M. (1998). The social-cognitive model of transference: Experiencing past relationships in the present. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7(4), 109-115.
^ "Michaels, S. G., & Aynesworth, H. (2000). Ted Bundy: Conversations with a killer. Dallas: Authorlink.
^ Describing Ted Bundy’s Personality and Working towards DSM-V. Douglas B. Samuel and Thomas A. Widiger. Department of Psychology at the University of Kentucky.Independent Practitioner (2007), 27 (1), pp. 20–22.
^ Freud, S. (1960). The ego and the id. J. Strachey (Ed.). (J. Riviere, Trans.). New York: W.W. Norton. (Original work published 1923)
^ Erica Goode, 12/12/1996, New York Times, "On Gay Issue, Psychoanalysis treats itself" URL: http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/12/arts/on-gay-issue-psychoanalysis-treats-itself.html Accessed Oct 25,2013.
^ Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (PFL 1) p. 496
^ Horacio Etchegoyen: The Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique, Karnac Books ed., New Ed, 2005, ISBN 1-85575-455-X

References

Heinrich Racker, Transference and Counter-Transference, Publisher: International Universities Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8236-8323-0.
Herbert A Rosenfeld, Impasse And Interpretation, 1987, Taylor & Francis Ltd, ISBN 0-415-01012-8.
Harold Searles, Countertransference and related subjects; selected papers., Publisher New York, International Universities Press, 1979, ISBN 0-8236-1085-3.
Horacio Etchegoyen, The Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique, Publisher: Karnac Books, 2005, ISBN 1-85575-455-X.
Margaret Little, Transference Neurosis and Transference Psychosis, Publisher: Jason Aronson; 1993, ISBN 1-56821-074-4.
Nathan Schwartz-Salant, Transference and Countertransference, Publisher: Chrion, 1984 (Reissued 1992), ISBN 0-933029-63-2.

External links

On Transference, Freudian quotes on transference.
Negative Transference

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人におけるうつ病：力学的心理療法 depression in adults psychodynamic psychotherapy
2. 精神科診療における治療関係の確立と維持 establishing and maintaining a therapeutic relationship in psychiatric practice
3. 困難な患者との遭遇 the difficult patient encounter
4. Unipolar depression in adults: Supportive psychotherapy
5. 境界性人格障害：治療および予後 borderline personality disorder treatment and prognosis

English Journal

Alcohol expectancies in young children and how this relates to parental alcohol use.

Mares SH1, Stone LL2, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A2, Engels RC2.
Addictive behaviors.Addict Behav.2015 Jun;45:93-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
According to the cognitive model of intergenerational transference, modeling of alcohol use is an indirect process in which parental drinking shapes alcohol expectancies of children, which in turn are associated with later alcohol use in adolescents. The present study examined whether parental alcoh
PMID 25655929

Bioaccumulation of dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs by detritus-feeding fish in the Rio de la Plata estuary, Argentina.

Cappelletti N1, Speranza E, Tatone L, Astoviza M, Migoya MC, Colombo JC.
Environmental science and pollution research international.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.2015 May;22(9):7093-100. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3935-z. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
A comparative analysis of bioaccumulation behavior of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was conducted involving simultaneous measurements in settling particles and a detritivorous fish (Sabalo, Prochilodus linneatus) collected in the sewage imp
PMID 25501540

Regulatory cells induced by acute toxoplasmosis prevent the development of allergic lung inflammation.

Fenoy IM1, Sanchez VR1, Soto AS1, Picchio MS1, Maglioco A2, Corigliano MG3, Dran GI2, Martin V1, Goldman A4.
Immunobiology.Immunobiology.2015 May;220(5):641-8. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.016. Epub 2014 Dec 13.
The increased prevalence of allergies in developed countries has been attributed to a reduction of some infections. Supporting epidemiological studies, we previously showed that both acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection can diminish allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. The mechanism
PMID 25532793

Dairy matrix effect on the transference of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil compounds during cheese making.

