WordNet

set the speed, duration, or execution of; "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely"
a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something; "take time to smell the roses"; "I didnt have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
a suitable moment; "it is time to go"
adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time; "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"
regulate or set the time of; "time the clock"
the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip" (同)clip
a persons experience on a particular occasion; "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
assign a time for an activity or event; "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene"
of, relating to, or representing an amount that is corrected for inflation; "real prices"; "real income"; "real wages"
an old small silver Spanish coin
the basic unit of money in Brazil; equal to 100 centavos
being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory; "real objects"; "real people; not ghosts"; "a film based on real life"; "a real illness"; "real humility"; "Life is real! Life is earnest!"- Longfellow (同)existent
capable of being treated as fact; "tangible evidence"; "his brief time as Prime Minister brought few real benefits to the poor" (同)tangible
(of property) fixed or immovable; "real property consists of land and buildings"
no less than what is stated; worthy of the name; "the real reason"; "real war"; "a real friend"; "a real woman"; "meat and potatoes--I call that a real meal"; "its time he had a real job"; "its no penny-ante job--hes making real money"
not to be taken lightly; "statistics demonstrate that poverty and unemployment are very real problems"; "to the man sleeping regularly in doorways homelessness is real"
relating to the measurement of quantity; "quantitative studies"
(of verse) having a metric system based on relative duration of syllables; "in typical Greek and Latin verse of the classical period the rhymic system is based on some arrangement of long and short elements"
expressible as a quantity or relating to or susceptible of measurement; "export wheat without quantitative limitations"; "quantitative analysis determines the amounts and proportions of the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture"
shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii (同)Cordyline terminalis
the syllable naming the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization (同)te, si
the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics)
the time when something happens

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉《冠詞をつけずに》(空間に対しての)『時間』,時 / 〈U〉(時計で示される)『時刻』 / 〈U〉(ある方式で決められる)『時間』,標準時 / 〈C〉〈U〉(特定の)『時』,おり,ころ / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある長さの)『時間』,期間 / 〈U〉(要する)『時間』;暇 / 《しばしば複数形で》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 《複数形で》時勢,景気 / 《one's ~》(個人の)一生;若いころ;生涯の特定の時期 / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》(ある経験をした)『時間』 / 〈C〉『…回』,度 / 〈C〉『…倍』 / …の時間を定める / (…に)…の調子を合わせる《+名+to+名》 / …の時間を計る
(想像でなく)『現実の』,実際の,真実の / (まがいものでなく)『本物の』 / 不動産の / ほんとうに,とても(very)
量の,量的な
シ(全音階の第7音)
時間の調節;時間を測定[記録]すること

UpToDate Contents

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1. Tools for genetics and genomics: Polymerase chain reaction
2. 急性リンパ芽球性白血病における微小残存病変の検出 detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
3. 成人におけるフィラデルフィア染色体陽性急性リンパ芽球性白血病に対する導入療法 induction therapy for philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults
4. 慢性リンパ性白血病の治療による奏効の評価 evaluating response to treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
5. 急性骨髄性白血病における寛解基準および残存病変のモニタリング remission criteria in acute myeloid leukemia and monitoring for residual disease

English Journal

Low-dose gold nanoparticles exert subtle endocrine-modulating effects on the ovarian steroidogenic pathway ex vivo independent of oxidative stress.

Larson JK1, Carvan MJ 3rd, Teeguarden JG, Watanabe G, Taya K, Krystofiak E, Hutz RJ.Author information 1University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Biological Sciences , Milwaukee, WI , USA.AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained considerable attention for application in science and industry. However, the untoward effects of such particles on female fertility remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the effects of 10-nm GNPs on progesterone and estradiol-17β accumulation by rat ovaries ex vivo and (2) to identify the locus/loci whereby GNPs modulate steroidogenesis via multiple-reference gene quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between both Star (p < 0.05, r(2) = 0.278) and Cyp11a1 (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.366) expression and P4 accumulation upon exposure to 1.43 × 10(6) GNPs/mL. Additional analyses showed that E2 accumulation was positively associated with Hsd3b1 (p < 0.05, r(2) = 0.181) and Cyp17a1 (p < 0.01, r(2) = 0.301) expression upon exposure to 1.43 × 1(3) and 1.43 × 10(9) GNPs/mL, respectively. These results suggest a subtle treatment-dependent impact of low-dose GNPs on the relationship between progesterone or estradiol-17β and specific steroidogenic target genes, independent of oxidative stress or inhibin.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8(8):856-66. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.837208.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained considerable attention for application in science and industry. However, the untoward effects of such particles on female fertility remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the effects of 10-nm GNPs on progesterone and estradiol-17β accu
PMID 23992423

Development of an ultrasensitive aptasensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1.

