WordNet

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
of or relating to or consisting of muscle; "muscular contraction"
having or suggesting great physical power or force; "the muscular and passionate Fifth Symphony"
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological

PrepTutorEJDIC

(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
『助肉の』,筋肉でできた / 筋肉による / 筋肉の発達した
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/17 23:49:03」(JST)

wiki en

Myopathy is a muscular disease^[1] in which the muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in muscular weakness. "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease (myo- Greek μυο "muscle" + pathos -pathy Greek "suffering"). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain etc.). Muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasm can also be associated with myopathy.

Capture Myopathy, or Shock Disease, is a little-studied condition observed in wild animals such as hares and birds that have been captured or handled.^{[citation needed]} The condition is usually lethal and stress has been identified as the single most determining factor, exacerbated by muscle exertion.^{[citation needed]}

Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature. Some conditions, such as myositis, can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal.

Signs and symptoms

Common muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness, and tetany.

Systemic diseases

Myopathies in systemic disease results from several different disease processes including endocrine, inflammatory, paraneoplastic, infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, critical illness myopathy, metabolic, collagen related,^[2] and myopathies with other systemic disorders. Patients with systemic myopathies often present acutely or sub acutely. On the other hand, familial myopathies or dystrophies generally present in a chronic fashion with exceptions of metabolic myopathies where symptoms on occasion can be precipitated acutely. Most of the inflammatory myopathies can have a chance association with malignant lesions; the incidence appears to be specifically increased only in patients with dermatomyositis.^[3]

There are many types of myopathy. ICD-10 codes are provided here where available.

Inherited forms

(G71.0) Dystrophies (or muscular dystrophies) are a subgroup of myopathies characterized by muscle degeneration and regeneration. Clinically, muscular dystrophies are typically progressive, because the muscles' ability to regenerate is eventually lost, leading to progressive weakness, often leading to use of a wheelchair, and eventually death, usually related to respiratory weakness.
(G71.1) Myotonia
- Neuromyotonia
(G71.2) The congenital myopathies do not show evidence for either a progressive dystrophic process (i.e., muscle death) or inflammation, but instead characteristic microscopic changes are seen in association with reduced contractile ability of the muscles. Congenital myopathies include, but are not limited to:
- (G71.2) nemaline myopathy (characterized by presence of "nemaline rods" in the muscle),
- (G71.2) multi/minicore myopathy (characterized by multiple small "cores" or areas of disruption in the muscle fibers),
- (G71.2) centronuclear myopathy (or myotubular myopathy) (in which the nuclei are abnormally found in the center of the muscle fibers), a rare muscle wasting disorder
(G71.3) Mitochondrial myopathies, which are due to defects in mitochondria, which provide a critical source of energy for muscle
(G72.3) Familial periodic paralysis
(G72.4) Inflammatory myopathies, which are caused by problems with the immune system attacking components of the muscle, leading to signs of inflammation in the muscle
(G73.6) Metabolic myopathies, which result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle
- (G73.6/E74.0) Glycogen storage diseases, which may affect muscle
- (G73.6/E75) Lipid storage disorder

Acquired

(G72.0 - G72.2) External substance induced myopathy
- (G72.0) Drug-induced myopathy
  - Glucocorticoid myopathy is caused by this class of steroids increasing the breakdown of the muscle proteins leading to muscle atrophy.^[4]
- (G72.1) Alcoholic myopathy
- (G72.2) Myopathy due to other toxic agents
(M33.0-M33.1)
- Dermatomyositis produces muscle weakness and skin changes. The skin rash is reddish and most commonly occurs on the face, especially around the eyes, and over the knuckles and elbows. Ragged nail folds with visible capillaries can be present. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. (M33.2)
- Polymyositis produces muscle weaknesss. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.
- Inclusion body myositis is a slowly progressive disease that produces weakness of hand grip and straightening of the knees. No effective treatment is known.
(M61) Myositis ossificans
(M62.89) Rhabdomyolysis and (R82.1) myoglobinurias

The Food and Drug Administration is recommending that physicians restrict prescribing high-dose Simvastatin (Zocor, Merck) to patients, given an increased risk of muscle damage. The FDA drug safety communication stated that physicians should limit using the 80-mg dose unless the patient has already been taking the drug for 12 months and there is no evidence of myopathy. "Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients, including patients already taking lower doses of the drug," the agency states.

