WordNet

the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism; "the piano had a very stiff action" (同)action_mechanism
an act by a government body or supranational organization; "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position"; "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues"; "the Union action of emancipating Southern slaves"
something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions"
the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field; "the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds"; "gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible"
the trait of being active and energetic and forceful; "a man of action"
the series of events that form a plot; "his novels always have a lot of action"
the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action" (同)activity, activeness
institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; "He was warned that the district attorney would process him"; "She actioned the company for discrimination" (同)sue, litigate, process
relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area; "local taxes"; "local authorities"
public transport consisting of a bus or train that stops at all stations or stops; "the local seemed to take forever to get to New York"
affecting only a restricted part or area of the body; "local anesthesia"
of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; "local customs"; "local schools"; "the local citizens"; "a local point of view"; "local outbreaks of flu"; "a local bus line"
a drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations (同)anaesthetic, anesthetic_agent, anaesthetic agent
characterized by insensibility; "the young girls are in a state of possession--blind and deaf and anesthetic"; "an anesthetic state" (同)anaesthetic

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『行動』,活動;精力的な活動 / 〈C〉『行為』,行い;《複数形で》『日常の行動』,ふるまい / 〈U〉〈C〉(人間・馬などの)身ぶり,動作,所作 / 〈U〉(身体諸器官の)働き / 〈U〉(機械などの)『働き』,機能;(薬・化学薬品などの)『作用』 / 〈U〉〈C〉戦闘(battle) / 〈C〉(銃・ピアノなどの)アクション,作動装置 / 〈C〉訴訟 / 〈U〉(劇・物語の)本筋,筋の運び
『一地方の』,ある土地の,(特に)自分の住んでいる土地の;地方に特有な / (全体からみて)『部分的な』,局部の,狭い部分の / 《米》各駅停車の / 《話》《しばしば複数形で》その土地に住んでいる人々 / 《米話》(新聞の)地方記事 / 《話》(各駅停車の)列車,電車,バス / 《米》(労働組合などの)支部
低カロリーの

UpToDate Contents

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1. 局所麻酔剤の浸潤 infiltration of local anesthetics
2. 局所麻酔剤に対するアレルギー反応 allergic reactions to local anesthetics
3. 末梢神経ブロックの概要 overview of peripheral nerve blocks
4. 末梢神経ブロック：手技 peripheral nerve block techniques
5. Anesthesia for the patient on dialysis

English Journal

Propranolol combined with dopamine has a synergistic action in intensifying and prolonging cutaneous analgesia in rats.

Chen YW1, Chiu CC2, Wei YL3, Hung CH4, Wang JJ5.
Pharmacological reports : PR.Pharmacol Rep.2015 Dec;67(6):1224-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.016. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the experiment was to assess interactions of dopamine with propranolol as an infiltrative anesthetic.METHODS: After injecting the rats with four doses of drugs subcutaneously, the cutaneous analgesic effect of propranolol was compared with dopamine through the blockade of
PMID 26481546

Investigation of local anesthetic and antimycobacterial activity of Ottonia martiana Miq. (Piperaceae).

Cunico MM1, Trebien HA2, Galetti FC3, Miguel OG4, Miguel MD4, Auer CG5, Silva CL3, Souza AO6.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias.An Acad Bras Cienc.2015 Nov 27. pii: S0001-37652015005018103. [Epub ahead of print]
Ottonia martiana is a plant popularly known in Brazil by the use for toothache. Ethanolic extract (EE), hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DF) and piperovatine obtained from O. martiana were assayed in vitro and in vivo. The acute toxicity of EE was determined, and LD50 values of 164.5
PMID 26628019

Metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor in the infralimbic cortex contributes to descending pain facilitation in healthy and arthritic animals.

David-Pereira A1, Puga S1, Gonçalves S1, Amorim D1, Silva C1, Pertovaara A2, Almeida A1, Pinto-Ribeiro F3.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Nov 6;312:108-119. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.060. [Epub ahead of print]
The involvement of the prefrontal cortex in pain processing has been recently addressed. We studied the role of the infralimbic cortex (IL) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in descending modulation of nociception in control and monoarthritic (ARTH) conditions. Nociception was as
PMID 26548413

Japanese Journal

Establishment of an Animal Model of Epidural Anesthesia and Sedative

OUCHI Kentaro,SEKINE Joji,KOGA Yoshihisa [他],中尾慎一,椙山加綱,オオウチケンタロウ,セキネジョウジ,コガヨシヒサ,ナカオシンイチ,スギヤマカズナ,OUCHI Kentaro,SEKINE Joji,KOGA Yoshihisa,NAKAO Shinichi,SUGIYAMA Kazuna
Experimental Animals 62(2), 137-144, 2013
… In this study, we performed the TF test in rats sedated via anindwelling epidural catheter and then examined the effectiveness of this method in evaluating thelocal anesthetic effects. … First, an epidural catheter was inserted into the epidural space, and anesthetic[lidocaine (L) or lidocaine including adrenaline (AL)] or normal saline (NS) was administered. …
NAID 130003362942

歯肉部への局所麻酔剤注射による疼痛を緩和するための表面麻酔剤の臨床評価

安藤崇仁,下尾嘉昭,中里政可,吉田久博
歯科薬物療法 31(2), 53-61, 2012
歯科治療では浸潤麻酔が頻繁に行われている．しかし浸潤麻酔は患者に強い痛みを与えるため，前処置として表面麻酔が用いられており，口腔粘膜停滞性が悪く，麻酔効果も良好とは言い難い．そこで，表面麻酔薬塗布部の横に円筒形綿花を置き，さらに下口唇を術者が前方へ引き出すことで比較的簡便に表面麻酔薬の口腔粘膜停滞性を向上させる方法（改良法）を考案し，表面麻酔薬を塗布した後に口唇を閉じる方法（従来法）との間で試験を …
NAID 130002136303

Cardiotoxic Local Anesthetics Increasingly Interact with Biomimetic Membranes under Ischemia-Like Acidic Conditions

Tsuchiya Hironori,Mizogami Maki,Ueno Takahiro [他],Shigemi Kenji
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(6), 988-992, 2012
… The cardiotoxic effects of local anesthetics increase in cardiac ischemia which is characterized by the tissue pH lowering to 6.5 or less. … Apart from the cardiac channel blockade, the membrane interaction has been referred to as another mode of their cardiotoxic action. … The mitochondrial membrane interactions depending on pH lowering may be, at least in part, responsible for local anesthetic cardiotoxicity enhanced in acidosis associated with cardiac ischemia. …
NAID 130001872187