Guo X1, Wen F2, Zheng N3, Luo Q4, Wang H2, Wang H2, Li S2, Wang J5.Author information 1Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830000, PR China; Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing 100193, PR China.2Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing 100193, PR China.3Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China. Electronic address: wangjiaqinmqc@126.com.4College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830000, PR China.5Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Ministry of Agriculture-Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center (Beijing), Beijing 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.AbstractContamination of feed and food by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most toxic of the mycotoxins, is a global concern. To prevent food safety scares, and avoid subsequent economic losses due to the recall of contaminated items, methods for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of AFB1 at trace levels are much in demand. In this work, a simple, ultrasensitive, and reliable aptasensor is described for the detection of AFB1. An AFB1 aptamer was used as a molecular recognition probe, while its complementary DNA played a role as a signal generator for amplification by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Under optimal conditions, a wide linear detection range (5.0×10(-5) to 5.0ngmL(-1)) was achieved, with a high sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD)=25fgmL(-1)). In addition, the proposed aptasensor exhibited excellent specificity for AFB1 compared with eight other mycotoxins, with no obvious Ct value change. This aptasensor can also be used in quantifying AFB1 levels in Chinese wildrye hay samples and infant rice cereal samples, demonstrating satisfactory recoveries in the range of 88-127% and 94-119%, respectively. This detection technique has a significant potential for high-throughput, quantitative determination of mycotoxin levels in a large range of feeds and foods.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jun 15;56:340-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.045. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
Contamination of feed and food by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most toxic of the mycotoxins, is a global concern. To prevent food safety scares, and avoid subsequent economic losses due to the recall of contaminated items, methods for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of AFB1 at trace l
PMID 24549114

Neurodegeneration-associated instability of ribosomal DNA.

Hallgren J1, Pietrzak M2, Rempala G3, Nelson PT4, Hetman M5.Author information 1Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.2Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.3Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.4Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, USA.5Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. Electronic address: michal.hetman@louisville.edu.AbstractHomologous recombination (HR)-mediated instability of the repetitively organized ribosomal DNA (rDNA) has been proposed as a mediator of cell senescence in yeast triggering the DNA damage response. High individual variability in the content of human rDNA suggests that this genomic region remained relatively unstable throughout evolution. Therefore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genomic content of rDNA in post mortem samples of parietal cortex from 14 young and 9 elderly individuals with no diagnosis of a chronic neurodegenerative/neurological disease. In addition, rDNA content in that brain region was compared between 10 age-matched control individuals and 10 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) which involves neurodegeneration of the cerebral cortex. Probing rRNA-coding regions of rDNA revealed no effects of aging on the rDNA content. Elevated rDNA content was observed in DLB. Conversely, in the DLB pathology-free cerebellum, lower genomic content of rDNA was present in the DLB group. In the parietal cortex, such a DLB-associated instability of rDNA was not accompanied by any major changes of cytosine-phosphate-guanine methylation of the rDNA promoter. As increased cerebro-cortical rDNA content was previously reported in Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration appears to be associated with instability of rDNA. The hypothetical origins and consequences of this phenomenon are discussed including possibilities that the DNA damage-induced recombination destabilizes rDNA and that differential content of rDNA affects heterochromatin formation, gene expression and/or DNA damage response. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Role of the Nucleolus in Human Disease.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Jun;1842(6):860-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.012. Epub 2014 Jan 2.
Homologous recombination (HR)-mediated instability of the repetitively organized ribosomal DNA (rDNA) has been proposed as a mediator of cell senescence in yeast triggering the DNA damage response. High individual variability in the content of human rDNA suggests that this genomic region remained re
PMID 24389328