WordNet

unrefined in character; "low comedy"
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
move something or somebody to a lower position; "take down the vase from the shelf" (同)take_down, let down, get_down, bring_down
cause to drop or sink; "The lack of rain had depressed the water level in the reservoir" (同)depress
set lower; "lower a rating"; "lower expectations" (同)lour
the act of causing something to move to a lower level (同)letting down
the act of causing to become less
an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening); "it made a dent in my bank account"
an impression in a surface (as made by a blow) (同)ding, gouge, nick
a structure composed of a series of arches supported by columns (同)colonnade
a covered passageway with shops and stalls on either side

PrepTutorEJDIC

(高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
(牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く
(lowの比較級)『もっと低い』,(価格が)もっと安い / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『下級の』;低い(下の)ほうの / …‘を'『下げる』,降ろす / 〈価格・程度・量・調子など〉‘を'『下げる』,小さくする,低下させる / 〈人〉‘を'品位(品格)を落とす / 低くなる,下がる,滅る
(…に向かって)顔をしかめる,まゆをひそめる《+『at(on, upon)』+『名』》 / 〈空模様が〉険悪になる,〈雨などが〉降りそうな / しかめっつら / 険悪な空模様
低くする,低下させる;堕落させる
(空模様が)険悪な,荒れ模様の / しかめっつらの,(顔つきが)不機嫌な
くぼみ,へこみ / …‘を'くぼませる,へこませる / へこむ,くぼむ
(くし・歯車などの)歯
拱廊(きょうろう)(建物の側面につけた廊下状の通路) / アーケード(両側に商店が並ぶ屋根つき街路)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児における歯の損傷の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of dental injuries in children
2. 乳幼児に対する予防的デンタルケアおよびカウンセリング preventive dental care and counseling for infants and young children
3. 単一恐怖の治療における内科的治療および歯科治療 treatment for specific phobias of medical and dental procedures
4. 成人における医療手技に対する急性不安発作：疫学および臨床像 acute procedure anxiety in adults epidemiology and clinical presentation
5. 歯性感染症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of odontogenic infections

English Journal

Esophageal reconstruction with remnant stomach: a case report and review of literature.

Xie SP, Fan GH, Kang GJ, Geng Q, Huang J, Cheng BC.Author information Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.AbstractThe number of patients developing esophageal cancer after gastrectomy has increased. However, gastric remnant is very rarely used for reconstruction in esophageal cancer surgery because of the risk of anastomotic leakage resulting from insufficient blood flow. We present a case of esophageal cancer using gastric remnant for esophageal substitution after distal gastrectomy in a 57-year-old man who presented with a 1-month history of mild dysphagia and a background history of alcohol abuse. Gastroscopy showed a 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm bulge tumor of the lower third esophagus with the upper margin located 39 cm from the dental arcade. Computed tomography of the chest showed lower third esophageal wall thickening. The patient underwent en bloc radical esophagectomy with a two-field lymph node dissection of the upper abdomen and mediastinum via a left-sided posterolateral thoracotomy through the seventh intercostal space. The upper end of the esophagus was resected 5 cm above the tumor. The gastric remnant was used for reconstruction of the esophago-gastrostomy and placed in the left thoracic cavity. The patient started a liquid diet on postoperative day 8 and was discharged on the 10(th) postoperative day without complications. In this report, we demonstrate that the gastric remnant may be used for reconstruction in patients with esophageal cancer as a substitute organ after distal gastrectomy.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG.World J Gastroenterol.2013 May 28;19(20):3169-72. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i20.3169.
The number of patients developing esophageal cancer after gastrectomy has increased. However, gastric remnant is very rarely used for reconstruction in esophageal cancer surgery because of the risk of anastomotic leakage resulting from insufficient blood flow. We present a case of esophageal cancer
PMID 23717001

Brief communication: enamel thickness trends in the dental arcade of humans and chimpanzees.

