surrogate

• n.

• (～の)代理人、代行者。代用物。代理母(surrogate mother(for)
• (精神医学)親に代わる人

• vt.
• adj.

• (限)代わりの、代理の(substitute)

関

alternative、proxy、substitute、substitution

　 　

WordNet

1. someone who takes the place of another person (同)alternate, replacement
2. be a substitute; "The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague"; "The skim milk substitutes for cream--we are on a strict diet" (同)sub, stand in, fill_in
3. a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another (同)replacement
4. an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced (同)reserve, second-stringer
5. act as a substitute; "She stood in for the soprano who suffered from a cold" (同)deputize, deputise, step in
6. put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; "the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt"; "substitute regular milk with fat-free milk"; "synonyms can be interchanged without a changing the contexts meaning" (同)replace, interchange, exchange
7. pertaining to unconventional choices; "an alternative life style"
8. necessitating a choice between mutually exclusive possibilities; "alternative possibilities were neutrality or war"
9. a person authorized to act for another (同)placeholder, procurator
10. a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…の)代理人;代用品《+of(for)+名》 / 《米》(ある州での)遺言検認判事
2. (…の)『代りをする人(物)』,補欠(選手など),代用品《+for+名》 / …‘を'(…の)『代りに用いる』《+名+for+名》 / (…の)『代りをする』《+for+名》
3. (二つのうち)『どちらかを選ぶべき』,二者択一の / 代わりの / 反体制的な,現在の社会と違った価値体系を持った / 二つのものの一つを選ぶこと,二者択一 / (二者のうち)選ぶべき一方 / 代わりのもの;他にとりうる方法
4. 〈U〉(…の)代理,代理権;〈C〉代理人《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉委任状

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/25 22:24:32」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

A surrogate is a substitute or deputy for another person in a specific role and may refer to:

Relationships

• Surrogate pregnancy, an arrangement for a woman to carry and give birth to a child who will be raised by others
• Sexual surrogate, in sexual therapy
• Surrogate marriage, a custom in African culture

Economics

• Ersatz, an artificial replacement differing in kind from and inferior in quality to what it replaces.

Arts

• Author surrogate or audience surrogate, reciprocal literary techniques
• The Surrogates, a comic book series
• Surrogates (film), a 2009 film based on the comic book series
• The Surrogate (1984 film), a 1984 film starring Art Hindle
• The Surrogate (1995 film), a TV movie starring Alyssa Milano
• The Surrogate, original title of The Sessions, a 2012 film starring John Hawkes, Helen Hunt, and William H. Macy
• "Surro-Gate", an episode of the cartoon series American Dad!
• "The Surrogate" (The Outer Limits), an episode of the 1990s version of The Outer Limits series
• Surrogate Paintings, a series by American artist Allan McCollum

Science and technology

• Surrogate model, used in engineering design
• Surrogate endpoint, a measure of effect in clinical trials
• Surrogate key, a unique database identification key
• Surrogate proxy, a type of server network setup
• Surrogate character, any of a range of Unicode codepoints which are used in pairs in UTF-16 to represent characters beyond the Basic Multilingual Plane.
• Surrogate data testing, a technique for identifying possible nonlinearity in data.
• Surrogate, used in library science. Metadata is created to present information resources. The metadata services as the surrogate of stored information resources.
• Surrogate species, used in ecology and conservation biology to indicate a keystone, indicator, umbrella, sentinel, or flagship species.

Other uses

• Surrogate (clergy), a deputy of a bishop or ecclesiastical judge
• Surrogate Court, a court primarily concerned with the distribution of assets of a decedent
• Surrogate alcohol, a substance containing alcohol that is consumed, though it is not meant for human consumption

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 緩和ケアおよび終末期医療の法的側面 legal aspects in palliative and end of life care
• 2. 代理出産 surrogate pregnancy
• 3. アドバンス・ケア・プランニングおよび事前指示 advance care planning and advance directives
• 4. 下肢末梢動脈疾患の症状を治療するための試験的治療 investigational therapies for treating symptoms of lower extremity peripheral artery disease
• 5. 頸動脈内膜剥離術および頸動脈ステント留置術の麻酔 anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting

English Journal

• Differential detection of a surrogate biological threat agent (Bacillus globigii) with a portable surface plasmon resonance biosensor.

• Adducci BA1, Gruszewski HA1, Khatibi PA1, Schmale DG 3rd2.
• Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2016 Apr 15;78:160-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.032. Epub 2015 Nov 14.
• New methods and technology are needed to quickly and accurately detect potential biological warfare agents, such as Bacillus anthracis, causal agent of anthrax in humans and animals. Here, we report the detection of a simulant of B. anthracis (B. globigii) alone and in a mixture with a different spe
• PMID 26606307

• Determination of oral mucosal Poisson's ratio and coefficient of friction from in-vivo contact pressure measurements.

