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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/26 21:31:19」(JST)

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Pyrantel is an antinematodal thiophene. It is often prescribed by veterinarians to treat and prevent the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small animal pets.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system.^[1]

Mechanism of action

Pyrantel is a nicotinic receptor agonist.^[2]^[3] Like levamisole and the related pyrimidine morantel, it can elicit spastic muscle paralysis in parasitic worms due to prolonged activation of the excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors on body wall muscle. This has been studied in body wall muscle preparation of the parasitic nematode Ascaris.^[4]

References

^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^ Aceves, J., Erlij, D., and Martinez-Maranon, R. (1970). The mechanism of the paralysing action of tetramisole on Ascaris somatic muscle. Br. J. Pharmacol. 38, 602–607.
^ Aubry, M.L., Cowell, P., Davey, M.J., and Shevde, S. (1970). Aspects of the pharmacology of a new anthelmintic: pyrantel. Br. J. Pharmacol. 38, 332–344.
^ Martin, R.J., Verma, S., Levandoski, M., Clark, C.L., Qian, H., Stewart, M., and Robertson, A.P. (2005). Drug resistance and neurotransmitter receptors of nematodes: recent studies on the mode of action of levamisole. Parasitology 131, S71–S84.

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1. 駆虫薬療法 anthelminthic therapies
2. 蟯虫症および鞭虫症 enterobiasis and trichuriasis
3. 回虫症 ascariasis
4. 鉤虫感染 hookworm infection
5. その他の線虫 miscellaneous nematodes

English Journal

Functional genomics in Brugia malayi reveal diverse muscle nAChRs and differences between cholinergic anthelmintics.

Verma S1, Kashyap SS1, Robertson AP1, Martin RJ2.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2017 May 23;114(21):5539-5544. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1619820114. Epub 2017 May 9.
PMID 28487481

An in vitro larval migration assay for assessing anthelmintic activity of different drug classes against Ascaris suum.

Zhao J1, Williams AR2, Hansen TVA2, Thamsborg SM2, Cai J3, Song S4, Chen G5, Kang M5, Zhang Z6, Liu Q7, Han Q8.
Veterinary parasitology.Vet Parasitol.2017 Apr 30;238:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.014. Epub 2017 Mar 18.
PMID 28342672

Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs.

Moron-Soto M1, Gutierrez L2, Sumano H2, Tapia G3, Alcala-Canto Y4.
Parasites & vectors.Parasit Vectors.2017 Jan 31;10(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-1998-7.
PMID 28143543

Japanese Journal

駆虫剤の経皮経肝的胆嚢内注入が有用であった胆嚢内回虫迷入症の1例

生田修三,水口泰宏,辻雄一郎,塚本咲貴子,大場信之,西中川秀太,児島辰也
日本消化器病學會雜誌 = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology 107(5), 768-774, 2010-05-05
症例は40歳代男性．主訴は上腹部痛．頻回の海外渡航歴があった．腹部超音波検査上inner tube signを認めたため，胆嚢内回虫迷入症と診断した．駆虫剤の経皮経肝的胆嚢内注入により死虫となり，その後排泄された．本治療法は手術療法と比べ非侵襲的であり，有用な駆虫療法になり得る．回虫症は，有機栽培や海外渡航の増加により再燃傾向にあるため，上腹部痛の鑑別疾患として本症を念頭に置く必要がある．
NAID 10026417478

駆虫薬Pyrantel Pamoate(ソルビーシロップ)を用いた馬線虫駆虫プログラムの評価

黒澤隆,入來俊久,角田修男 [他]
家畜衛生学雑誌 33(2), 47-50, 2007-09
NAID 40015670660

「駆虫薬」

Pyrantel
Names
	IUPAC name 1-Methyl-2-[(E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrimidine
Identifiers
CAS Number	15686-83-6
ChEBI	CHEBI:8654
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1626223
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
KEGG	D08451
MeSH	Pyrantel
PubChem	708857
UNII	4QIH0N49E7
	SMILES CN1CCCN=C1C=CC2=CC=CS2 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C11H14N2S
Molar mass	206.31 g/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	P02CC01 (WHO) QP52AF02 (WHO)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: anthelmintic, anthelmintics
ラ: anthelmintica
関

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthelmintic

antiplatyhelmintic agents	Antitrematodals (schistosomicides)	binds tubulin	benzimidazole (Triclabendazole#)
		acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	phosphonic acid (metrifonate)
		Other/unknown	quinoline (praziquantel#, oxamniquine#) · phenol (bithionol) · thiazole ([[niridazole]) · arylsulfonate (stibophen)
	anticestodals (taeniacides)	binds tubulin	benzimidazole (albendazole#)
	anticestodals (taeniacides)	Other/unknown	salicylanilide (niclosamide)# · aminoacridine (quinacrine) · butyrophenone (desaspidin) · chlorophenol (dichlorophen)
antinematodal agents (macrofilaricides)		binds tubulin	benzimidazole (mebendazole#, thiabendazole, albendazole#, fenbendazole, ciclobendazole, flubendazole)
		chloride channel	macrolide (ivermectin#)
		NMDA	tetrahydropyrimidine (pyrantel#, pyrantel pamoate, oxantel)
		Other/unknown	piperazine (piperazine · diethylcarbamazine#) · thiazole (levamisole#) · quinolinium (pyrvinium) · benzylammonium (bephenium) · naphthalenesulfonate (suramin#) · tribendimidine