同: SCFAs

WordNet

without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold; "he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash"
the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
low in stature; not tall; "he was short and stocky"; "short in stature"; "a short smokestack"; "a little man" (同)little
lacking foresight or scope; "a short view of the problem"; "shortsighted policies"; "shortsighted critics derided the plan"; "myopic thinking" (同)shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic
at a disadvantage; "I was caught short" (同)unawares
(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length; "short skirts"; "short hair"; "the board was a foot short"; "a short toss"
at some point or distance before a goal is reached; "he fell short of our expectations"
clean across; "the cars axle snapped short"
not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices; "a short sale"; "short in cotton"
of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration; "the English vowel sounds in `pat, `pet, `pit, `pot, putt are short"
primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration; "a short life"; "a short flight"; "a short holiday"; "a short story"; "only a few short months"
so as to interrupt; "She took him up short before he could continue"
tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening; "shortbread is a short crumbly cookie"; "a short flaky pie crust"
fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
a unit of length
a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
anything that acts as a restraint
(chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
(business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
connect or arrange into a chain by linking
having an (over)abundance of flesh; "he hadnt remembered how fat she was"
a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
marked by great fruitfulness; "fertile farmland"; "a fat land"; "a productive vineyard"; "rich soil" (同)fertile, productive, rich
lucrative; "a juicy contract"; "a nice fat job" (同)juicy
having a relatively large diameter; "a fat rope"
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
containing or composed of fat; "fatty food"; "fat tissue" (同)fat

PrepTutorEJDIC

(長さ・時間・距離などが)『短い』,近い・(人が)『背が低い』・(数量・期間などが)不足の』,乏しい;目標(標準)に達しない・(文などが)『簡潔な』,手短な・『そっけない』,ぞんぞいな,無愛想な・(ケーキなどが)かりかりする,さくさくする・(母音・音節が)短い;(詩の行の母音が)強勢のない・急に,突然・短いもの;欠けているもの・短篇映画(short movie, short subject) ・=short circuit・《複数形で》不足,欠損 / …‘を'短絡させる,ショートさせる / 短絡する,ショートする
『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》
『脂肪』,脂肪分 / (動物の)あぶら身 / (料理用の)油,ヘット / 肥満,太り過ぎ / 『太った』,肥満した / 『脂肪の多い』 / たっぷりとはいった,分厚い / もうかる / (土地が)肥えた / …‘を'太らせる / ふとる,肥える
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
脂肪質の,脂肪の多い / でぶ,太っちょ

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English Journal

Effect of high pressure high temperature processing on the volatile fraction of differently coloured carrots.

Kebede BT1, Grauwet T2, Palmers S2, Vervoort L2, Carle R3, Hendrickx M2, Van Loey A4.Author information 1Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Electronic address: BiniamTamiru.Kebede@biw.kuleuven.be.2Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.3Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.4Laboratory of Food Technology, Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22 Box 2457, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Electronic address: ann.vanloey@biw.kuleuven.be.AbstractTo get deeper insight into the effect of high pressure high temperature (HPHT) processing on the volatile fraction of carrots, differently coloured cultivars exhibiting orange, purple, red and yellow hues were investigated. The impact of HPHT sterilisation was compared with thermal sterilisation based on equivalent microbiological inactivation. The results of this study demonstrated HPHT sterilisation to exert a distinct effect on important chemical reactions in comparison to thermal sterilisation. A comprehensive integration of MS-based metabolomic fingerprinting (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and chemometric tools has been implemented as an untargeted multivariate screening tool to identify differences. In all carrot cultivars, two dominant discriminative quality-related reactions were found: oxidative degradation and the Maillard reaction. Regarding the first reaction, oxidative terpenes, free fatty acids and carotenoids degradation products were detected at higher levels after HPHT sterilisation. Regarding the latter reaction, HPHT sterilisation appeared to suppress the formation of Maillard and Strecker degradation products.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jun 15;153:340-52. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.061. Epub 2013 Dec 21.
To get deeper insight into the effect of high pressure high temperature (HPHT) processing on the volatile fraction of carrots, differently coloured cultivars exhibiting orange, purple, red and yellow hues were investigated. The impact of HPHT sterilisation was compared with thermal sterilisation bas
PMID 24491739

Propionic acid and its esterified derivative suppress the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300.