• Chen J1, Suenaga H2, Hogg M1, Li W1, Swain M3, Li Q1.
• Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2016 Mar;19(4):357-65. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1028925. Epub 2015 May 29.
• Despite their considerable importance to biomechanics, there are no existing methods available to directly measure apparent Poisson's ratio and friction coefficient of oral mucosa. This study aimed to develop an inverse procedure to determine these two biomechanical parameters by utilizing in vivo e
• PMID 26024011

• Comparison of species sensitivity distributions constructed with predicted acute toxicity data from interspecies correlation estimation models and measured acute data for Benzo[a]pyrene.

• Wu J1, Yan Z2, Yi X3, Lin Y1, Ni J1, Gao X4, Liu Z5, Shi X6.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2016 Feb;144:2183-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.099. Epub 2015 Nov 18.
• Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), which is toxic to aquatic organisms and has been widely detected in the environment. However, ecological risk assessment for BaP is hard to perform because of the absence of water quality criteria (WQC) and lack of toxicity da
• PMID 26595312

• Gene expression and metabolic responses of HepG2/C3A cells exposed to flame retardants and dust extracts at concentrations relevant to indoor environmental exposures.

• Zhang J1, Abou-Elwafa Abdallah M2, Williams TD1, Harrad S3, Chipman JK1, Viant MR4.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2016 Feb;144:1996-2003. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.014. Epub 2015 Nov 11.
• Humans are routinely exposed to mixtures of flame retardants (FRs) from multiple sources including indoor dust. As a model to explore the potential effects of FR exposure from indoor dust on human health, the molecular responses of human hepatoma cells (HepG2/C3A cells) to a defined mixture of FRs a
• PMID 26551197

Japanese Journal

• 高齢者の胃瘻増設を代理意思決定した家族に対して看護師が行っている支援

• 加々美 莉帆,徳永 友里,小山 ひろ子,渡邊 桂子,古江 和美,千葉 由美
• 横浜看護学雑誌 8(1), 20-27, 2015-03-31
• NAID 110009889881

• policy forum 意思決定能力を欠く血液透析患者に関する倫理的な課題 : 行動の問題、代理意思決定者および終末期状況

• Feely Molly A.,Albright Robert C.,Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg [他]
• Kidney international selections : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology 13(1), 4-10, 2015
• NAID 40020341634

• High Level of von Willebrand Factor in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Predicted Cardiovascular Ischemic Events After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

• , , ,
• International Heart Journal advpub(0), 2015
• … The area under the ROC curve in diagnosing adverse events was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.867~0.987) with 96.6% sensitivity and 58.6% specificity when the cut-off value of vWF: Ag was 233% at postoperative day 30.The changing characteristics of plasma vWF: Ag sensitively reflect the degree of vascular endothelial injury of OP-CAB patients and might serve as a surrogate marker of the adverse event of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. …
• NAID 130005066399

• Elevated Concentration of Interferon-Inducible Protein of 10 kD (IP-10) Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis

• , , , , , , , , ,
• International Heart Journal advpub(0), 2015
• … This study suggests that IP-10 is a good surrogate marker of coronary atherosclerosis. …
• NAID 130005066386

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• surrogateの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

surrogate 【他動】～を代理にする 【名】 代理人、代行人 《医》代理母 【同】... - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「substitute」「代替」「alternative」「代理」「proxy」
拡張検索	「surrogate end point」「surrogate marker」

「substitute」

　　[★]

• v.

• 置換する、代わる、

• n.

• 代理、代わり

• adj.

• 代理の

関

alternatively、displace、displacement、in place of、instead、proxy、replace、replacement、substitution、substitutional、surrogate

　 　 　 　 　 　

「代替」

　　[★]

英

substitution、alternative、surrogate

関

オルターナティブ、代替物、代理、置換、別、二者択一、アルタナティブ、サロゲート、代用、オルタナティブ

「alternative」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 代替の、二者択一の、別の、オルタナティブな、アルタナティブな

• n.

• 代替物

関

alternatively、alternatives、otherwise、substitution、surrogate

　 　 　

「代理」

　　[★]

英

substitute、surrogate、proxy、substitute、surrogate

関

代わり、代わる、代替、代理権、置換、サロゲート、代用

「proxy」

　　[★]

• n.

• 代理、代理権

関

substitute、surrogate

　 　 　

「surrogate end point」

　　[★]

代替エンドポイント、サロゲートエンドポイント

関

biochemical marker、biologic marker、biological marker、biomarker、clinical marker、immune marker、immunologic marker、serum marker、surrogate endpoint、surrogate marker

「surrogate marker」

　　[★]

• 代替マーカー、代用マーカー

関

biochemical marker、biologic marker、biological marker、biomarker、clinical marker、immune marker、immunologic marker、serum marker、surrogate end point、surrogate endpoint