Differential diagnosis

Myopathies presenting at birth:- None as systemic causes; mainly hereditary

Myopathies presenting in childhood:-

Inflammatory myopathies – dermatomyositis, polymyositis (rarely)

Infectious myopathies

Endocrine and metabolic disorders – hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia

Myopathies presenting in adulthood^[5]

Inflammatory myopathies – polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, viral (HIV)

Infectious myopathies

Endocrine myopathies – thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary disorders

Toxic myopathies – alcohol, corticosteroids, narcotics, colchicines, chloroquine

Critical illness myopathy

Metabolic myopathies

Paraneoplastic myopathy

Treatments

Because different types of myopathies are caused by many different pathways, there is no single treatment for myopathy. Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause-targeting treatments. Drug therapy, physical therapy, bracing for support, surgery, and massage are all current treatments for a variety of myopathies.

References

^ "Myopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary".
^ Template:Name = Voermans NC1, van Alfen N, Pillen S, Lammens M, Schalkwijk J, Zwarts MJ, van Rooij IA, Hamel BC, van Engelen BG.
^ Chawla, Jasvinder (2011). "Stepwise Approach to Myopathy in Systemic Disease". Frontiers in Neurology. Front Neurol. 2011; 2: 49. 2: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.
^ Seene T (July 1994). "Turnover of skeletal muscle contractile proteins in glucocorticoid myopathy". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 50 (1–2): 1–4. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90165-1. PMID 8049126.
^ Chawla, Myopathy (2011). "Systemic Myopathy". Frontiers in Neurology. 2: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Myopathy with Deficiency of ISCU
See http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/ for medical descriptions.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 末梢神経疾患および筋疾患の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve and muscle disease
2. 脊髄性筋萎縮症 spinal muscular atrophy
3. 慢性腎疾患を有する小児における成長障害の病因、評価および診断 pathogenesis evaluation and diagnosis of growth impairment in children with chronic kidney disease
4. デュシェンヌ型およびベッカー型筋ジストロフィーの臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of duchenne and becker muscular dystrophy
5. 顔面肩甲上腕型、眼咽頭筋型、および遠位型先天性筋ジストロフィー facioscapulohumeral oculopharyngeal distal and congenital muscular dystrophies

English Journal

FUS is not dysregulated by the spinal bulbar muscular atrophy androgen receptor polyglutamine repeat expansion.

Fratta P, Malik B, Gray A, La Spada AR, Hanna MG, Fisher EM, Greensmith L.SourceDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. p.fratta@prion.ucl.ac.uk
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2013 May;34(5):1516.e17-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.09.008. Epub 2012 Oct 9.
Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are two distinct forms of motor neuron disease with different genetic causes, pathology, and clinical course. However, both disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of lower motor neurons and by a similar protective r
PMID 23062703

Molecular analysis of SMN1, SMN2, NAIP, GTF2H2, and H4F5 genes in 157 Chinese patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

He J, Zhang QJ, Lin QF, Chen YF, Lin XZ, Lin MT, Murong SX, Wang N, Chen WJ.SourceDepartment of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, China.
Gene.Gene.2013 Apr 15;518(2):325-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.109. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common and lethal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by mutations of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Additionally, the phenotype is modified by several genes nearby SMN1 in the 5q13 region. In this study, we analyzed mutations
PMID 23352792

Response evaluation of musculoskeletal involvement in patients with deep morphea treated with methotrexate and prednisolone: a combined MRI and clinical approach.

Schanz S, Henes J, Ulmer A, Kötter I, Fierlbeck G, Claussen CD, Horger M.Source1 Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
AJR. American journal of roentgenology.AJR Am J Roentgenol.2013 Apr;200(4):W376-82. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9335.
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of MRI in monitoring musculoskeletal involvement in patients with morphea who are undergoing treatment with methotrexate and prednisolone. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty-two consecutive patients (six men and 16 women; median age, 52 years)
PMID 23521481

Japanese Journal

横行結腸憩室穿通による腸間膜膿瘍に対して手術を施行した２症例

前田直見,近藤秀則
岡山医学会雑誌 125(3), 235-238, 2013-12-02
… We encountered 2 cases of penetration of fecal matter through a diverticulum of the transverse colon, which is a rare disease. … Tenderness and muscular defense were found in the upper abdomen. … Muscular defense and rebound tenderness were found in the lower abdomen. …
NAID 120005357039

球脊髄性筋萎縮症に対するdisease-modifying therapy (第1土曜特集神経変性疾患 : 研究と診療の進歩) -- (神経変性疾患の治療の新しい展開)