Smith TM, Olejniczak AJ, Reh S, Reid DJ, Hublin JJ.Author information Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. tsmith@eva.mpg.de <tsmith@eva.mpg.de>AbstractIn addition to evidence for bipedality in some fossil taxa, molar enamel thickness is among the few characters distinguishing (thick-enameled) hominins from the (thin-enameled) African apes. Despite the importance of enamel thickness in taxonomic discussions and a long history of scholarship, measurements of enamel thickness are performed almost exclusively on molars, with relatively few studies examining premolars and anterior teeth. This focus on molars has limited the scope of enamel thickness studies (i.e., there exist many fossil hominin incisors, canines, and premolars). Increasing the available sample of teeth from which to compare enamel thickness measurements from the fossil record could substantially increase our understanding of this aspect of dental biology, and perhaps facilitate greater taxonomic resolution of early hominin fossils. In this study, we report absolute and relative (size-scaled) enamel thickness measurements for the complete dentition of modern humans and chimpanzees. In accord with previous studies of molars, chimpanzees show lower relative enamel thickness at each tooth position, with little overlap between the two taxa. A significant trend of increasing enamel thickness from anterior to posterior teeth is apparent in both humans and chimpanzees, indicating that inter-taxon comparisons should be limited to the same tooth position in order to compare homologous structures. As nondestructive imaging techniques become commonplace (facilitating the examination of increasing numbers of fossil specimens), studies may maximize available samples by expanding beyond molars.
American journal of physical anthropology.Am J Phys Anthropol.2008 Jun;136(2):237-41. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20796.
In addition to evidence for bipedality in some fossil taxa, molar enamel thickness is among the few characters distinguishing (thick-enameled) hominins from the (thin-enameled) African apes. Despite the importance of enamel thickness in taxonomic discussions and a long history of scholarship, measur
PMID 18324634

[Prevalence of dental disorders in 483 horses and ponies].

Peters JW, de Boer B, Broeze-ten Voorde G, Broeze J, Wiemer P, Sterk T, Spoormakers T.Author information Dierenartsencentrum Oosterwolde, Postbus 93, 8430 AB Oosterwolde, Friesland. juliuswp@cybercomm.nlAbstractPrevalence of dental disorders in 483 horses and ponies Five equine veterinarians working at three equine referral hospitals examined the oral cavity of 483 horses and ponies prior to surgery, to gain information about the prevalence of common dental disorders in the horse. A thorough examination, using hands/fingers, a full-mouth speculum, a dental mirror and a good light source, is essential to detect such disorders. Many horses examined needed dental attention even though there were no problems with mastication or riding. The most detected abnormalities were sharp enamel points on the buccal side of the upper arcade and the lingual side of the lower arcade, and hooks at 106/206 and 311/411. Regular dental care would improve the condition and welfare of horses.
Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde.Tijdschr Diergeneeskd.2008 Apr 1;133(7):272-8.
Prevalence of dental disorders in 483 horses and ponies Five equine veterinarians working at three equine referral hospitals examined the oral cavity of 483 horses and ponies prior to surgery, to gain information about the prevalence of common dental disorders in the horse. A thorough examination, u
PMID 18447114

Japanese Journal

ラット歯根膜の微細血管構築に関する研究

今井久夫,李繁良,信藤孝博,丹田博己,柳原一晃,山岡昭
日本歯周病学会会誌 36(3), 578-585, 1994-09-28
歯周疾患や加齢の実験モデルとして多用されているラットの歯根膜血管の微細構造を明らかにする目的で,歯根が完成し,十分な咬合機能を確立した直後である生後3ヶ月齢のWistar系雄性ラットを用いて,下顎第一臼歯の歯根膜の組織構造と微細血管構築の観察を行なった。歯根膜の血管構築は,根尖部では歯槽骨よりに太い細動静脈の粗な血管網を形成し,そこから派出される毛細血管が,根面の歯冠側に向けてヘヤーピンループを密 …
NAID 110004726034

ラット歯根膜の微細血管構築に関する研究

今井久夫,李繁良,信藤孝博,丹田博己,柳原一晃,山岡昭
日本歯周病学会会誌 36(3), 578-585, 1994
歯周疾患や加齢の実験モデルとして多用されているラットの歯根膜血管の微細構造を明らかにする目的で, 歯根が完成し, 十分な咬合機能を確立した直後である生後3ヶ月齢のWistar系雄性ラットを用いて, 下顎第一臼歯の歯根膜の組織構造と微細血管構築の観察を行なった。<BR>歯根膜の血管構築は, 根尖部では歯槽骨よりに太い細動静脈の粗な血管網を形成し, そこから派出される毛細血管が, 根面の歯 …
NAID 130001476203

巨人関脇出羽ケ嶽骨格の形態学的研究

鈴木尚,馬場悠男,神谷敏郎
人類學雜誌 94(4), 403-440, 1986
脳下垂体の腫瘍にもとつく巨人症の形質を,力士•出羽ケ嶽の骨格について,人類学的に研究した。脳頭蓋の外形は巨大であるが,実は,骨の病的肥厚による矢状径と横径の著しい増大にもとつくもので,脳容積に異常はない。顔面は高径•幅径とも過成長をとげ,とくに前者が甚だしく,上顔より下顔部に進むほど加速される。さらに上•下顎骨の不平等な成長による咬合の左右差は,咀蠕筋の不相称を招き,結局,全頭蓋の左右不相称を生じ …
NAID 130003727064