WordNet

unrefined in character; "low comedy"
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf" (同)take_down, let down, get_down, bring_down
cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir" (同)depress
set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations" (同)lour
(botany) either of the two parts of a bilabiate corolla or calyx
either the outer margin or the inner margin of the aperture of a gastropods shell
either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking
the act of causing something to move to a lower level (同)letting down
the act of causing to become less
below the surround or below the normal position; "with lowered eyes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
(牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く
(lowの比較級)『もっと低い』,(価格が)もっと安い / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『下級の』;低い(下の)ほうの / …‘を'『下げる』,降ろす / 〈価格・程度・量・調子など〉‘を'『下げる』,小さくする,低下させる / 〈人〉‘を'品位(品格)を落とす / 低くなる,下がる,滅る
(…に向かって)顔をしかめる,まゆをひそめる《+『at(on, upon)』+『名』》 / 〈空模様が〉険悪になる,〈雨などが〉降りそうな / しかめっつら / 険悪な空模様
〈C〉『くちびる』,口もと / 《複数形で》(発音器官としての)くちびる,口 / 〈U〉《俗》生意気な言葉 / 〈C〉(容器などの)口,へり,縁;(峡谷・火山などの)口 / 〈C〉(植物の)唇弁(しんべん)
低くする,低下させる;堕落させる
(空模様が)険悪な,荒れ模様の / しかめっつらの,(顔つきが)不機嫌な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/09 13:33:28」(JST)

wiki en

The lower lip is formed from the mandibular prominence, a branch of the first pharyngeal arch. The lower lip (also called underlip) covers the anterior body of the mandible.

It is lowered by the Depressor labii inferioris muscle and the orbiculis oris borders it inferiorly.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity
2. 局所進行性（ステージIIIおよびIV）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of locoregionally advanced stage iii and iv head and neck cancer the oral cavity
3. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
4. 美容適応としてのボツリヌス毒素：特定部位治療 botulinum toxin for cosmetic indications treatment of specific sites
5. 口唇裂傷の評価および管理 assessment and management of lip lacerations

English Journal

Myocardial ischemic events in 'real world' patients with atrial fibrillation treated with dabigatran or warfarin.

Larsen TB1, Rasmussen LH2, Gorst-Rasmussen A1, Skjøth F1, Rosenzweig M3, Lane DA4, Lip GY5.Author information 1Department of Cardiology, Aalborg AF Study Group, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.2Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.3Division of Pharmacovigilance and Medical Devices, Danish Health and Medicines Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark.4Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.5Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address: g.y.h.lip@bham.ac.uk.AbstractBACKGROUND: Dabigatran may provide less protection against myocardial infarction than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation. This may be particularly evident among "switchers" to dabigatran from VKA, as a result of discontinuation effects.
The American journal of medicine.Am J Med.2014 Apr;127(4):329-336.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.12.005. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
BACKGROUND: Dabigatran may provide less protection against myocardial infarction than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation. This may be particularly evident among "switchers" to dabigatran from VKA, as a result of discontinuation effects.METHODS AND RESULTS: We identifie
PMID 24361757

High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with moderate or severe psoriasis in northern China.

Ma L1, Li M, Wang H, Li Y, Bai B.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.AbstractRecent studies suggest that psoriasis is a systemic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. However, these risk factors have not been widely recognized across different populations. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of risk factors for CVD with psoriasis by comparing patients with psoriasis and matched controls in northern China. This study identified 291 patients with diagnosed moderate or severe psoriasis as cases and 445 age- and gender-matched subjects as controls. A significant association (P < 0.01) was observed between overall psoriasis incidence and smoking [odds ratio (OR), 2.96; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.09-4.09], alcohol consumption (OR, 3.77; 95 % CI 2.381-5.955), diabetes (OR, 2.79; 95 % CI 1.70-4.59), hypertension (OR, 2.19; 95 % CI 1.56-3.06) and hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.76; 95 % CI 1.29-2.40). Furthermore, hypertension correlated with the duration of psoriasis after adjustment for age and sex. Hyperlipidemia, smoking and alcohol consumption were related to the severity of the disease. Moreover, patients with psoriasis had lower levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and lipoprotein (Lip) than did controls (P < 0.05). These data suggest that multiple risk factors for CVD are associated with psoriasis. CVD risk factor screening should be performed, and appropriate measures should be taken accordingly for psoriasis patients.
Archives of dermatological research.Arch Dermatol Res.2014 Apr;306(3):247-51. doi: 10.1007/s00403-013-1437-3. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
Recent studies suggest that psoriasis is a systemic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. However, these risk factors have not been widely recognized across different populations. This cross-sectional study aimed to examin
PMID 24385235

Consideration of effect of the amount of mandibular setback on the submental region in the planning of orthodontic-orthognathic treatment.

Ghassemi M1, Hilgers RD2, Jamilian A3, Hölzle F4, Fritz U5, Gerressen M6, Ghassemi A4.Author information 1Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: mghassemi@ukaachen.de.2Department of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.3Department of Orthodontics, Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.4Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.5Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.6Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, University Hospital Zwickau, Zwickau, Germany.AbstractAesthetic outcome has gained in importance in the treatment of patients with orthognathic problems. Historically, Class III malocclusions have historically been treated by isolated mandibular setback and maxillary advancement, whereas bimaxillary procedures have recently become the more common option. Functional outcome and stability have been discussed previously. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effect of mandibular setback (BSSO) on the cervical region. We studied 38 Class III patients (20 women and 18 men, mean (SD) age 25 (0.8) years) who we identified from our clinical records and who were treated between 1 January 2002 and 30 December2012 with mandibular setback procedures and followed up for 6 months. To study the effect of the amount of mandibular setback on the aesthetic outcome we have distinguished between patients with less than 5mm setback and those with 5mm or more. In patients whose mandibular setback was less than 5mm there was no significant change in cervical length. However, it decreased significantly in patients in whom the movement was 5mm or more. Postoperatively the lip-chin-throat angle (p=0.02), the length of the lower lip (p=0.002), and the length of the upper lip (p=0.003) from the aesthetic line also differed significantly between the 2 groups. Our observations strongly suggest that all these relations should be considered when treatment is being planned to avoid an unpleasant aesthetic impact on the chin region.
The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery.Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2014 Apr;52(4):334-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.01.009. Epub 2014 Mar 1.
Aesthetic outcome has gained in importance in the treatment of patients with orthognathic problems. Historically, Class III malocclusions have historically been treated by isolated mandibular setback and maxillary advancement, whereas bimaxillary procedures have recently become the more common optio
PMID 24593896