鈴木啓介,勝野雅央,祖父江元
医学のあゆみ 247(5), 479-485, 2013-11-02
NAID 40019848725

iPS細胞の基礎と応用(第5回)iPS細胞を使う : 骨格筋の研究へ

竹中菜々,櫻井英俊
整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 64(11), 1221-1223, 2013-10
NAID 40019810521

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「筋疾患」「muscle disorder」
関連記事	「disease」「muscular」

「筋疾患」

Myopathy
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Rheumatology
ICD-10	G71-G72, M60-M63
ICD-9-CM	359.4-359.9, 728-728
DiseasesDB	8723
eMedicine	emerg/328
Patient UK	Myopathy
MeSH	D009135
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: myopathy, muscular disease, muscular disorder
同: ミオパシー、ミオパチー、筋原性疾患、筋症
関: 筋萎縮

神経系 091125IV

筋疾患と神経疾患

	筋疾患	神経疾患
	myopathy	neuropathy
筋力低下	近位筋優位	遠位筋優位

筋疾患と末梢神経疾患の鑑別

	神経原性	筋原性
	下位運動ニューロン障害	筋原性
筋萎縮	遠位筋中心	近位筋中心
線維束性攣縮	あり	なし
筋電図	高振幅	低振幅
	long duration	short duration
	giant spike
	(代償的な筋線維の興奮)
筋逸脱酵素	ー	CK↑
筋生検	群性萎縮(小角化線維)	孤発性萎縮(筋線維の大小不同、中心核の増加)
疾患	ALS	筋ジストロフィー
疾患	SPMA	多発性筋炎

分類

遺伝性	遺伝性ミオパチー	筋ジストロフィー
遺伝性	遺伝性ミオパチー	ミトコンドリアミオパチー
非遺伝性	外因性筋障害	ステロイドミオパチー
		crush syndrome
		ischemia
	炎症性ミオパチー	多発筋炎・皮膚筋炎
	内分泌性・代謝疾患性	甲状腺機能低下症
		低カリウム性ミオパチー
		アルコール性ミオパチー
	その他

検査

SOR.356

血液検査：

血液生化学：筋逸脱酵素(クレアチンキナーゼ、アルドラーゼ、LDH)

筋電図：筋原性変化(低電位差、低振幅波、多相性)
筋生検：筋線維の大小不同、壊死繊維、再生像、細胞浸潤など
MRI：T2で高信号の変化が見られるものがある(皮膚筋炎)

「muscle disorder」

　　[★]

筋障害

関: muscle injury、muscular disease、myopathic、myopathy

「disease」

　　[★]

n.

疾患：illnessより厳密な概念。「ある臓器に明確な障害が確認され、それによって症状が出ているとはっきり説明できる場合」 (PSY.9)

特定の原因、病態生理、症状、経過、予後、病理組織所見が全てそろった場合 (PSY.9)

something that is very wrong with people's attitudes, way of life or with society.

関: ail、ailment、disease entity、disorder、ill、illness、malady、sick、sickness

注意

disease ≠ illness ≠ disorder

「muscular」

　　[★]

adj.

筋肉の、筋の

関: muscle、muscularis、musculus、myo

[urlMyopathy_-_Definition_from_the_Merriam-Webster_Online_Dictionary-1] "Myopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary".

[2] Template:Name = Voermans NC1, van Alfen N, Pillen S, Lammens M, Schalkwijk J, Zwarts MJ, van Rooij IA, Hamel BC, van Engelen BG.

[3] Chawla, Jasvinder (2011). "Stepwise Approach to Myopathy in Systemic Disease". Frontiers in Neurology. Front Neurol. 2011; 2: 49. 2: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.

[pmid8049126-4] Seene T (July 1994). "Turnover of skeletal muscle contractile proteins in glucocorticoid myopathy". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 50 (1–2): 1–4. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90165-1. PMID 8049126.

[5] Chawla, Myopathy (2011). "Systemic Myopathy". Frontiers in Neurology. 2: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.

v t e Myopathy (M60–M63, 728.0–3,8)

Pain	Myalgia Fibromyalgia

Inflammation	Myositis Pyomyositis

Lytic	Muscle weakness Rhabdomyolysis Muscle atrophy/Amyotrophy

Other	Myositis ossificans Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Compartment syndrome Anterior Diastasis of muscle Diastasis recti Muscle spasm

匿名

検索

案内

案内

muscular disease