Wang Y1, Dai A1, Huang S2, Kuo S1, Shu M1, Tapia CP3, Yu J4, Two A1, Zhang H5, Gallo RL1, Huang CM6.Author information 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.2Surface Bioadvances, Inc., 674 Via De La Valle, Solana Beach, CA 92075, USA.3Programa de Microbiología y Micologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, 8380453 Santiago, Chile.4Sanford-Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.5BroadPharm, Inc., 9380 Waples Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.6Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA Moores Cancer Center, University of California, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.AbstractPreviously, we demonstrated that Propionibacterium acnes, a human skin commensal bacterium, ferments glycerol into short-chain fatty acids, including propionic acid. Propionic acid suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus USA300, a community-acquired methicillin-resistant bacterium, in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it is demonstrated that the anti-USA300 activity of propionic acid persisted after buffering the acid with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1- piperazineethanesulfonic acid. This suggests that the growth suppression of USA300 mainly resulted from the antimicrobial activity of propionic acid per se and not from the acidity of the medium. In addition, proprionic acid significantly reduced the intracellular pH of USA300 and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. P. acnes showed a higher tolerance to propionic acid. Next, an esterified derivative of propionic acid was synthesised. Propionic acid and the esterified derivative were equivalent in their efficacy to suppress the growth of USA300 in vitro. The esterified derivative thus provides an alternative to propionic acid as an antimicrobial agent against S. aureus.
Beneficial microbes.Benef Microbes.2014 Jun 1;5(2):161-8. doi: 10.3920/BM2013.0031.
Previously, we demonstrated that Propionibacterium acnes, a human skin commensal bacterium, ferments glycerol into short-chain fatty acids, including propionic acid. Propionic acid suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus USA300, a community-acquired methicillin-resistant bacterium, in vitro a
PMID 24686580

Bacterial skin commensals and their role as host guardians.

Christensen GJ, Brüggemann H.Author information Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.AbstractRecent years' investigations of the co-evolution and functional integration of the human body and its commensal microbiota have disclosed that the microbiome has a major impact on physiological functions including protection against infections, reaction patterns in the immune system, and disposition for inflammation-mediated diseases. Two ubiquitous members of the skin microbiota, the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, are predominant on human epithelia and in sebaceous follicles, respectively. Their successful colonisation is a result of a commensal or even mutualistic lifestyle, favouring traits conferring persistency over aggressive host-damaging properties. Some bacterial properties suggest an alliance with the host to keep transient, potential pathogens at bay, such as the ability of S. epidermidis to produce antimicrobials, or the production of short-chain fatty acids by P. acnes. These features can function together with host-derived components of the innate host defence to establish and maintain the composition of a health-associated skin microbiota. However, depending largely on the host status, the relationship between the human host and S. epidermidis/P. acnes can also have parasitic features. Both microorganisms are frequently isolated from opportunistic infections. S. epidermidis is a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections, mostly associated with the use of medical devices. P. acnes is suspected to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of acne and also in a number of other opportunistic infections. In this review we will present bacterial factors and traits of these two key members of our skin microbiota and discuss how they contribute to mutualistic and parasitic properties. The elucidation of their roles in health-promoting or disease-causing processes could lead to new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against skin disorders and other S. epidermidis/P. acnes-associated diseases, and increase our understanding of the delicate interplay of the skin microbiota with the human host.
Beneficial microbes.Benef Microbes.2014 Jun 1;5(2):201-15. doi: 10.3920/BM2012.0062.
Recent years' investigations of the co-evolution and functional integration of the human body and its commensal microbiota have disclosed that the microbiome has a major impact on physiological functions including protection against infections, reaction patterns in the immune system, and disposition
PMID 24322878

Japanese Journal

Survival of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in the intestines of healthy Chinese adults

Wang Ran,Chen Shanbin,Jin Junhua [他]
Microbiology and immunology 59(5), 268-276, 2015-05
NAID 40020479134

第80回東京女子医科大学学会総会シンポジウム「東京女子医大小児医療の最前線!-"なおらない"から"なおる"へ-」Part 1 (6)腸内細菌とこどもの病気

永田智
東京女子医科大学雑誌 85(2), 55-62, 2015-04-25
ヒトの腸管には、人体を構成する全細胞数をも凌ぐ実に100兆もの腸内細菌が棲息し、バランスを保ちながらヒトと共生関係を保っている。このバランスが乱れて、有害菌が多い腸内環境になってしまうと、便秘や下痢、各種感染症、アレルギーなどを起こしやすくなってくるといわれている。LactbacillusやBifidobacteriumのように、腸内細菌のバランスを改善することにより、宿主に有益な作用をもたらす生 …
NAID 110009900093