Moro A1, Librán CM, Berruga MI, Carmona M, Zalacain A.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture.J Sci Food Agric.2015 May;95(7):1507-13. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6853. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
BACKGROUND: The use of aromatic plant extracts as ingredients may be compromised owing to low transference and activity lack in food matrixes compared with in vitro trials. Rosemary essential oil (REO) was added to sheep milk to study the transference of its compounds during the cheese-making proces
PMID 25092116

Japanese Journal

フォーカシングによるパラレルプロセスの気づき : スーパーバイザー自身の体験の吟味

伊藤研一
人文 (12), 227-237, 2014-03
… Transference and countertransference between therapist and client are brought about in the relationship between supervisor and supervisee. …
NAID 120005426647

マインドフルネス特性が道徳判断における嫌悪感の自動的な転移に及ぼす効果

佐藤德,杉浦義典
心理学研究 84(6), 605-611, 2014-02
NAID 40019987548

マインドフルネス特性が道徳判断における嫌悪感の自動的な転移に及ぼす効果

佐藤德,杉浦義典
心理学研究 84(6), 605-611, 2014
… In the present study, we investigated whether individual differences in mindfulness modulated automatic transference of disgust into moral judgment. … These findings suggest that being present prevents automatic transference of disgust into moral judgment even when prepotent emotions elicited by the thought of killing one person to save several others and utilitarian reasoning conflict. …
NAID 130003395752

知的障碍者が活躍する生産現場における身体知移転プロセス

亀井省吾,大橋正和,松野良一
情報文化学会誌 20(2), 51-58, 2013-12
NAID 40019978670

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「転移」「transfer」「transition」「dissemination」「metastasize」

「転移」

　　[★]

腫瘍の転移

英: metastasis
関: metastatic potential、skip metastasis、metastatic disease

原発	転移
肺	リンパ節が最多。肝臓、胸膜、対側肺、副腎、心膜、骨(肋骨、椎骨)、大脳(圧迫症状出現) 遠隔転移：肺内＞骨＞脳＞肝＞副腎小細胞癌が最も転移しやすい。
胃	分化型：血行性に肝臓、未分化型：腹膜播種
大腸	肝臓、肺
卵巣	腹腔内播種、リンパ性転移(後腹膜)。血行性は希
腎臓	肺＞骨＞肝。副腎もありうる。能は多くない。
骨肉腫	肺＞骨発見時に10-20%の症例で肺転移。

転移性脳腫瘍は原発巣が肺であることが最も多い、らしい。
転移性の硬膜外腫瘍は原発巣が肺癌＞乳癌＞リンパ腫

精神医学

英: transference; →感情転移

分子遺伝学の転移(トランスポゾン)

英: transposition

「transfer」

　　[★]

n.

伝達、移動、転移、移行、(医療)移植

v.

伝達する、移動する、移行させる、移植する、移す、トランスファーする

関: communication、convey、dissemination、engraft、engraftment、entry、graft、grafting、immigration、implant、implantation、metastases、metastasis、metastasize、migrate、move、movement、run、shift、transduce、transduction、transductional、transference、transit、transition、transitional、translocate、translocation、transmission、transmit、transplant、transplantation、travel

「transition」

　　[★]

n.

(相の)転移、移行、推移、移行期、遷移、変遷、トランジション

関: dissemination、entry、immigration、metastases、metastasis、metastasize、shift、succession、transfer、transference、transit、transition state、transitional、transitional period、translocation、travel

「dissemination」

　　[★]

n.

播種、汎発、散在、転移、内転移

関: dispersed、disseminate、inoculate、inoculation、intersperse、interspersed、metastases、metastasis、metastasize、seed、sowing、transfer、transference、transition

「metastasize」

　　[★]

v.

転移する

関: dissemination、metastases、metastasis、transfer、transference、transition

[1] Kapelovitz, Leonard H. (1987). To Love and To Work/A Demonstration and Discussion of Psychotherapy. p. 66.

[2] Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (8th ed. 1976).

[3] Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language (2nd College Ed. 1970).

[4] Jung, Carl C. The Psychology of the Transference, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-01752-2

[soccogtrans-5] Andersen, S. M. & Berk., M. (1998). The social-cognitive model of transference: Experiencing past relationships in the present. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7(4), 109-115.

[6] "Michaels, S. G., & Aynesworth, H. (2000). Ted Bundy: Conversations with a killer. Dallas: Authorlink.

[7] Describing Ted Bundy’s Personality and Working towards DSM-V. Douglas B. Samuel and Thomas A. Widiger. Department of Psychology at the University of Kentucky.Independent Practitioner (2007), 27 (1), pp. 20–22.

[8] Freud, S. (1960). The ego and the id. J. Strachey (Ed.). (J. Riviere, Trans.). New York: W.W. Norton. (Original work published 1923)

[9] Erica Goode, 12/12/1996, New York Times, "On Gay Issue, Psychoanalysis treats itself" URL: http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/12/arts/on-gay-issue-psychoanalysis-treats-itself.html Accessed Oct 25,2013.

[10] Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (PFL 1) p. 496

[11] Horacio Etchegoyen: The Fundamentals of Psychoanalytic Technique, Karnac Books ed., New Ed, 2005, ISBN 1-85575-455-X

匿名

検索

案内

案内

transference